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4thforms programme

General Revision

- With the valuable contribution of pupils

- Under the supervision of the English teacher

ZARAT SECONAR! SC"OO#

$%&% ' $%&&

UN(T &) "O#(A!(N* AN ART S"OWS

1



Lesson 1: Holidaying

Vocabulary:

The addresser: The speaker or the writer

The addressee: the listener or the Reader (who receives the message)

The host (the Person who receives the visitor) ≠ the guest (the visitor)Summer outings → activities we do out of the house during Summer olida!

Grammar:

1) Parallelism: the repetition of a tense" a form or a structure in a sentence

#$g$: The information will %e not onl! useful %ut also important

&The information will %e %oth useful and important$

' Repetition of a form: She is the %est" the kindest and the most intelligent

(Superlative form)

' Repetition of a tense: The mother was preparing dinner and was looking after the %a%!( past progressive)

' Repetition of a structure: love !ou" care a%out !ou" respect !ou and ll never forget !ou (su%*$ + ,

+ o%*)

2) Structure: Subj. + used to + bare infinitive

Subj. + would + bare infinitive

→To descri%e a ha%it in the past or a repeated action in the past

Essay: ' -ompare %etween holida!s in the past and holida!s nowada!s$

e$g$ n the past" people used to spend their olida!s at home with the famil! and relatives$ The! would

.ork on the farm and help their parents$

owever" nowada!s people spend their olida!s with friends practising various activities such as water

skiing" canoeing" camping" and sun%athing

' /ctive olida!: Sport activities 0 -amping 0 Skiing 0/ -ountr! walk$

' a2! olida!: .atching T, 0 Sun%athing on the 3each$

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Lesson 2: SPACE TOURISM

Space5related words: Planet" Shuttle" Travel" Trip" Ship" Space port$

→Space tourism re6uires e7or%itant prices" so most of people cant afford it$

VOCABULARY #7or%itant (ad*$) 8 ver! costl! 8 ver! e7pensive$

9



To afford something 8 ind the mone! to do it 8 financiall! a%le to achieve it$

.orth 8 ;eserve$

Rivalr! (<) 8 -ompetition 0 The rival (personal noun)$

ace off (<) 8 ight" argument$

oothold (<) 8 Strong position in %usiness$

.ell5to5do (ad*$) 8 Rich$

/ deal (<) 8 /greement$#merging 8 3ecoming known or seen 8 /ppearing$

To Please (,) → Pleasant 0 pleased (ad*s) → Pleasure (<)$

GRAMMAR' <egative prefi7es : =sed at the %eginning of a word to give its anton!m$( in5 0 dis5 0 a%5 0 un5 0 im5 >

etc>)

' #$g$: She stopped eating to answer the phone$

→ She was eating and she stopped that action$

Begin / stop / enoy / !isli"e / a!mit /

consi!er / miss / #inis$ / min! / imagine / % V % &'G (eny / in)ol)e / postpone / suggest / regret

/ !elay / a)oi! / practise / ris"

*R&+&'G : .e can speak a%out the advantages and the disadvantages of Space Tourism$

' /;,/<T/?#S:

5 ts the onl! chance to discover another world$

5 To discover an outer space and satisf! ones curiosit!$

5 or rela7ation" entertainment" pleasure$

5 ;iscover new things" %ecome more and more open 5minded and e7perienced$

5 t can %e worth! doing a su%or%ital flight as it can %e a rich source of information$

5 Space Tourism will %e widespread in the future$

' ;S/;,/<T/?#S:

5 ,er! e7pensive tours

5 ts useless to spend a lot of mone! *ust to prove that someone can %e the first one to discover the

Space

5 ts shameful to spend e7or%itant prices on space flights while thousands of children die ever! da!

%ecause of hunger and illness$

5 am afraid of visiting other planets

5 ts a waste of time and mone!$

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@



Lesson 3: Art So!s

,oca%ular!

- Foyer 8 entrance hall or a large entrance space

- Refresments 8 drinks- !nteractive 8 helping to communicate with each others

- Performances 8 shows

- "o boo# 8 make reservations

- Free 8 at no cost

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Lesson ": #IMORTALIT$% &$ CELI'E (IO'

VOCABULARY,Super star state 8 state of %eing a famous singer or actor$

Stardom 8 level of importance$

Prowess 8 ?reat skill at doing something$

-onvene (v) 8 to come together$

-ele%rit! 8 fame 8 popularit!$

Aemor! 8 something we remem%er$

#ternit! 8 immortalit! 0 #ternal (ad*) 8 Timeless 8 life long$

ate 8 ;estin!$

aith 8 Trust 8 3elief$

;etermination 8 .illingness$

-ome true 8 /chieve 8 ulfill$ (a dream )Sorrow 8 Sadness$

GRAMMAR: Mo!als- #unctions.

-an 8 #7pressing a%ilit! 0 ?iving permission

-ant 8 #7pressing ina%ilit! 0 Refusing permission$

Aust 8 #7pressing o%ligation$

Austnt 8 #7pressing prohi%ition$

EAY

Bou attended a musical show$ ;escri%e the show" the atmosphere and !our feelings$

Lesson ): *al+ing To,r

$ocabulary

rontier 8 border

/ part of 8 constituent

-ontaining people of different races 8 cosmo%olitan

n all seasons 8 year round

Places where shows take place 8 venues

Former 8 last 8 previousAarvelous 8 wonderful 8 ama2ing 8 s%ectacular

"o im%ress 8 to fascinate

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&rammar ' Su%erlative form

5 "e + sort adjective + est

( : #din%urgh is te second larest cit!

5 "e most * te least + lon adjective#g : -hanging the guards is te most s%ectacular ceremon!

