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Backcountry First Aid Prevention, Triage and Treatment Montana Equine Medical and Surgical Center Al Flint DVM, PhD
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Page 1: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Backcountry First Aid Prevention, Triage and Treatment

Montana Equine Medical and Surgical Center

Al Flint DVM, PhD

Page 2: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Prior Planning Prevents …….

Page 3: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Prevention

Trip Duration

Trail Conditions

Correct Fitting Tack

Fitness

Know the limitations of you and your stock

Page 4: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Prevention

Check under the hood

Lameness issues

Worn equipment

Page 5: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Preparation

First Aid Kit

Know the signs and symptoms

Acquire and keep current your skill set

Page 6: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death
Page 7: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Lameness

What and Where

Page 8: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

The Bone Structure

Page 9: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Scapula

Humerus

Ulna

Radius

Carpal bones

Metacarpus

Shoulder

Elbow

Carpus

Distal Extremity

Page 10: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Distal

Extremity

Fetlock

Pastern

Coffin

Proximal Sesamoid

Proximal Phalanx

Middle Phalanx

Distal Phalanx

Page 11: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death
Page 12: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Distal

Extremity

Fetlock

Pastern

Coffin

Proximal Sesamoid

Proximal Phalanx

Middle Phalanx

Distal Phalanx

Page 13: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Soft Tissue Structure

Page 14: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Musculature

Shoulder

Elbow

Carpus

Distal Extremity

Page 15: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Musculature

Page 16: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Stifle

Page 17: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Distal

Extremity

Suspensory Ligament

Deep Flexor Tendon

Superficial Flexor Tendon

Page 18: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

A Story of lumps, bumps, heat and swelling

Page 19: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Effusion vs.. Edema

Both are valuable diagnostic tools

Page 20: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Edema vs.. Effusion

Page 21: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Edema vs.. Effusion

Page 22: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Characterizing: Foot Flight and Head Bob

Page 23: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Left Front Lameness

Page 24: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Left Hind Lameness

Page 25: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Regionalizing Pain

Page 26: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death
Page 27: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death
Page 28: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Common things are Common

85% of lameness is at or below the fetlock

Page 29: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Common Problems

Stone Bruise

Sole Abscess

Heel Pain

Bowed tendon

Fracture

Page 30: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Treating

Using symptomatic therapy to get you home

Page 31: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Treatment

Basics

Decrease swelling/inflammation

Support

Page 32: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Swelling

Initial injury

24-36 hrs cold therapy

Anti-inflammatories

Bute

Surpass

Chronic Therapy

Heat

Anti-inflammatories

Page 33: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Support

Wrapping

Minimize Swelling

Soft tissue healing

Padding is Critical

Page 34: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Wrapping Video

Page 35: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Feet No Foot No Horse

Page 36: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Common Problems

Stone Bruise

Abscess

Laminitis

Coffin Bone Fracture

Page 37: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Stone Bruise

Deep contusion to a bone and/or associated soft

tissue

Acute lameness

Short duration

Sore to hoof tester

Point Location

Soft sole but no soft spot

Page 38: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Stone Bruise

Not Serious

Treatment

Cold therapy

NSAID’s

Padding if needed

Page 39: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Abscess

Acute severe lameness

Fracture lame

7-30 day duration

Very sore to hoof tester

Point location

Soft spot in the sole

Page 40: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Abscess

Pare out if indicated

Soak

Strong betadine /

Epsom salt

15-20 min until

resolved

Over coronary band

Page 41: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Abscess

No antibiotics

Lengthens treatment

Unless secondary swelling and infection

Then PPG for 7 -10 days

30-40ml 2 times daily

NSAID’s

Controversial

Page 42: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Foot bandage

Pack and wrap

Sugar-dine

Icthamal

Dmso/Furisone

Number 3-4 diaper

Duct tape

Page 43: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Laminitis

Mild to severe

lameness

Rocked back

appearance

Sore to hoof tester

Coffin bone

perimeter

Elevated heart rate

Increased digital pulse

Page 44: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Laminitis

Page 45: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Treatment

Cold therapy

NSAID’s

Decrease pain

Decrease inflammation

Support boney column

Sand stall

Foam board and duct tape

Rest

Page 46: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death
Page 47: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Wounds

Location, Location, Location ……….

Page 48: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Which is Worse ?

Page 49: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Evaluation

Page 50: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Deep Structures

Page 51: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Deep Structures

Page 52: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Wound Treatment

Infection

Irrigate, Irrigate, Irrigate

Clean Water

Antiseptic Solutions

Betadine, Chlorhexidine

Infection occurs in 6 hours

2 – 4 – 16 – 256 – 65,536 – 4,294,967,296

Vaccination

Antibiotics

Topical, Oral, IM, IV

Page 53: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Wound Treatment

Closure

Primary Healing

Sutures, Staples

Secondary Healing

Wrapping

Page 54: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Hemorrhage

How much is too much ……..

