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Citation:

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. The 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey Volume One: Foods Eaten. Department of Health and Ageing, Canberra, 2012

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mailto:[email protected]


The 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey

Volume One: Foods Eaten

Prepared by:

Dr Jane Bowen1, BSc, BNut&Diet (Hons), PhDDr Malcolm Riley1, BSc (Hons), DipNutrDiet, PhDJulie Syrette1, BScDanielle Baird1, BNut&Diet (Hons) Mary Barnes2, BAppSc(Hons), GDipMathsProf Ian Saunders2, BA (Hons) DipMathStats PhD

Acknowledgements

Dr Nadia Corsini1, BPsyc (Hons), PhDKylie Lange3 BSc(Ma&CompSci)(Hons)

1 CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, 2 CSIRO Mathematics Informatics and Statistics, 3The University of Adelaide, Discipline of Medicine

This work is one in a series of publications made under the Additional Analyses and Reporting of Results from the 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey project, and created under contract by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation as contract material for the Department of Health and Ageing.

Important Disclaimer

The Commonwealth of Australia advises that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information without first seeking expert professional, scientific and technical advice.

To the extent permitted by law, the Commonwealth of Australia (including its employees and officers) and its contractor CSIRO exclude all liability to any person for any consequences, including but not limited to all losses, damages, costs, expenses and any other compensation, arising directly or indirectly from using this publication (in part or in whole), and any information or material contained in it, in any way.

Enquires about obtaining a copy of this report should be directed by post to:

The Director – Nutrition SectionDepartment of Health and AgeingGPO Box 9848Canberra ACT 2601Phone: (02) 6289 1555Email: [email protected]

Enquiries about the analyses or results presented in this report should be directed to:

Julie SyretteCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationPO Box 10041Adelaide SA 5000Phone: (08) 8303 8800Fax: (08) 8303 8899Email: [email protected]



ContentsForeword and acknowledgements.................................................11. Background information........................................................4

1.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................41.2 Related reports........................................................................................................5

2. Summary of findings.............................................................82.1 Foods consumed: major food groups.......................................................................82.2 Food consumed: sub major food groups................................................................14

2.2.1 Cereal and cereal products..................................................................................142.2.2 Cereal based products and dishes.......................................................................172.2.3 Fruit products and dishes.....................................................................................172.2.4 Vegetable products and dishes............................................................................202.2.5 Milk products and dishes......................................................................................232.2.6 Meat, poultry and game products and dishes......................................................262.2.7 Fish and seafood products and dishes.................................................................292.2.8 Fats and oils.........................................................................................................292.2.9 Non-alcoholic beverages......................................................................................32

2.3 Portion size............................................................................................................352.3.1 Portion size estimates..........................................................................................352.3.2 Comparison of portion size with recommendations..............................................37

2.4 Time of consumption..............................................................................................382.5 Meal time...............................................................................................................392.6 Place of consumption.............................................................................................41

3. Tabulations and figures.......................................................423.1 Foods consumed...................................................................................................423.2 Portion size............................................................................................................693.3 Time of consumption..............................................................................................993.4 Meal time.............................................................................................................1173.5 Place of consumption...........................................................................................128

Explanatory notes....................................................................150Abbreviations..........................................................................161APPENDIX 1 Food groups..........................................................162APPENDIX 2 Unweighted cell counts..........................................166APPENDIX 3 Statistical analyses................................................178APPENDIX 4 Food groups for portion size comparison................195Glossary..................................................................................196References...............................................................................201

List of Figures

Figure 2.1 Proportion of children aged 2–3 years consuming from major food groups on the day of the survey, presented for males and females..................................................................10

Figure 2.2 Proportion of children aged 4–8 years consuming from major food groups on the day of the survey, presented for males and females..................................................................10

Figure 2.3 Proportion of children aged 9–13 years consuming from major food groups on the day of the survey, presented for males and females...........................................................11

Figure 2.4 Proportion of children aged 14–16 years consuming from major food groups on the day of the survey, presented for males and females...........................................................11

Figure 2.5 Mean intake for major food groups on the day of the survey, presented for males and females aged 2–3 years (average grams per person – consumers only)............................12

Figure 2.6 Mean intake for major food groups on the day of the survey, presented for males and females aged 4–8 years (average grams per person – consumers only)............................12

Figure 2.7 Mean intake for major food groups on the day of the survey, presented for males and females aged 9–13 years (average grams per person – consumers only)..........................13

Figure 2.8 Mean intake for major food groups on the day of the survey, presented for males and females aged 14–16 years (average grams per person – consumers only)........................13

Figure 2.9 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of cereal and cereal products, presented for males and females aged 2–3 years (average grams per person – all respondents)....................................................................................................................... 15




Figure 2.13 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of fruit products and dishes, presented for males and females aged 2–3 years (average grams per person – all respondents)....................................................................................................................... 18




Figure 2.17 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of vegetable products and dishes, presented for males and females aged 2–3 years (average grams per person – all respondents)....................................................................................................................... 21