(ssay

Plan a guided walking tour for #nglish tourists who came to visit !our town 0 village

ocus on places of interest and highlight the features of such places

"et ty%e and %ur%ose

,arrative → to narrate eventsrumentative to persuade the reader

(%ository → to inform the reader

Lesson .: A Pa/+age To,r

$ocabulary

Pac#ae tour 8 a tour organi2ed %! a travel agenc! in which !ou travel with a group(ibition /n) 8 collection of art works shown to the pu%lic

"o eibit /v) 8 to show for the pu%lic

ccommodation 8 the place where we sta! while we are in a *ourne! or trip (hotel D %ungalow D tent)

"o accommodate /v)

(ssay: 0at are te benefits and drawbac#s of %ac#ae tours

Package

"ours

/dvantages ;isadvantages

5 a#in new friends

5 3avin fun witin te rou%

5 reat sense of community

5 Safe and well-orani4ed

5 ;ifferences %etween the group mem%ers

ma! %e em%arrassing

5 Bou feel limited and have less freedom

5 There ma! %e no sense of adventure since

ever!thing is predicta%le

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Lesson 0: At te Trael Agen/y

$ocabulary

E



5 6isa%%ointed 8 deceived (ad*) 0 ;isappointment 8 deception (n)

5 "rustworty (ad*)8 someone whom !ou can trust

Lesson : P,t A Little (raa in $o,r Trael

$ocabulary

5 7yber tri%s 8 a trip done via 0 through the internet

5 8n te calendar 8 planned

5 Sitseein 8 visiting places of interest

5 3eadin to 8 moving towards a place

5 7oreora%y 8 designing steps of dancing

5 %laywrit 8 / person who writes pla!s

Possible to%ics

' .rite the %iograph! of .illiam Shakespeare" the great Stratford %ard" the greatest dramatist and poet in

the #nglish language' Bou attended a pla! %! Shakespeare ;escri%e the show" the characters performance" the audiences

reactions and !our own impressions

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Lesson 4: Te *inter5s Tale 6Part I7

/ narrative te7t is composed of the setting" the theme" the plot and the characters

- "e settin: place or situation where the narrative takes place" the setting can have a powerful effect on

the theme and on the readers emotions

5 "e teme: topic" su%*ect or message5 "e %lot: action" se6uence of actions D plots include introduction" pro%lem" clima7 or crisis" resolution

and conclusion

5 "e caracters: people" animals or imaginar! characters in a narrative

$ocabulary

- "o rule 8 to govern

- "o send for someone 8 ask someone to come to !ou

- "o be 8 ask for something in an an7ious wa!

5 9nfaitfulness 8 having a relationship with someone who is not !our spouse

5 Samefully 8 in an em%arrassing wa!

5 "o try someone 8 to *udge

5 "rial /n) 8 *udgment

5 Sus%ect /v) 8 dou%t 0 suspicion (n) 0 5Suspicious (ad*) 8 dou%tful

&rammar focus: com%ound adjectives

5 / kind5hearted person adj + noun + ed

5 / thought5provoking film → noun + verb + in

5 / ten5minute talk number + noun

5 / science5inspired souvenir noun + PP5 / %right5colored um%rella → adj + PP

5 <aturall!5 produced cotton dv + PP

F



UN(T $) EUCAT(ON +ATTERS

Lesson 1: S/ool - related !ords

“The real wealth of a nation is education / literate children / knowledge.”

Vocabulary:Gffering" giving 8 %rovidin$ 0 %rovision /n)

/ ver! important thing 8 a %riority$

Refused 8 denied.

Aake %etter" ameliorates 8 to boost$

0ord antonymPractical Theoretical

#7aminer -andidate

.ork olida!

ail Pass

.itten Gral

/ttend leave

Grammar:

"oo + adj + to + v 8 impossi%ilit! of the action$

#$g$: is parents are too %oor to send him to school$→ the! are ver! poor so the! cannot send him to

school

0ossible topics:

.hat are the causes of illiterac! and how to limit itH

-auses Solutions to overcome the pro%lem$

Povert!

unger

;istant schools

lliterate parents

5To donate mone!" free %ooks"

5to provide nutritious meals for pupils at school

5To %uild schools

5Sensiti2e parents to the necessit! of education$5The role of humanitarian organi2ations (unicef " =nesco " .P)

The importance of education:

1$ /meliorate the econom! of the countr!$

9$ To provide a greener future to our children$

@$ ;ecrease the dependence on foreign workers$

C$ i%erate the countr! from the pro%lem of illiterac!$

E$ To have %etter" literate generations >

.rite an ad to incite people to help poor" illiterate children in the world$

I



#g (pupils writing)

1 poun! can enlig$ten a min!

/s !ou know" /frica is one of the poorest areas allover the world speciall! the west$ Those countries

are too poor to provide a good education to their !oung generations$ 3ut we are all %rothers in humanit!

so" !ou cant %e proud of !our education and even of !ourself while !ou know that there are hundreds

and hundreds of poor children who want to %e educated" help their families and their countr! %ut the!

cant : #ither %ecause there are no schools or the! cant afford getting to schools and so the! are

prevented from the %asic right of education$ A! %rothers please support us to provide this right to those

innocent children and remem%er alwa!s that onl! one pound can enlighten a mindJ

n !our opinion" what can humanitarian organi2ations do for children who are prevented from

educationH

Lesson 2: Ed,/ation 8or All9

Vocabulary:Registration 8 enrolment $

-onse6uentl! 8 terefore$

Percentage 8 rate$

Grammar:

!f + neative verb unless + %ositive verb.

#$g$: unless we help poor children" the! cant have a good future$

!f we dont help poor children" the! cant have a good future$

*riting:

.rite an interview %etween a *ournalist and the representative of a humanitarian organi2ation in

which the! talk a%out the role of this organi2ation in helping to educate children round the world$

Lesson 3: irt,al S/ools

Vocabulary:

e is an online 0 distance 0 e5 0 c!%er learner 8 he is stud!ing in a virtual school via 0 through the internet$

3ull!ing 8 frightening or hurting a weak person$

og on 8 connect on a computer s!stem$

/ppeal 8 what makes something attractive$

Te7ting 8 writing on the computer$

3ustle 8 crowd of people moving in a %us! wa!$

K



Grammar:

Subject + did * do * does + bare infinitive to em%asi4e te meanin.

