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• Safe and Secure Environment is a sector within the Strategic Framework for Stabilization and Reconstruction.
• The Strategic Framework is the foundation for the research of the Governance in Security and Development (GISD) project.
• Objective of GISD is to assist Civil Affairs stand up new governance specialty, 38G.
• One sub-specialty of 38G will focus on developing safe and secure environments.
• This IPR Workshop enables the project to “drill down” into what a 38G SSE sub-specialty looks like.
Function of a SSE System
In a relevant operating environment, the goals of SSE activities are to provide a level of safety and security that is acceptable to the local population.
Key Processes of an SSE System1. Establishment and maintenance of peace (public order)
- Radical de-escalation of violence
2. Disarmament and Demobilization of relevant armed groups- Combatants in a post-conflict situation- Criminals and vigilantes in a post-crisis situation
3. Reintegration of relevant groups into normal society- Usually combined with 2. above, but vastly different
4. Reestablish and, where necessary, reform the indigenous security forces
- Considered Security Sector Reform in literature- Mainly accomplished thru training and education
5. Execute 1 – 4 in a manner that supports the other four sectors
Cessation/ De-escalation
Disarm &Demobilize
Reintegrate
Reestablish &Reform
Safe &Secure
Environment
AcceptableSense ofSecurity
Doctrine
Inte
rnat
iona
l
Law Rul
es o
f
Engag
emen
t
Forces
Stakeholders
Media
Resources(e.g. $$$)
OtherSectors
The Safe and Secure Environment System (simplified)
Each represents a summary of three forces:
- The Unification Force (Coherence)- of Command- of Effort- of Goals
- The Organization Force (de-coherence)- of priorities- of culture
- The Personality Force (either)- of leaders- of stakeholders
Who is involved?Who are Stakeholders?
Military Command
Operating Environment
JOA, AOR, JSOA, etc.
Indigenous Population
Host Nation
Interagency
Insurgent
Insurgent
NGOs
NGOs
Press
Press
Contractor
Contractor
Terrorists
Terrorists
OtherInterestedNations
OtherInterestedNations
LocalInterestGroups
LocalInterestGroups
IntelligenceCommunity
IntelligenceCommunity
What Level of Security for safe and secure environments?
National
Provincial/State
Community
Neighborhood
Self
Planetary
Environmental Security
Physical Security
Human Security
What Kind/Type of Security for safe and secure environments?
Economic Security
Cultural Security
Social Security
National
Provincial/State
Community
Neighborhood
Self
Planetary
Political Security
Logistical Security
Info Security
Governmental Security
Religious Security
Military
Police
Populace
Who provides security for safe and secure environments?
National
Provincial/State
Community
Neighborhood
Self
Planetary
Militias
Government (non-military)
Leaders
Two Major SSE Challenges
1. Capturing and summarizing the kinds/types of security- Objective is to identify 38G security specialties
2. Answering the question: For what group are we providing a safe and security environment?
- The State?- The People?- Both?
Summarizing Types of Security: A Strawman
• Guiding Principles mentions two types:- Territorial- Physical
• We found twelve possible types (not comprehensive)
• Overlap- Territorial becomes Physical- Physical becomes Human Security
• Physical/territorial security includes the following:- Logistical security
• Human security includes the following:- Social security- Religious security- Cultural security- Personal security
Summarizing Types of Security: A Strawman: cont’d
• Economic security is a cross-cutting type that requires collaboration with the economic/infrastructure sector
• Political security is a cross-cutting type that requires collaboration with the governance and rule of law sectors
• Environmental security – assuring a sustained natural resource base that enables a people and state to flourish
- This is a new component of SSE
• Information security – assuring information as means, media and message content for both the state and the populace is protected
- This is a new component of SSE
Summarizing the SSE types to identify Specialties
• Physical Security- focused mainly on security for the state
• Human Security- focused mainly on security for the people
• Environmental Security- focused mainly security for the natural resource base
• Information Security- focused on both state and populace protecting their data- Includes all aspects of information
- Means, Media, Message (content)
Physical Security Specialty
Description: Primarily based on existing military specialties, especially infantry, military police, engineers, intelligence and medical service corps relevant MOSs and levels. Can include civilian specialties like SWAT teams, private security firm management (e.g. CEO, COO), and police leadership and administration (e.g. see RoL descriptions).
Qualifications: For military related specialties, consult appropriate MOS qualification standards, including educational standards. For civilian specialties, consult requirements expressed as resumes for security managers (following slide).
Human Security SpecialtyDescription: Consult security manager resume as part, but alsoincludes study and experience with social work, social and economicdevelopment, cultural (especially religious) studies, and cultural/historical heritage/archaeological subjects. This is a specialtythat probably requires sub-specialty discussion. The common threadis the necessity for security management education/experience.
Qualifications: The security manager qualifications no longer aresufficient. Must have at least a B.A./B.S. in a security-related discipline/cross-discipline. For sub-specialties, and advanced degreewith accompanying work experience is required.
Environmental Security Specialty
Description: Consult job descriptions for Health, Safety andEnvironmental (HSES) managers (read following slide for Illustration.) This is incomplete, however. Also consult jobdescriptions for Natural Resources Manager (accompanyingWord document.) However, the core description remains thatof Security Manager.
Qualifications: the Natural Resources Manager descriptionprovides a good basis for developing levels. Also, the illustrativeHSES PD also provides a private sector view of what qualificationsare necessary for this specialty.
Information Security SpecialtyDescription: Provides expert advice and counsel concerning any andall aspects of Information, including communications, computers, networks, and software. Examples from civilian sector abound. Thereare also three general levels in the IT field: Security Manager, SecurityDirector, and Chief Information Officer. These fit nicely with the 38GBasic, Master, and Expert levels.
Qualifications: These include a basic degree in the IT field,a minimum of 3 years relevant experience, with advancedlevels requiring advanced degrees in business and increasedrelevant job experience. In this case,Formal certification should be considered mandatory (e.g. CISSM, CISP, GIAC (some form thereof)
(Three PDs – one for each level – are provided separately)
Security for Whose safe and secure environment?
This is a major question within the Security literature.
• State security means a predominance of military, paramilitary, militia and police forces.
- Mainly oriented to Physical Security- Also keeping Public Order at expense of Person- Includes US Population Resource Control concept
State Security
• People or Populace Security means predominance of local civilian authorities
- Community/neighborhood- oriented policing,- Neighborhood organizations- Social intervention
• Not necessarily opposed, but often is the case.- if State over Populace, foundation for Insurgency and worse- if Populace over State, foundation for regime change.
Populace/People Security