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Figure 2.21 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of milk products and dishes, presented for males and females aged 2–3 years (average grams per person – all respondents)....................................................................................................................... 24




Figure 2.25 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of meat, poultry and game products and dishes, presented for males and females aged 2–3 years (average grams per person – all respondents)...................................................................................................................27

Figure 2.26 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of meat, poultry and game products and dishes, presented for males and females aged 4–8 years (average grams per person – all respondents)...................................................................................................................27

Figure 2.27 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of meat, poultry and game products and dishes, presented for males and females aged 9–13 years (average grams per person – all respondents)................................................................................................................28

Figure 2.28 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of meat, poultry and game products and dishes, presented for males and females aged 14–16 years (average grams per person – all respondents)....................................................................................................28

Figure 2.29 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of fats and oils, presented for males and females aged 2–3 years (average grams per person – all respondents).....................30

Figure 2.30 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of fats and oils, presented for males and females aged 4–8 years (average grams per person – all respondents).....................30

Figure 2.31 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of fats and oils, presented for males and females aged 9–13 years (average grams per person – all respondents)...................31

Figure 2.32 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of fats and oils, presented for males and females aged 14–16 years (average grams per person – all respondents)..................31

Figure 2.33 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of non-alcoholic beverages, presented for males and females aged 2–3 years (average grams per person – consumers only).................................................................................................................................... 33

Figure 2.34 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of non-alcoholic beverages, presented for males and females aged 4–8 years (average grams per person – consumers only).................................................................................................................................... 33

Figure 2.35 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of non-alcoholic beverages, presented for males and females aged 9–13 years (average grams per person – consumers only).................................................................................................................. 34

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Figure 2.36 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of non-alcoholic beverages, presented for males and females aged 14–16 years (average grams per person – consumers only).................................................................................................................. 34

Figure 2.37 Mean portion size (grams per eating occasion for consumers only) for dairy milk by age category for males and females...................................................................................35

Figure 2.38 Mean portion size (grams per eating occasion for consumers only) by age category for regular breads for males and females............................................................................36

Figure 3.1 Cereal and cereal products: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group...................................................................................99

Figure 3.2 Cereal-based products and dishes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group.........................................................................100

Figure 3.3 Fats and oils: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group..............................................................................................................101

Figure 3.4 Seed and nut products and dishes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group.........................................................................102

Figure 3.5 Vegetable products and dishes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group.................................................................................103

Figure 3.6 Fruit products and dishes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group.................................................................................104

Figure 3.7 Legume and pulse products and dishes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group.................................................................105

Figure 3.8 Non-alcoholic beverages: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group.................................................................................106

Figure 3.9 Meat, poultry and game products and dishes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group.........................................................107

Figure 3.10 Fish and seafood products and dishes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group.................................................................108

Figure 3.11 Egg products and dishes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group.................................................................................109

Figure 3.12 Milk products and dishes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group.................................................................................110

Figure 3.13 Soup: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group..................................................................................................................... 111

Figure 3.14 Savoury sauces and condiments: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group.........................................................................112

Figure 3.15 Dairy substitutes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group.....................................................................................................113

Figure 3.16 Snack foods: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group..............................................................................................................114

Figure 3.17 Confectionery: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group.....................................................................................................115

Figure 3.18 Sugar products and dishes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group.................................................................................116

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List of Tables

Table 3.1 Mean intake of selected major and sub major food groups: males by age group.......42

Table 3.2 Mean intake of selected major and sub major food groups: females by age group....45

Table 3.3 Mean intake of selected major and sub major food groups: all children by age group............................................................................................................................................ 48

Table 3.4 Mean intake of selected major and sub major food groups (consumers only): males by age group............................................................................................................................ 51

Table 3.5 Mean intake of selected major and sub major food groups (consumers only): females by age group....................................................................................................................... 54

Table 3.6 Mean intake of selected major and sub major food groups (consumers only): all children by age group..........................................................................................................57

Table 3.7 Persons consuming selected major and sub major food groups: males by age group............................................................................................................................................ 60

Table 3.8 Persons consuming selected major and sub major food groups: females by age group............................................................................................................................................ 63

Table 3.9 Persons consuming selected major and sub major food groups: all children by age group................................................................................................................................... 66

Table 3.10 Mean portion size of selected major and sub major food groups: males by age group (consumers only).................................................................................................................69

Table 3.11 Mean portion size of selected major and sub major food groups: females by age group (consumers only)......................................................................................................72

Table 3.12 Mean portion size of selected major and sub major food groups: all children by age group (consumers only)......................................................................................................75

Table 3.13 Median portion size of selected major and sub major food groups: males by age group (consumers only)......................................................................................................78

Table 3.14 Median portion size of selected major and sub major food groups: females by age group (consumers only)......................................................................................................81

Table 3.15 Median portion size of selected major and sub major food groups: all children by age group (consumers only)......................................................................................................84