#$g$: 'did !ou forget to do the e7erciseH

5<o !i! do it$

' ;oes she speak an! foreign languageH

5 She !oes speak #nglish and talian$

=seful e7pressions

think 888888888giving an opinion$

m afraid dont agree 8888888888888888disagreeing$

see what !ou mean %ut>88888888888888 disagreeing

Bou are making a good point" however>88888 disagreeing

.hat !ou sa! is >$%ut still strongl!>$ 88888 disagreeing$

Lesson " age 1;1: O'LI'E LEAR'I'<

Vocabulary:• -!%er learning 8 virtual learning 8 e5 learning 8 distance learning 8 online learning

• Time commitment 8 .hen students are willing to devote much time to their courses

Punctuation :Using commas:

to separate items in a list

ts used %efore and after a phrase in opposition " giving an e7planation or additional

information a%out the noun it follows

#$g$ : SLmi" our maths teacher" is a%sent (phrase in opposition)

Writing : Which do you like better, traditional learning or virtual learning?

Traditional learning

/dvantages$ 6isadvantaes

5 -hildren will %e more concentrated$

5 Mids will not miss the uni6ue opportunit! to mi7

with others5 Students will %e more self5reliant

5 Aake friends$

5 The pupil %ecomes responsi%le and self 5

confident$

5 ,er%al and ph!sical communication$

5 Students undergo man! kinds of pressure from

frightening teachers

5 Teachers are using man! wa!s of punishment5 School uniform$

5 3ustling$

5 3eing %ullied %! others$

5 School%ags$

5 Time and place constraints$

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Virtual learning

/dvantages$ ;isadvantages

5 Students stud! whenever the! want$

5 ;ont have to stud! for long hours$

5 le7i%ilit!: !ou can learn whenever and wherever

!ou like$

5 3eing home educated$

5 Taking private lessons$

5 Students are willing t o devote much time to their

courses$

5 no uniform 0no school *ourne!s

5 <o %ustling 0not %ullied %! other pupils

5 Aore confidence 0 more commitment

5 <o teacher to control the students

5 -hildren arent old enough to manage time

commitment$

5 earners lack ver%al and ph!sical communication$

5Setting in front of the P- for a long time can %e

harmful to !our e!es$

5<o ph!sical action Dno e!es contact$

5 ittle ver%al or ph!sical communication D5 5 no

chance to overcome ps!chological pro%lems

(%ull!ing D fright$$$)

Lesson ) age 1;3: COMPARI'< E(UCATIO'ALS$STEMS

Linkers used for similarities:ike>$$

/s >

3oth >and >

Similarl! >

The two5 the same >

Linkers used for differences:Aore 0 less

=sing comparatives

=nlike

;ifferentl!

owever 0 whereas

3ut 0 in contrast

e$g$

• 3oth /merica and Tunisia divide schooling into @ c!cles ( similarities)

• The third c!cle in Tunisia includes C !ears while in =S/ it includes @ !ears (differences)

Vocabulary:

• -ompulsor! 8 o%ligator!

• -!cles 8 steps

• Schooling 8duration of stud!

• -ore 8 the most important

• Remote 8 distant 0 far awa!

• Self5reliant 8 self 5autonomous (ad*) 0 self 5 reliance 8 self D autonom! (n)

•To focus 8 to concentrate

• To rel! on 8 depend on

1O



(ssay:

Write a letter to your English friend to give him/ her an idea about the Tunisian system of

education

Educational system in Tunisia:

• Pupils start their schooling at the age of F

• t lasts 1@ !ears

• The! sta! F !ears at the primar! school

• There are @ c!cles in Tunisian schooling

• The three c!cles are free %ut onl! the primar! and the preparator! c!cles are compulsor!

/Pu%il;s writin)

Zarat on April 8th, !"!#ear $tuart,

%n this letter % &ant to give you an idea about our educational system in Tunisia in &hich &ehave ' cycles: the primary school, the preparatory school and the secondary school but thethird cycle(s not compulsory)The primary school lasts * years, the preparatory school lasts ' years and the secondary schoollasts + years) Then, &e have the university)oth the primary and the preparatory cycles are compulsory because all pupils must be

educated and at the age of * they have the right and the duty to enroll at school)

-ours, .0ib

LESSO' .: A<E OR=

Vocabulary• Evaluated = assessed = tested

• Poor = deprived

• I think that = I am of the opinion that

• Basic knowledge of arithmetic in general = numeracy

• Potential = ability

• Rate = percentage

• To increase the strength = to boost = to ameliorate

• utstanding = e!cellent = brilliant

Grammar The prepositions %elow are used after the following ver%s

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Prevent 0 suffer 0 e7clude 0 to depart 0 to take 0 differ + 2rom

Succeed 0 %elieve 0 result 0 integrate 0 live 0 put 0 locate + !n

ocus 0 depend 0 %ase + On

/pprove 0 deprive 0 consist 0 compose + O#

*riting/re !ou for or against mi7ed 5 age classes to %oost pupils achievementH

.rite an interview with Ars$ erndon to ask a%out the new s!stem of education

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Lesson 0: Li8elong Learning

ifelong learning:“pursue knowledge from cradle to grave“.

“Never too late to learn.”

àSo lifelong learning never stops" its continuous$

Vocabulary:-ontinuous 8 %ermanent$

To continue (ver%) 8 to %ursue$

Simpl! (adv) 8 merely$

-onse6uentl! 8 terefore.

imited to: confined to restricted to

ull growth and development 8 maturity$

Traditional (ad*) 8 conventional.

To adapt (v) 8 to adjust.

/uthentic (ad*) 8 enuine.