Page 55: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Blood Loss

Total Blood Volume

8 – 10 % of body weight

1000 lb horse = 450kg

36 – 45 L

A total loss of 1/10

3.6 – 4.5 L

Over a Gallon

Page 56: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Treating Hemorrhage

Stop the Flow

Most stop spontaneously

Arterial vs. Venous

Color and Flow

Apply Pressure

Page 57: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Fractures

Not all are Fatal

Page 58: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Signs

Swelling

Severe lameness

Page 59: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Treatments

Bute

Up to 2 grams twice a day

Stabilize

Bandage

Splint

Joint above and a Joint below

Page 60: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death
Page 61: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Eyes

What to look for ……..

Page 62: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

The Equine Eye

Page 63: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Common Injuries

Eyelid Lacerations

Corneal Trauma

Squinting

Excessive Tearing

Swelling

Page 64: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Corneal Trauma

Page 65: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Corneal trauma

Page 66: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Eye Lid Laceration

Page 67: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Eye Treatments

Clean Wounds with Saline

Use Only Ophthalmic Antibiotics

No Steroids

Page 68: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Tying up

More than sore muscles

Page 69: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Factors

Out of Shape

Dehydration

Excessive grains

Muscle Disease

Page 70: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Signs

Lethargy, Trembling

Stiffness, Sweating

Soreness along top line

Red – Brown urine

Page 71: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Treatment

Prevention

Know your horses limits

Encourage to drink

Try to keep Standing

Don’t Force to Walk

Avoid Medications

Bute/ Banamine

Page 72: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death
Page 73: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Colic

Not all belly aches are created equal

Page 74: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Colic Is….

General abdominal pain

The number 1 killer of horses

Mostly mild (90-98%)

Preventable

Page 75: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Colic IS NOT….

A disease

Strictly GI related

Predictable by its signs

Page 76: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Signs and Symptoms

Leaving Food

Flank Watching

Pawing

Biting/kicking at the belly

Stretching out

Abnormal head position

Page 77: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Signs and Symptoms

Repeated laying down

Repeated rolling

Inappropriate

Bowel movement

Sweating

Tachycardia (increased heart rate)

Tachypnea (increased respiratory rate)

Page 78: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Signs Increased Heart Rate

>60 resting

Increased Respiratory Rate

>20 Resting

Flank Watching

Kicking at the belly

Up and Down / Rolling

Page 79: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Important Information

Take Heart Rate

Note Gum Color

Note Gum Moisture

Note Capillary Refill

Time (1-2 sec)

Page 80: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Prevention

Maintain Hydration

Consistent Diet

Page 81: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Treatment

500 mg (10ml) Banamine

1 – 2 grams Bute

Walking

Hold Feed

Page 82: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

When is it serious

Minimal response to Pain Meds

Overt Pain

Resting Heart Rate > 80

Page 83: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

GI Dysfunction

Gas

Impaction

Motility disorders

Page 84: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

GI Accident

Loss of blood flow

Entrapment

Strangulation

Twist

Page 85: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Choke

When what goes down gets stuck

Page 86: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Signs

Distress

Coughing

Stretching neck out

Feed coming from the nose

Page 87: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Treatment

Preventing Aspiration

Keep Head Down

Massage Neck

Pass a Tube

Start on antibiotics

Hold Feed

Page 88: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death
Page 89: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Restraint Safe Handling of a flight animal

Page 90: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Restraint

Physical

Twitch

Foot rope

Chemical

Oral

Injectable

Page 91: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Physical Restraint

Halter

Twitch

Shoulder

Lip

Ear

Foot rope

Page 92: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Chemical Restraint

Acepromazine

Injectable

IM, IV

Oral

Alpha 2’s

Combine with opioids

Injectable

IM, IV

Oral

Page 93: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

First Aid Kit

What you need to get it done

Page 94: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Euthanasia The means to an end

Page 95: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Euthanasia

Ability to induce loss of consciousness and death

without causing pain, distress, anxiety, or

apprehension;

Time required to induce loss of consciousness;

Reliable, safe and irreversible

Safety for predators/scavengers should the

carcass be consumed.

Page 96: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Euthanasia

Methods

Chemical

Barbituate over-dose

Gunshot

cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be

disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of

consciousness and subsequent death

Exangunation

Page 97: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

Duct Tape and Baling Wire

Use what is available

Creek water for cold therapy, and irrigation

Duct Tape

Clean cotton rags can be used as dressings

Sugar can clean an infected wound

Small poles, 1 inch board

Page 98: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

In the Kit

Antiseptic

Betadine,

Chlorhexidine

Antibiotics

SMZ’s

Anti – inflammatories

Bute and Banamine

Gloves

Needles and Syringes

Skin Stapler

Local Anesthetic

Bandage Materials

Cotton Padding

Vet wrap

Telfa

Gauze

Roll Gauze

Eye Ointment

Page 99: Backcountry First Aid - Montana Equine · Gunshot cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem must be disrupted by the projectile to induce sudden loss of consciousness and subsequent death

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