Table 3.16 Mode portion size of selected major and sub major food groups: males by age group (consumers only).................................................................................................................87

Table 3.17 Mode portion size of selected major and sub major food groups: females by age group (consumers only)......................................................................................................90

Table 3.18 Mode portion size of selected major and sub major food groups: all children by age group (consumers only)......................................................................................................93

Table 3.19 Median portion size consumed of selected foods compared to serve size in the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE): males by age group – consumers only..........96

Table 3.20 Median portion size consumed of selected foods compared to serve size in the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE): females by age group – consumers only.......97

Table 3.21 Median portion size consumed of selected foods compared to serve size in the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE): all children by age group – consumers only. .98

Table 3.22 Cereal and cereal products: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex.......................................................................................117

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Table 3.23 Cereal-based products and dishes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex..............................................................................117

Table 3.24 Fats and oils: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex............................................................................................................118

Table 3.25 Seed and nut products and dishes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex..............................................................................118

Table 3.26 Vegetable products and dishes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex..............................................................................119

Table 3.27 Fruit products and dishes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex.......................................................................................119

Table 3.28 Legume and pulse products and dishes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex.....................................................................120

Table 3.29 Non-alcoholic beverages: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex.......................................................................................120

Table 3.30 Meat, poultry and game products and dishes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex.................................................................121

Table 3.31 Fish and seafood products and dishes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex.....................................................................121

Table 3.32 Egg products and dishes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex.......................................................................................122

Table 3.33 Milk products and dishes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex.......................................................................................122

Table 3.34 Soup: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex............................................................................................................................. 123

Table 3.35 Savoury sauces and condiments: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex..............................................................................123

Table 3.36 Dairy substitutes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex............................................................................................................124

Table 3.37 Snack foods: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex................................................................................................................... 124

Table 3.38 Sugar products and dishes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex.......................................................................................125

Table 3.39 Confectionery and cereal/nut/fruit/seed bars: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex.................................................................125

Table 3.40 Alcoholic beverages: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex.......................................................................................126

Table 3.41 Special dietary foods: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex.......................................................................................126

Table 3.42 Miscellaneous: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex............................................................................................................127

Table 3.43 Infant formula: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex............................................................................................................127

Table 3.44 Proportion of non-alcoholic beverages consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group....................................................................................................128

Table 3.45 Proportion of cereal and cereal products consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group....................................................................................................129

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Table 3.46 Proportion of cereal-based products and dishes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group........................................................................................130

Table 3.47 Proportion of fats and oils consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group..........................................................................................................................131

Table 3.48 Proportion of fish and seafood products and dishes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group...................................................................132

Table 3.49 Proportion of fruit products and dishes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group....................................................................................................133

Table 3.50 Proportion of egg products and dishes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group....................................................................................................134

Table 3.51 Proportion of meat, poultry and game products and dishes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group...................................................................135

Table 3.52 Proportion of milk products and dishes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group....................................................................................................136

Table 3.53 Proportion of dairy substitutes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group................................................................................................................... 137

Table 3.54 Proportion of soup consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group................................................................................................................................. 138

Table 3.55 Proportion of seed and nut products and dishes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group........................................................................................139

Table 3.56 Proportion of savoury sauces and condiments consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group........................................................................................140

Table 3.57 Proportion of vegetable products and dishes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group.............................................................................................141

Table 3.58 Proportion of legume and pulse products and dishes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group...................................................................142

Table 3.59 Proportion of snack foods consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group..........................................................................................................................143

Table 3.60 Proportion of sugar products and dishes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group....................................................................................................144

Table 3.61 Proportion of confectionery and cereal/nut/fruit/seed bars consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group...................................................................145

Table 3.62 Proportion of alcoholic beverages consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group............................................................................................................146

Table 3.63 Proportion of special dietary foods consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group............................................................................................................147

Table 3.64 Proportion of miscellaneous consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group................................................................................................................... 148

Table 3.65 Proportion of infant formula consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group..........................................................................................................................149

Table A2.1 Cell counts for children by age group and sex.......................................................166

Table A2.2 Cell counts for child consumers by food group (major and sub major): males by age group................................................................................................................................. 167

Table A2.3 Cell counts for child consumers by food group (major and sub major): females by age group..........................................................................................................................170

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Table A2.4 Cell counts for child consumers by food group (major and sub major): all children by age group..........................................................................................................................173

Table A2.5 Place of consumption - Cell counts for child consumers by major food group, day type, age group and sex breakdown.................................................................................176

Table A3.1 Post-hoc comparisons used for tests of age and sex interaction on food intake....181

Table A3.2 Post-hoc comparisons used for tests of main effects of age group on food intake 181

Table A3.3 Results for statistical analysis of differences in mean intake for each food group (consumers only). Age and sex interactions with post-hoc comparisons, followed by sex then age group main effects with post-hoc comparisons..................................................182

Table A3.4 Results for statistical analysis of differences in the proportion of children consuming each food group, including age and sex interactions with post-hoc comparisons, followed by sex then age group main effects with post-hoc comparisons............................................187

Table A3.5 Results for statistical analysis of differences in mean portion size consumed for each food group, including age and sex interactions with post-hoc comparisons, followed by sex then age group main effects with post-hoc comparisons..................................................191

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FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSDietary intake is a key determinant of health and wellbeing, and overall intake is directly or indirectly related to many chronic diseases in the Australian population. Dietary intake in childhood and adolescence is particularly important not only because of its impact on immediate health, but also because of its impact on physiological development and possible influence on future dietary patterns.