Grammar :5 child + QhoodQà the period of time$

à childhood$

'oun % 3$oo!4 noun e$g$: 5 /dultà adulthood

5 Aotherà motherhood

5 Sisterà sisterhood

*R&+&'G

5 ifelong learning is a wa! to com%at illiterac!$

5 .e face man! pro%lems in our world" and we consider illiterac! as a ma*or pro%lem" thats wh!

we suggest lifelong learning as a solution to com%at this plight$

Advantages of lifelong learning :

5 ifelong learning prepares the learners for the whole life %ecause it is an opportunit! for them to

update their knowledge$

5 Gngoing learning ena%les us to renew our human knowledge and cope with new technologies$

5 ifelong learning is a tool to gain self5autonom! and %e sociall! privileged$

5 t makes the learners e7perience highl! valued$

5 This new venture helps fight against illiterac! and facilitates social integration$

19



5 #na%ling all the mem%ers of societ! to have a share in the development of their countr!$

ifelong learning is a programme of education aiming at educating the adult people$ t is ver!

important %ecause it pursues knowledge from cradle to grave$

Disadvantages of lifelong learning:

5 The older we get the harder we learn and the less enthusiastic we %ecome$

5 t ma! %e at the e7pense of other interests$

5 Some people hold discouraging attitudes towards adult learners$

5 t ma! %ecome useless if it is not well 5 organi2ed$

Lesson : Reading te >a/+ /oer o8 a >oo+

Grammar:

o u##i5es use! to #orm a!ecti)es:

#$g$: 5ed: interested 0 5al: natural 0 5ive: effective$ 0 5a%le: fashiona%le 0 5ing: interesting

o u##i5es use! to #orm nouns:

#$g$: 5 ness: happiness 5hood: adulthood 5sion: decision$

o 6o7 to trans#orm t$e a!)erb into a!ecti)e8

#$g$: certainl!àcertain closel!àclose steadil!àstead!$

o 6o7 to trans#orm t$e a!ecti)e into noun8

#$g$: accurateàaccurac! sharpàsharpness endowedà endowment poeticà poetr!$

E5press !i##erently using compoun! a!ecti)es:

#$g$: this town is planned %adl!$

àThis is a %adl! Dplanned town$ e wrote the letter clearl!$

àt is a clearl! Dwritten letter$

Vocabulary:

5 Un#amiliar : strange$

5 E5act : accurate precise$

5 $arp: acute piercing$

5 (escribe! : depicted$

5 Memorable: unforgetta%le$5 0ersons in no)el : characters$

5 i5 : half5do2en$

5 cenery: landscape$

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Lesson 4: Ale?ander <raa &ell@ te leander &raam <ell:

5 The inventor of the telephone

5 e is talented in the domain of communication$5 e was known as a teacher of the deaf and the dump more than as an inventor$

5 e was %orn in a famil! which was used to the communication art$

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5 is grandfather developed a considera%le particle in the treatment of speech defects$

5 is father was speciali2ed in the speech domain too$ e invented a universall! applica%le phonetic

alpha%et which had %een developed %! !oung /le7 and his %rothers the! produced the sounds

from the s!m%ols$

$ocabulary:

5 To %e familiar with something 8 to be no straner to sometin.

5 People who are una%le to speak or hear 8 te deaf and dumb.

5 andicaps 8 im%ediments.

5 ack of luck 8 misfortune.

=eical focus:5 !m%ediment: %arrier %lock difficult! hindrance o%stacle$

5 "imeless: changeless endless eternal everlasting permanent$

&rammar• .hat a teacher he wasJ

• ow nice it isJ

à (%ressin admiration.

9+$e % a! : is used to refer to a group of people in the societ!$

#$g$: e taught the deafà e taught deaf people$

0ritin:

5 .rite the %iograph! of /le7ander ?raham 3ell$

Bor Arts Session 3 13": #LATER% >y Mi/ael Boster

Vocabulary:

5 >ueer 8 strange

5 "o crumble 8 to %e destro!ed

5 Rationally 8 logicall!

5 anslauter 8 killing someone5 nuis 8 deep suffering

5 ?ail 8 Prison

1C



N(T ,) CREAT(-E. (N-ENT(-E +(NS

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Lesson 1 age 13.: Inentions - related !ords

9 Grammar:

5 ts hard 0 difficult 0 possi%le + to % )erb

5 Aake0 et 0 get 0 have + o%*ect + bare in#initi)e

15 9sed to * didn;t use to + bare in#initi)e

#7pressing a ha%it in the past

95 <e used to + v + in

To %e familiar with something

9 Vocabulary:

;omestic ro%ots: used at home doing domestic services

5 "o discover: find something that had previousl! e7isted %ut had hitherto %een unknown

5 "o invent: design create something which has never %een made %efore

5 "o innovate: introduce changes and new ideas

verb adjective adverb &eneral noun Personal noun

To discover ++++++++++ +++++++++ discover! discoverer

To innovate nnovative nnovativel! innovation innovator To invent inventive inventivel! invention inventor

5 8mni%resent 8 e7isting ever!where and at all times$

5 !m%act 8 a strong effect

5 stonisin (ad*) 8 surprising" startling" striking

5 Sift /v) 8 change" alter

5 9ltimate 8 final

9 *riting

<owada!s ro%ots are %ecoming more and more widespread" which makes lots of people sa! thatthose ro%ots are a real %less for humanit!$ So" according to !ou in which fields can ro%ots help the human

%eingsH

1E



5Ro%ots replace human %eings at work$

5ts a machine without feelings and morals it *ust uses an electrical energ!$

5There will %e more and more *o%lessness if we use ro%ots in ever! field$

5Ro%ots never sleep$

5 t can work in a high temperature" which human %eings cant do$

5 t uses electrical energ! directl!$

5 t is stronger" more efficient than human %eings

5 t can do housework: cleaning" washing" cooking" shopping>

5 t can drive (an! means of transport)$

9 *riting lesson Technolog! is considered as a controversial issue$ .rite an article to a <ewspaper in which !ou give

%oth negative and positive effects of this phenomenon on our life$

- "ecnoloy as a blessin

5 Aakes us live more comforta%l! thanks to different t!pes of inventions5 acilitates communication with other people (using the internet to chat)

5 acilitates research of information with those inventions such as the internet

5 elps in progress and development

5 elps to gain time

5elps to treat diseases

- "ecnoloy as a curse

5 Technolog! used %! some people for immoral goals such as cloning

5 /ddiction of man! children to different technological gadgets and as a result the! neglect their studies

5 Aa! destro! the relationship %etween our famil! mem%ers

5 =sing technolog! to invent weapons" %om%s" chemical weapons5 Aechani2ation of our societ!