Dietary behaviour is a complex activity encompassing what foods and drinks are consumed, how they are prepared, how much is consumed and with what, and where food and drinks are consumed. The meaning of dietary intake in terms of nutrients consumed is important to assess aspects of dietary adequacy and overconsumption. This description of how the population of Australian children and adolescents consume food and drink will be useful to the public and private sector in assessing how dietary intake is changing, and in working towards improving dietary intake. The information will be of practical use to government policy makers, health professionals, the food and beverage industry and health advocates. Healthy life-long eating habits are important for all Australians.

This publication is one of a series of eight publications which presents data on food and beverage consumption, nutrient intake and physical activity by the Australian population aged 2–16 years. The data are derived from the 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (ANCNPAS) which collected information on food and nutrition, body size and physical activity.

The 2007 ANCNPAS was jointly funded by the Australian Food and Grocery Council, the Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing and the Commonwealth Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. The survey was conducted by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) through its Preventative Health National Research Flagship, and the University of South Australia. The survey fieldwork was undertaken by I-view Pty Ltd. In particular the following persons are thanked for their contribution:

CSIRO Preventative Health National Research FlagshipProfessor Lynne Cobiac (moved to Flinders University at the beginning of 2007) BSc, PhD, MBA (Adv), Post Grad Dip Nut DietDr Jane Bowen, BSc, BNut&Diet (Hons), PhDMs Jill Burnett, BSc, Dip Nut & Diet, DipEdMs Julie Syrette, BScMr James Dempsey, BInfTech(Eng)Mr Shane Bailie, Dip IT (Software Dev)Dr Carlene Wilson, BA (Hons), PhD, MBA, MAPSMs Ingrid Flight, BA, MPHMr Norm Good, Dip ITProf Ian Saunders, BA (Hons), DipMathStats, PhD

2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey: Volume 1 Foods Eaten 1


University of South AustraliaProfessor Timothy Olds, BA (Hon), BSpSc(Dist), PhD(Syd), PhD(UNSW)Dr James Dollman, BS, MSc, DipEd, PhDMr Tim Kupke, BAppSc, BHlthSc (Hons)

I–view Pty LtdMs Kylie Brosnan, BBus, Dip MRSAMr Daniel Pole, BAMs Mary Plumridge

Acknowledgement and thanks are extended to Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) who developed a customised nutrient database for use in the survey and offered expert advice. In particular the following persons are thanked:

FSANZ: Food Composition TeamMs Janis Baines, BA (Hons, Chemistry), MSc (Human Nutrition), Section Manager, Food composition, Evaluation and Modelling Section, FSANZDr Judy Cunningham, BSc (Food Tech), PhD Food Composition StudiesMs Renee Sobolewski, BAppSc (Human Nutrition)Mr Charles Wannop, Database Support, IT Contractor Millpost Technologies Pty Ltd

Acknowledgement and thanks are extended to the following members of the project Steering Group and expert members of the Technical Reference Group:

Steering Group Members:Ms Jenny Bryant, First Assistant Secretary, Population Health Division, Department of Health and AgeingMr Andrew Stuart, former First Assistant Secretary, Population Health Division, Department of Health and AgeingMs Margaret Lyons, former First Assistant Secretary, Population Health Division, Department of Health and AgeingMr Richard Souness, General Manager, Food Policy and Safety Branch, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and ForestryMr Dick Wells, Chief Executive Officer, Australian Food and Grocery Council

Associate members of the Steering Group:Ms Jennifer McDonald, former Assistant Secretary, Population Health Division, Department of Health and AgeingMs Cath Peachey, Acting Assistant Secretary, Population Health Division, Department of Health and AgeingDr Geoffrey Annison, Australian Food and Grocery CouncilDr David Roberts, Australian Food and Grocery CouncilSteering Group Project Officer: Ms Caroline Arthur, Acting Director Nutrition Section, Department of Health and Ageing.



Technical Reference GroupProfessor A. Stewart Truswell, AO, MD, DSC, FRCP, FRACP, FPHN, Emeritus Professor of Human Nutrition, University of SydneyProfessor Katrine Baghurst, BSc, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Department of Medicine, University of AdelaideProfessor Jennie Brand-Miller, BSc (Hons), (Food Tech), PhD, FAIFST, FNSA, Professor of Human Nutrition, University of SydneyMs Ingrid Coles-Rutishauser, BSc (Nutrition), MSc (Epidemiology), RPHNutr, Coles and Rutishauser Consultants

1.


TABULATIONS AND FIGURES

2. Background information

2.1 IntroductionThe 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (ANCNPAS) was conducted between February and September of 2007. Complete datasets from a total of 4487 children aged 2–16 years from across all Australian states and territories were obtained in the survey following parental consent, after being randomly selected to participate on a household basis. Children residing in very remote areas or in households without a fixed telephone line were not included in the survey.

This survey collected the following data:

demographic, including sex, age, state/territory of residence, child’s country of birth, parent(s)/carer(s) education level, household income and Indigenous status,

dietary consumption, including all foods, beverages and dietary supplements consumed using two 24-hour three-pass dietary recalls,

physical activity and sedentary behaviours using four 24-hour recalls, pedometer data measured over six days, anthropometric, including height, weight and waist measurements, and food habit information by questionnaire.

The first 24-hour dietary recall was undertaken during a computer assisted personal interview (CAPI) with a trained interviewer in the participant’s home, followed by the second recall 7–21 days later during a computer assisted telephone interview (CATI). Life in New Zealand dietary recall software (LINZ24©) and a food model booklet were used to assist in recording detail about items consumed.

Nutrient intakes were estimated from the food, beverage and dietary supplement data using the AUSNUT 2007 food composition database developed for this survey by Food Standards Australia New Zealand.

Comprehensive details of the survey methodology and procedures are provided in the 2007 User Guide (CSIRO et al. 2010), available for download from the Australian Social Science Data Archive Website. The User Guide should be referred to in conjunction with this report.

This volume describes the consumption of food and beverages reported using the CAPI collected 24-hour dietary recall and categorised by age and sex group. The results are reported within food categories as:

mean intake (grams) for all participants, median intake (grams) for consumers only, proportion of the sample that consumed each food group, mean portion size (i.e. per eating occasion for consumers only), median portion size (i.e. per eating occasion for consumers only), modal portion size (i.e. per eating occasion for consumers only), intake of major food groups by time of consumption (consumers only),


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intake of major food groups by place of consumption (consumers only), and intake of major food groups by meal time for all participants.

Results are weighted to provide population estimates for the population of Australian children. Mean intake is provided as the mean of all results (including zero values) for foods ‘as consumed’, i.e. cooked weights where relevant. Median intake values are given for those who consumed only (i.e. excludes zero values). Summary indicators for portion size are estimated for consumers only and per eating occasion. Tables of cell counts are provided to indicate the number of children who contributed information to a summary estimate – the estimated value is less accurate when the number of subjects is small. Statistical analysis methodology including output generated is available in appendix 3.

The AUSNUT 2007 food composition database categorises foods using multiple levels of classification. Food categories presented in this volume are major and sub-major food groups (appendix 1). Foods and beverages are classified broadly based on their biological origin. For mixed foods, the classification generally depends on the major ingredient by weight (for example meat pies are classified as ‘cereal based products and dishes’). This food coding system was developed to reflect the current food supply but also to maintain comparability with the food groups used in the 1995 National Nutrition Survey. Refer to supporting documentation at Food Standards Australia New Zealand Website for an AUSNUT 2007 to AUSNUT 1999 food category linkage file. Additional major food groups were added for infant foods and formulae and dietary supplements. In addition the food, beverage and supplement intake data were translated to daily nutrient intake data using the most recent Australian nutrient composition database. The User Guide provides more detailed information on this process.

2.2 Related reports The summary findings from the survey have been previously reported (CSIRO et al. 2008). This is the first report in a series of eight related volumes reporting detailed results from the 2007 ANCNPAS.

Collectively, the eight volumes provide extensive tabulations and analyses on children’s current food and nutrient intakes (including supplement use); food, nutrition and physical activity practices; physical measures; demographic characteristics; together with significant linkages between these fields. Supplementary to this work, further analyses were conducted to explore children’s estimated acute and chronic dietary exposure to food sourced chemicals.

Volumes one to eight are outlined below.

2.2.1Volume 1: Foods Eaten (this volume)

Volume one describes the reported consumption of food and beverages by children using one day 24-hour dietary recall, presented for males, females and all children by age group (2–3, 4–8, 9–13 and 14–16 years). Results are reported within food categories for mean intakes (all children and consumers only); proportion consuming; average portion size consumed; and intake by time of day, place of consumption and meal occasion.


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http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumerinformation/ausnut2007


2.2.2Volume 2: Nutrient Intakes

Volume two describes the nutrient intake by children based on reported food and beverage consumption excluding dietary supplements. Results are presented for males, females and all children by age group (2–3, 4–8, 9–13 and 14–16 years). One day 24-hour dietary recall data is used to report mean and median nutrient intakes and nutrient density for direct comparison with foods consumed (presented in this volume, volume 1), including the proportion of nutrient intake by food group, time of day, place of consumption and meal occasion. Usual nutrient intake was estimated using two days of 24-hour dietary recall to report the percentile distribution of daily nutrient intakes.