5 Side effects of some inventions on our e!es" ears$

Lesson 3: Interie!ing te 8ater o8 lay station

9 Vocabulary"o envision (v) 8 to imagine a future situation

!nitial8 first ≠ ultimateRelease * to launc 8 to set up

6edicated 8 devoted

9 Grammar 6edicate * devote + object + to + $+ in

,oun

<e accustomed * be used + to + $ + in

,oun

9 *riting 1: n interview wit @en @utaraiA te inventor of %lay station /%u%il;s writin)

1F



"adies and #entlemen$ we are pleased today to meet %r ken kutaragi the inventorof play station&'elcome %r( )E* )+T,R,#I$ thank you for coming- I.d like to ask you some/uestions about your invention 0the play station12 3irst can you e!plain to us what did encourage you to invent the play station5 I thought of my children and all the pupils who are tired of education$ stressedabout e!ams and who become more and more fed up( 6o I felt like to createsomething to make them have fun and entertain themselves(2 Thank you for your feelings %r( )+T,R,#I but do you think that play station isreally a good thing for children "et.s say a blessing5 ,bsolutely7 Play station develops children.s cognitive skills$ they will becomebetter concentrated and it can reinforce their patience(2 But$ %r( kutaragi it has also some drawbacks like teaching children di8erent formsof violence(5 9es$ like all things$ it has bene:ts and drawbacks but children should not bein;uenced by this invention(2 3inally$ %r( )utaragi$ can you advise young people who are addicted to Play 6tation

5 I advise them to give their attention and time to their studies :rst and then thePlay 6tation$ only when they have free time(2 Thanks a lot for these valuable tips(5 *ot at all and thank you for your invitation(

- dvantaes of Play station

5 Aeans of entertainment

5 earn how to deal with comple7 situation

5 ;evelop cognitive skills

5 Reinforce patience

5 le7i%ilit! and adapta%ilit!

5 nteractive- 6isadvantaes of Play station

5 contact with different forms of violence

5 get into %ad ha%its

5 enhance la2iness

5 lead to addiction

5 neglect studies

5 lose contact with real life

5 inhi%it communication

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Lessons ": PriDe !inners

9 Vocabulary:

"o reward 8 to praise" to award

ward 8 pri2e" tri%ute

Pa!ing no attention 8 regardless

Features 8 characteristics

?ift 8 award" pri2e" talent

9 Grammar: B djectives; suffies

5ng coming

1I



5c scientific

5-ant significant

5 ve effective

5ul respectful

5Gus prestigious

5#d presented

B Passive form object + verb /to be + %ast %artici%le) + subject

Bctive form subject + verb + object

Lesson ): *oen /oose to ot o,t

9 VocabularyPats 8 wa!s of achieving something

t te e%ense of 8 with damage to

Reconition 8 pu%lic praise and reward

7ite (v) 8 to mention something as a reason3old someone accountable for sometin 8 to consider a person responsi%le for something

$alued 8 -onsidered important

9 Grammar "e subjunctive is used in formal" impersonal #nglish

!t is essential tat

!t is advisable tat + subject + verb in te subjunctive /bare infinitive)

0e insist tat

eader + ship 0 Relation + ship

0y do women coose to o%t out

' Reasons %ehind opting out:

5 -orporation fails to satisf! their professional needs

' ?oals %ehind opting out

5 To gain more freedom" recognition" mone!

5 aving their own %usiness$

' Solution to keep women in their positions

5 Provide them with more fle7i%ilit!5 dentif! potential" competent managers" award their contri%utions and give them ke! positions in the

compan!$

9 *riting

<owada!s" women have a %ig role in societ!" nevertheless" some women choose to opt out and start their

own %usiness$ ?ive !our opinion a%out this issue$

Plan

- !ntroduction

Speak in ?eneral a%out women nowada!s and their role in societ!

- <ody

.h! do women choose to opt outH

1K



' Reasons (#$g$ -orporation fails to satisf! their professional needs)

' ?oals (to gain more freedom" having their own %usiness)

' Solution for the -orporation (provides them with more fle7i%ilit!" identif! women with high potential

and give them %ig positions)

- 7onclusion

;o the ma7imum with %usiness women in order to keep them in their positions %! offering more

compensation$

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Lesson .: Te &rain (rain

;efinition: The 3rain ;rain is the movement of highl! D skilled and 6ualified people from developing

nations to developed countries to earn more mone!$

B $ocabulary

!m%lication 8 Result" effect" conse6uence" outcome$

Futile 8 useless" inefficient" fruitless" worthless

Sortae 8 lack" a%sence" scarcit!" insufficienc!

7ontentions 8 controversial (issue) 8 likel! to cause disagreement %etween people$

"o ater %ace 8 to increase in num%er

(%ertise 8 skill in a particular su%*ect

B &rammar

5 #$g$ 1) e worked so hard that he got an e7cellent grade in the test (-lause)

5 unction: #7pressing a cause / conse;uence relationship

5 Structure: Su%*ect + v + so + ad*ective + that +clause

5 e was so sad that he stopped eating

(-ause) (-onse6uence)

#$g$ 9) he worked hard so that he would succeed in the e7am$

unction: #7pressing purpose

Structure: clause 1 + so that + clause 9

B !diomatic e%ressions

"e %lay te cards rit 8 to deal successfull!

"o swim aainst te tide 8 oppose the attitude that most people have$

"o sow te seeds of 8 start the process that leads to a particular result

B 0ritin:

The %rain drain is a controversial issue: s it a loss or a gainH ?ive !our opinion a%out this issue$

- "e <rain 6rain

.h! do people emigrateH

1N



5 3etter *o% opportunities

5 #arn more mone! and ameliorate ones living conditions

5 Aarriage purpose

5 3etter circumstances for scientific researches and inventions

5 Pursue ones high education 0 studies$

5 Political persecution$

5 ealth pro%lems

- Solution

To retain highl! educated people in their home countries" the government should provide incentives for

them (more mone! ke! positions %etter *o% opportunities)

Reverse brain drain: immigrate to developed countries then come %ack to ones home countr!