2.2.3Volume 3: Dietary Supplements Consumed

Volume three describes the reported consumption of dietary supplements by children, presented for males, females and all children by age group (2–3, 4–8, 9–13 and 14–16 years). Data from two days of 24-hour dietary recall are presented in this report to describe the proportion of children consuming dietary supplements; the proportion of total nutrient intake from such supplement use; and the mean and median nutrient intakes for consumers versus non-consumers.

2.2.4Volume 4: Physical Activity

Volume four describes the physical activity (PA) practices of children, presented for males, females and all children by age group (2–3, 4–8, 9–13 and 14–16 years). Physical activity practices were collected as four 24-hour recalls of PA and sedentary behaviours (9–16 year olds only) and six days of objective pedometer data (5–16 year olds only). Specifically, results include average PA level; average moderate and/or vigorous PA; time spent on non-sedentary, sedentary and screen based activities; and average number of steps and walking distance travelled.

2.2.5Volume 5: Physical Measures

Volume five describes children’s physical measurements, presented for males, females and all children by age group (2–3, 4–8, 9–13 and 14–16 years). Physical measures reported include average height, weight and waist circumference, and the proportion of children by weight status (underweight, normal, overweight and obese) according to international standards of age- and sex- specific body mass index (BMI) cut offs.

2.2.6Volume 6: Demography

Volume six describes children’s reported consumption of food, beverages and dietary supplements, nutrient intakes, physical activity, and physical measures presented by demographic breakdown. Six demographic variables are presented in volume six, including state of residence; country of birth; highest education level of parent; household annual income grouping; remoteness indicator; and BMI classification. Results are presented for all children (not by age or sex sub-groupings due to small cell sizes for some of the demographic variables).

2.2.7Volume 7: Data Linkages

Volume seven describes the relationship of body fatness with a range of variables measured in the survey including selected nutrient intakes, physical activity practices, and demographics.



2.2.8Volume 8: Dietary exposure to food sourced chemicals

Volume eight describes children’s estimated acute and chronic dietary exposure to food sourced chemicals from reported food and beverage consumption as well as the effects of seasonality on food intake and estimated chemical exposure since the last National Nutrition Survey in 1995. This information is presented by age, sex, demographic breakdown and BMI.



3. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

3.1 Foods consumed: major food groupsAs children grow their energy requirements increase substantially due primarily to their increase in size and modified by their physical activity (see Volume 4: Physical Activity, CSIRO 2011). Therefore the food energy intake of children is also expected to increase with age. However food intake does not only increase in amount to compensate for the additional energy required. A number of factors interact to result in changes to the type and amount of foods consumed as children develop. The dietary intake of most 2–3 year olds is very different to 14–16 year olds, as described in this volume.The categorisation of foods into major and sub-major groups is shown in appendix 1. Over 90% of all children reported consuming food from the non-alcoholic beverages category and cereals and cereal products category on the day surveyed (Table 3.6). The mean quantity of non-alcoholic beverages consumed was more than double in the oldest age group compared to the youngest (694g in 2–3 year old children and 1560g in 14–16 year olds) (Table 3.3). The mean quantity of cereals and cereal products was 149g in 2–3 year old children, and 232g in 14–16 year olds. For only those who consumed, the mean intake of cereals and cereal products was 150g in 2–3 year old children and 245g in 14–16 year olds ().At least 75% of all children reported consuming one or more foods from cereal-based products and dishes; meat, poultry and game products and dishes; vegetable products and dishes; and milk products and dishes (Table 3.6). With the exception of milk products and dishes, the mean amount consumed of these food groups was higher for 14–16 year old males compared to 14–16 year old females (p≤0.01, Tables Table 3.1 and ). The proportion of consumers of milk products and dishes was significantly higher in 2–3 year olds compared to all other age groups (all p≤0.01). Of those who consumed, the mean intake of milk products and dishes was highest for the age group 2–3 years, and lowest for 4–8 years (p≤0.01, Table 3.6). The mean amount consumed of milk products and dishes by 4–8 year olds, 9–13 year olds and 14–16 year old males was significantly greater than similarly aged females (all p≤0.01, Tables Table 3.1 and ). The proportion of children consuming fruit products and dishes decreased from 85% in 2–3 year old children to 52% in 14–16 year old children. The mean quantity eaten was significantly higher in 2–3 year old children (178g) compared to children aged 4–8 years (173g, p≤0.05), 9–13 years (157g, p≤0.01) and 14–16 years (134g p≤0.01) (Table 3.3). However, for those who consumed on the day of the survey, the mean intake increased by age group, and males consumed a greater amount than females (Table 3.6)Fats and oils were consumed in a smaller quantity compared to other food groups (Table 3.3). The proportion that reported consuming this food group was significantly higher for 2–8 year old children (69–76%) compared to 9–16 year olds (60–57%, p≤0.01). For those who consumed from this food group, the mean intake increased with age (p≤0.01) and males consumed a greater amount than females (p=0.02) (Table 3.6).