9 Reasons

3ecause their countr! needs their skills so" the! %ring their e7pertise" talents and hopes so that their

countr! profit from them$

9 Conse;uences#conomic recover!$

Me! positions for them

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Lesson 0: S/ientists a/ieeents

1. $ocabulary :

• 8ccur 8 to happen" to take place$

• (nable 8 make possi%le for someone to do something$

• anify 8 make something look %igger$

• ctual 8 real" e7act$

• Patent 8 the official right to %e the onl! to use or sell a product$

2. &rammar :

B Restrictive 5 relative clause:

met the inventor who won the <o%el Price

Ct cannot %e deleted %ecause" its essential for understanding the noun %efore it$

B ,on-restrictive relative clause:The game" which we had long %een waiting for" %egan at 9 pm$

It can %e deleted without harming the meaning of the sentence (it is not essential to understand the noun

it follows)$

* Possible topics Aake an interview with Q/hmed UewailV" so prepare a set of 6uestions related to his nvention$

write a paragraph a%out an invention !ou choose (T," AP@" mo%ile phone)$;ecide whether it is a

%lessing or a curse

(am%le: advantaes and disadvantaes of te PD:

B "e benefits of tis invention:

< listen to music(<'atch video clips(

9O



< Play many games(< ave fun and makes a person more comfortable(

B "e disadvantaes of tis invention:

< >ausing harm to the eyes ?to watch video clips@ and ears ?listen to loud music@(<>an destroy family bounds(<To be addicted to this technological device(< *o concentration(< *eglecting one.s studies studies(

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

Lesson : #Te (aFodils% >y *illia *ords!ort

Stanza ts a group of lines of verse that makes the unit of poetr!$

Rhyme the repetition of similar sounds in poetr!" the most common rh!me is the Qend rh!meV$

' Possi%le topics: The %iograph! of .illiam .ords.orth" The poet of QnatureV$

91



N(T0) #(1E (SS ES

////////////////////////////////////////////////////

////

Lesson 1: Li8e Con/erns

9Vocabularyifeless 8 not living" inanimate" dull

ifelong 8 lasting" constant" permanent

ifelike 8 realistic" authentic" real

ife time 8 long" lasting" continuing" unending

ife work 8 career" e7istence" period

ife and death 8 essential" critical" crucialifest!le 8 conduct" wa! of life" ha%its

or life 8 long" lasting" continuing" unending

ife 8 %iograph!" %eing" e7istence

?ive up 8 stop doing something

/ stroke 8 sudden serious illness

Aistaken 8 wrong in ones opinion or *udgement

9 E.g. o# li#e issues1) Wo% 8 success D efficienc! 5 career>$

9) /ttitudes and values 8 tolerance D love D *o% D charit! 5 dignit!>@) Success in life 8 famil! life D love D *o% D education 5 relations>

C) ealth issue 8 illnesses 5 famine>

E) #nvironment 8 pollution D rec!cling D protecting animals 5 energ!>

9 CollocationsRespirator! illness 0 Aake a difference 0 Tough *o% 0 Set an e7ample 0 eel tense

Solve a pro%lem 0 <egative effects 0 Meep in mind 0 save mone! 0 ung cancer

9 +$e topic

5!ou are a dietician and !ou are giving a presentation at school to sensiti2e pupils to get their Qfive a da!Vin order to have a good health

BPu%il;s 0ritin: /five a day a ealty diet)

99



ello kidsJ Toda! well tr! to talk a%out having !our Qfive a da! Q$ ive is the num%er of fruits and

vegeta%les that a person should consume ever! da!$ The! can %e tinned" dried or *uiced" %ecause the! can

help !ou to have the chance to maintain a %alanced %od!" a health! lifest!le and weight level$ or

e7ample eat few dates and chopped tomatoes ever! morning$ Bou should consume natural and fresh

vegeta%les to preserve their nutrients" and the %est wa! to cook vegeta%les is steaming$ n addition" dont

peel the apples %ecause vitamins are under the skin of the fruit Qan apple a da! keeps the doctor awa!V$

So these are the tips that can help ever! one to have a good health$

B void te ris#y abit of smo#in

9'egati)e e##ects : ung cancer 0 eart disease 0 Respirator! illnesses 0 Stroke 0 .aste of mone!

' 6o7 to ;uit 5 Aust have the desire to give up smoking" the confidence and the determination to 6uit this %ad ha%it

5 Remind !ourself of the negative effects of smoking

5 .hen !ou feel tense or like to smoke" get !our self %us!

' Bene#its o# ;uitting

5 ave a %etter health for the smoker and his famil!

5 Save mone!

5 -ut the risk of health pro%lems

5 To smell and taste %etter

5 The cough goes a wa!

5 The %reath smells %etter

B Pu%il;s 0ritin /smo#in)

#Gill te /igarette >e8ore it +ills yo,% Smoking has man! dangers such as lung cancer" heart disease" stroke and other respirator! illnesses$ ts

a waste of mone!" so advise !ou to stop smoking %ecause when !ou 6uit smoking !oull %ecome

healthier" it cuts the risk of health pro%lems and !ou will have a %etter health for !ou and especiall! for

!our famil!$ So !ou must %e strong5 willed to stop th deadl! ha%it$

Lesson 2: ATTITU(ES

9 E5amples o# attitu!es:

oving people and %eing prudent

Taking care of friendship

3eing %rave and fearless

oving ones countr!

Respecting all people and not %eing *ealous$

3eing self Dconfident

3eing frank and sincere

3e %etter than others in ever! situation

3e alwa!s lovel! and loving

9@



3e alwa!s truthful and honest

9 Vocabulary 5 Profound (ad*) 8 deep

5 7oward (ad*) 8 someone who is not courageous

5 $aliant (ad*) 8 %rave

5 (nvy 8 to %e *ealous 5 Sa (v) 8 %end down

5 Sa#e 8 trem%le 8 shiver

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Lesson 3: I8 9% &y R,dyard Giling

9 Vocabulary

5 "rium% 8 victor! 5&ive way to 8 Stop resisting

5a#e allowance for 8 to consider something

5$irtue 8 ?ood %ehavior and attitude ≠ vice

5Foes 8 enem!