Figures Figure 2.1 to Figure 2.4illustrate the proportion of children consuming from each of the major food groups on the day surveyed for each age group split by males and females (figures derived from Tables Error: Reference source not found and Table 3.5), while Figures Figure 2.5 to Figure 2.8 show the mean intakes of these food groups for people who consumed them (figures derived from Tables Table 3.1 and ).



Figure 2.1 Proportion of children aged 2–3 years consuming from major food groups on the day of the survey, presented for males and females.

2-3 year olds

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IETARY FOODS

MISCELL

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Figure generated from data in Tables Error: Reference source not foundand Table 3.5.


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Figure generated from data in Tables Error: Reference source not foundand Table 3.5.




9-13 year olds

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BEVERAGES

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MISCELL

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Figure generated from data in Tables Error: Reference source not found and Table 3.5.


14-16 years olds

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Figure generated from data in Tables Error: Reference source not found and Table 3.5.



Figure 2.5 Mean intake for major food groups on the day of the survey, presented for males and females aged 2–3 years (average grams per person – consumers only).

2-3 year olds

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Figure generated from data in Tables and Error: Reference source not found.


4-8 year olds

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9-13 year olds

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3.2 Food consumed: sub major food groups3.2.1Cereal and cereal products

Between 95% and 99% of males and females consumed food from cereal and cereal products on the day surveyed. While mean intake of the food group increased with age, males aged 14–16 years had a higher mean intake compared to 14–16 year old females (p≤0.01) (Tables Table 3.1 and ). The largest contributor to this food category was regular breads and rolls (Figures Figure 2.9 to Figure 2.12), where the mean amount consumed varied from 57g to 92g for males across the age groups, and 49–65g for females (Tables Table 3.1 and ). Intake of regular breads and rolls was significantly greater in 9–16 year old males compared to 9–16 year old females (p≤0.01). For people who consumed, the mean intake of regular breads and rolls varied across age groups (p≤0.01) from 66g to 109g, and males had a greater intake than females (p≤0.01, ).

Other key foods in this food group were pasta and pasta products, flour and other cereal grains and starches, and breakfast cereals and bars (Figures Figure 2.9 to Figure 2.12). The mean amount consumed of breakfast cereals and bars was significantly higher for 9–13 year old boys compared to 9–13 year old girls (37g compared with 20g, p≤0.01) and 14–16 year boys compared to 14–16 year old girls (44g compared with 19g, p≤0.01), which partly reflects a higher proportion of boys consuming this food group (58% compared to 41% in 9–13 year olds, 53% compared to 32% in 14–16 year olds, both p≤0.01). Considering only those who consumed from each food group, the mean intake of pasta and pasta products, flour and other cereal grains and starches and breakfast cereals and bars increased with age group (all p≤0.01), and males had a greater intake than females (all p≤0.01, ).



Figure 2.9 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of cereal and cereal products, presented for males and females aged 2–3 years (average grams per person – all respondents).

2-3 year olds

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Flours And Other Cereal GrainsAnd Starches

Regular Breads, And BreadRolls (Plain/Unfilled/Untopped

Varieties)

Pasta And Pasta Products Breakfast Cereals and Bars,Unfortified and Fortified

Varieties

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Figure generated from data in Tables Table 3.1 and .


4-8 year olds

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Varieties)


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14-16 year olds

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3.2.2Cereal based products and dishes

This food group includes sweet and savoury biscuits, cakes, buns, muffins and other cake-like desserts, pastries and mixed dishes where cereal is the major ingredient (e.g. sandwiches, rolls, pizza and pasta dishes). Between 75% and 80% of all children consumed foods from this group on the day surveyed (Table 3.6). Overall, males aged 14–16 years consumed more from this food group (200g) compared to similar aged females (131g) (p≤0.01, Tables Table 3.1 and ).

The mean intake of mixed dishes where cereal was the major ingredient consumed by males ranged from 22g in 2–3 year olds to 102g in 14–16 year olds, compared to 19–56g by females. For consumers only, the mean intake was 149–326g by males, compared to 137–229g by females (p≤0.01 for males compared to females, and p≤0.01 for increase with age group, Tables to ).

3.2.3Fruit products and dishes

The proportion of children who consumed fruit products and dishes ranged from 86% to 52% across the age groups. A significantly higher proportion of children aged 2–3 years consumed pome, berry, and tropical fruits than children in the older age groups (all p≤0.01 except berry fruits for children aged 2–3 years compared to children aged 4–8 years where p≤0.05, Table 3.6). Overall the mean amount of total fruit products and dishes consumed by 2–3 year old children (178g) was significantly greater than older children (compared to 173g for 4–8 year olds, p≤0.05; 157g for 9–13 year olds, p≤0.01; and 134g for 14–16 year olds, p≤0.01). However, considering only those children who consumed from each of the categories, children in the older age groups consumed a greater mean amount of pome fruit, citrus fruit, stone fruit and tropical fruit (all p>0.01), and the mean amount for all fruit products and dishes ranged from 208g in the youngest age group to 258g in the eldest (p≤0.01, ).