5!m%ostor 8 a person who pretends to %e someone else to deceive people

"o%ic 5;o !ou think that morals are essential to succeed in lifeH .rite a paragraph to e7press !our opinion$

5ow can !ou deal with lifes pro%lemsH 3eing patient

onest

-ourageous

-ool

Prudent

/ccepting loss and gain

/void violence %! tolerance

Peace is %etter than war so tr! to %e a peaceful man$

The most important values people should respect$

Solidarit! is a no%le reaction which strengthens relationships %etween people in different countries.

Lesson ): E/odriing

)1(ow to save energ!$ ?ive tips 0 pieces of advice on how to save energ!$ .hat should

we doH

5/ dripping hot water tap wastes energ! and in one week wastes enough hot water to fill half a %ath so

fi7 leaking taps and make sure the!re full! turned off $

5Gnl! %oil as much water as !ou need$

5/lwa!s turn off the lights when !ou leave a room$

5;ont leave appliances on stand%! and remem%er not to leave appliances on charge unnecessaril!$

9C



)9(/dvise people on ecodriving: ow to drive while economi2ing energ!" saving mone!

and protecting the environment>>$$what should we doH

The responsi%ilit! of the great pu%lic to save the environment$

5 would reduce m! consumption of water $

5 would save energ!$

5 would use non5 polluting means of transport$ 5Share m! *ourne!s when possi%le$

5Service the car regularl! and maintain the right t!re pressure$

5=se m! air conditioning sparingl!$

5Remove roof racks when not in use as the! significantl! increase air resistance and fuel consumption$

!olutions

"reen peacePublic#ndustryThe governmentEnvironmental$angers

5.riting ads in

which the!sensiti2e people

to the negative

effects of

pollution on

peoples health$

5Speech or T,

programs$

5=se non

pollutingtransport$

5Reuse %ottles

and dont throw

awa! things

which can %e used

again$

5To filter to7ic

fumes$ 5Reuse and

rec!cle the

ru%%ish$

53uilding

industries far

awa! from the

populated areas$

5egislate laws to

fine people when the!throw ru%%ish in the

street$

5Sensiti2e people on

the media$

Pollution

5Protecting

some t!pes of

animals which

%ecome

endangered$

5?ive a good

wa! to nourish

animals$

5water plants

5To filter to7ic

fumes which

cause animals

and even plants

death

53anning hunting$

5Push people to

plant more trees$

%nimal and plants

e&tinction

/ds$and T,

programs to

convene people

to economi2e

water

#conomi2ing

water and energ!

consumption$

5;ecrease

consuming energ!

in industr!$

5Protect the

resources like water

and petrol$

!carcity o' naturalresources

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Lesson . 21 : Ur>an E?od,s9

9rban eodus: moving from the town to the countr!$

Rural eodus: moving from the countr! to the cit!$

9 Vocabulary:

5Pea# (n) 8highest level$

5$ibrant (ad*) 8 e7citing$

5=ife e%ectancy (n) 8num%er of !ears a person is likel! to live$

5 decade (n) 81O !ears 0 a centur! 8 1OO !ears 0 a millennium 8 1OOO !ears$58utlive (v) 8live longer

56ecline (n+v) 8decrease

9E



5<oomin (ad*) 8growing" %eing successful$

9 Gammar:

'3oth Cdes%iteE and CaltouE are con*unctions used to e7press -G<TR/ST$

/0e$g$: /lthough he is ill" he comes to school$

ltou + clause 1 + clause 2$30e$g$ ;espite his illness" he comes to school$

Gr he comes to school" despite his illness$

6es%ite + noun + clause 8R clause + des%ite +noun$

'the same form is used to have a parallel structure 8a %arallelism.

#$g$: the! en*o! %etter health" longer life and lower crime$

ere the structure Xcom%arative + noun; is repeated$

(ountry li'e

%dvantages dra)backs

'a higher rate of life e7pectanc!: people inthe countr!side live longer %ecause the! are

healthier$

'a sense of communit! %etween the

inha%itants: the! have a more sociall!

vi%rant life$

'a clean air and a %etter 6ualit! of water

%ecause there is less pollution$

'a clean environment and an ecologicall!

health! atmosphere$

'fewer means of entertainment$'fewer means of transport$

'fewer amenities$

'the %ad 6ualit! of streets$

'%oring$

The city to)n li'e

%dvantages dra)backs'interesting life with more means

of entertainment$

'eas! transport

'%etter *o% and stud!

opportunities$

'traffic *am$

'polluted air and water$

'nois!$

'crowded

'dangerous with higher rates of crime$

'more accidents$

9 0ossible topics:o .hich do !ou prefer" countr! life or cit! lifeH .h!H

o /re !ou for or against ur%an e7odusH .h!H .rite a paragraph to state !our viewpoint and support

it with convincing arguments$

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Lesson 0 222: A 'E*SCAST9

9 Vocab:5 7ri%%led 8 damaged$

5 3am%ered 8 made more difficult$

5 "o siver 8 to trem%le" to shake$

5 (ndanered 8 threatened$

9F



5 Plummetin 8 dropping rapidl!$

5 dri44le8 a light rain

5 "o %our 8 to rain heavil! Qits raining cats and dogsV

5 tic# mist 8 fog$

9GRAMMAR: +$e passi)e

'9se: we use the passive form when we dont know the doer of the action or when the action is more

im portant than the doer$

#$g$: 5 ;rivers are asked to take care$

5 / state of emergenc! was declared$

Structure :object + to be /in te tense of te active verb) + %ast %artici%le

<Units o# measurement:

' Temperature: degree -elsius$ 0 ;egree ahrenheit$

' ;istance and length: the foot" the inch" !ard" mile$'.eight 0 mass: stone" pound" ounce$

4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

Lesson 220: StaF Manageent

#mplo!ment5 related words:

' Staff 8 all the workers emplo!ed in an organi2ation$

' To manage 8 to run

' The manager 8 the %oss" the chief" the emplo!er$

' To dismiss 8 to fire" to sack" to force someone to leave a *o%' .age 8 salar!" pa!$

' -ompan! 8 firm$

9Vocabulary:

5 To %e keen 8 to %e interested$

5 ?oing green 8 concerned with the protection of the environment$

5 =tterl! 8 completel!$

5 Strike 8 refuse to work as a protest$

5 -ulprit 8 person or thing causing a pro%lem or crime$5 /sset 8 valua%le" useful person or thing$

5 To reckon 8 to think$

9Grammar: parallelism:

#$g$: like not onl! reading novels %ut also watching films$

The structure: Qv + in + nounE is repeated

5 Such reforms help reduce povert! and improve peoples life$

The structure Qbare infinitive + nounE is repeated$

5 Shakespeare wrote comedies" tragedies" romances and historical pla!s$

"e structure Plural nounE is repeated$$

9 0ossible topics.

9I



1) 0rite an article about bad * %oor staff manaementA %roblems wic may eist between manaers

and em%loyeesA and its im%lications on te com%any.

Aanagers attitudes #mplo!ees feelings

5dont encourage their emplo!ees$

5fail to keep them interested$

5don trust them$

5dont respect them

5dont care a%out them as people

5threaten to fire them

5 ;emotivated to work

5 ;isappointed$

5 Ph!sicall! present" %ut ps!chologicall! a%sent

5Threaten to strike

-onse6uent effects on the compan!$ -risis" low productivit!" underperformance$

2) 3ow sould em%loyers and em%loyees beave towards eac oters

5 There should e7ist a mutual respect among them$5 The emplo!er should consider his workers as human %eings" not as machines and should treat them in

the same wa!$

5 The emplo!er should punish the worker if he underperforms and should reward and encourage him if he

is competent$

5 The emplo!ee should work seriousl!" consider the compan! as his own and care a%out its future$

5 3oth the %oss and the worker should communicate with each others and there should e7ist a dialogue

%etween them$

Lesson 4 232: o> ads9

ooking for a *o%" !oung graduates read *o% ads which contain the position offered" the re6uirements

(needed 6ualities) and the advantages of the advertised *o%$

Bcollocation:

5 seek 0 look for 0 search a *o%$ D -ultural tourism$

5 to %e proficient at #nglish$ D Team leader$

5 /pplication form$ D Personal office$

5 igh56ualit! research$ D -losing date$

5 -areer path 5 Wo% ads$

B%airs of synonyms:

5 Seeking 8 looking for$ 5commitment 8 willingness to work hard

5 Proficient 8 e7perienced$ 5potential 8 6ualities$

5 -, 8 %io data$ 5closing date 8 deadline$

5 Per annum 8 per !ear$ 5/pplicant 8 candidate$

uggeste! 7riting:

9K



Byou ave just com%leted your university studies. 7oose an advertised job and write a letter to

a%%ly for it. "al# about te reasons for your writinA mention your GualificationsA %ersonal and

%ysical GualitiesA e%erience and s%ecial acievements in tat domain.

Formal layout:

/$ The senders address$3$ ;ate$

-$ <ame and address of the receiver$

;$ The opening (;ear sir0madam0 receivers name)$

#$ The lettre 0 the %od!$

$ The closing (!ours faithfull! 0 sincerel! 0 trul!)

?$ Signature$

$ The senders name in %lock letters$

#$g$: Pupils writing

Revolution Street Harat IJ2I

J2*JK*2J1J

iddle (ast virtual scool.

21 ,obel StreetA =ondon$

6ear Sir"

n repla! to !our advertisement in the QTimeV newspaper for an #nglish teacher" would like to %e

considered for the position$

The 6ualifications !ou ask for are closel! related to those have$ have a doctorate in #nglish with

a certificate in translation from #nglish to rench$ have also replaced a teacher for F months" and have

worked in a translation office for 9 !ears$ or the social 6ualifications" am a man with great a%ilities tocommunicate speciall! with kids who were the main thesis in m! doctorate$

or using the computer" have a diploma in using all the windows and of course am e7cellent at using

the net$$

hope that !ou will consider m! application favora%l! and am waiting for !our answer as soon as

possi%le

Lours faitful.

(Signature)

L(, ,??R.

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Bor arts st,dents: session 23) #Te Ri/er@ Teoorer%

0ords related to ricness 0ords related to %overty

rich0the haves0wealth!0fortunate0

lu7urious

affluent0comforta%le0well5to5do$

5the have5nots0poor0%adl!5

off0%roke0impoveriched0need!0penniless0penurious0short

0tight0Vto live in ragsV

Bvocabulary

9N



0ord ntonyms

To save To waste

Sorrow Wo!

eel happ! To grieve(v) grief(n)

-ritici2e Praise

To den! To confess$

Bor arts st,dents: session 4 2";:%A Se/ret Bor T!o%

&y JUE'TI' RE$'OL(S' )ocabulary:

5an7ious (ad*) 8 worried (ad*)

5/n7iet! (n) 8 worr! (n)

5to retire 8 to 6uit ones *o% %ecause of old age 0 retirement (n)

5to %e panic5stricken 8 to %e e7tremel! shocked

5wear! (ad*) 8 e7tremel! tired

5deli%eratel! 8 on purpose ≠ accidentall!

5to mirror 8 to reflect

5to pass awa! 8 to die$

4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

Bor art st,dents: session 1; 2") #*at a *onder8,l*orldK%

Bvocabulary:

5optimistic 8 hopeful ≠ pessimistic 8 hopeless" desperate (ad*) despair (n)

5to %e fascinated 8 to %e impressed

5marvels (n) 8 marvelous (ad*)

5sacred 8 hol!$

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

'ith my best wishes of success in the e!am( 9our English teacher %rs( "eila "aCghab( Darat F G FHG FF

0ord synonyms

To race To move fast

Sorrow Sadness

To emplo! To hire

Precious ,alua%le

#conomicall! rugall!$

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