Pome fruit was the largest contributor to fruit consumption, representing approximately one third of total intake. Other important contributors to the fruit products and dishes group were ‘other’ fruit (e.g. grape and melons), citrus and tropical fruits (e.g. banana and pineapple). Figures Figure 2.13 to Figure 2.16show the mean intakes of these fruit by children on the day surveyed (figures derived from Tables Table 3.1 and ). The mean amount of tropical fruits consumed was almost double for the youngest children compared to the oldest. However, when considering those who consumed only, older children had a greater mean intake of tropical fruits than younger children (p≤0.01).



Figure 2.13 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of fruit products and dishes, presented for males and females aged 2–3 years (average grams per person – all respondents).

2-3 year olds

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3.2.4Vegetable products and dishes

Vegetable products and dishes were consumed by 78–79% of all children on the day surveyed, with a similar proportion of male (77–78%) and female (78–81%) consumers. The total quantity of vegetable products and dishes consumed was double for the oldest children compared to the youngest; and there was a significantly greater intake for 14–16 year old males compared to 14–16 year old females (203g versus 179g, p≤0.05, Tables Table 3.1 to Table 3.3). Figures Figure 2.17 to Figure 2.20 show the mean intakes of various subcategories of vegetables consumed on the day of the survey.

Of the various subcategories consumed, potatoes were eaten by the highest proportion of the age range (38–45% of all children, increasing across the age groups), and it was eaten in the greatest mean amount (28g for 2–3 year olds, 41g for 4–8 year olds, 62g for 9–13 year olds and 75g for 14–16 year olds). Carrot and similar root vegetables and other vegetable combinations were consumed by approximately one third of the population group.

When consumers only are considered, the mean intake for each sub-major category increases with age group, but the intake for males is greater than females for only potatoes (p≤0.01), carrots and similar root vegetables (p=0.05), and dishes where vegetable was the major component (p≤0.01) (Tables to ).



Figure 2.17 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of vegetable products and dishes, presented for males and females aged 2–3 years (average grams per person – all respondents).

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Potatoes Cabbage,Cauliflower And

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3.2.5Milk products and dishes

There was a significantly greater proportion of 2–3 year olds who consumed milk products and dishes compared to other age groups; 97% of 2–3 year olds, compared to 92% of 4–8 year olds, 89% of 9–13year olds and 87% of 14–16 year olds (all p≤0.01) (Table 3.6). For girls aged 4–16 years, the mean total amount consumed was significantly less compared to males (362g compared to 320g for 4–8 year olds, p≤0.05; 412g compared to 312g for 9–13 year olds, p≤0.01; and 446g compared to 287g for 14–16 year olds, p≤0.01, Tables Table 3.1 and ). Figures Figure 2.21to Figure2.24 show the mean intakes of various subcategories of milk products and dishes consumed by children on the day surveyed.

Dairy milk made the largest contribution to total intake of milk products and dishes, and the mean intake pattern in males and females was similar to consumption of total milk products and dishes (Tables Table 3.1 and ). For example 14–16 year old males consumed 311g of dairy milk, while 14–16 year old females consumed 170g. When considering consumers only, the mean intake is similar across the age groups, except that 4–8 year olds had a mean intake significantly lower than each of the other age groups (313 ml compared to 378mls for 2–3 year olds, 360 ml for 9–13 year olds and 375 ml for 14–16 year olds, all p≤0.01). Males had a significantly greater intake than females in age groups 9–13 years and 14–16 years (both p≤0.01, Tables to ).

Other commonly consumed foods included cheese (39–53% of children consumed), yoghurt (13–37% consumed), and frozen milk products and dishes (18–27% consumed) (Table 3.6).



Figure 2.21 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of milk products and dishes, presented for males and females aged 2–3 years (average grams per person – all respondents).

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3.2.6Meat, poultry and game products and dishes

The proportion of all children consuming meat, poultry and game products and dishes on the day surveyed was similar for males and females across the age groups (76–79% of all children) (Table 3.6). Within this food group, muscle meat was eaten by the largest proportion of all children (28–30%), followed by processed meat (23–32% of all children) and poultry (18–21% of all children) (Table 3.6). The mean intakes of various sub-major categories within this food group are shown in Figures Figure 2.25 to Figure 2.28 (figures derived from Tables Table 3.1 and ).

Mean intake of meat, poultry and game products and dishes was similar in 2–3 year old males and females (61g and 63g respectively). The amount eaten on the day surveyed increased in older children and was significantly greater for males aged 14–16 years compared to females (182g versus 101g, p≤0.01, Table 3.1). Muscle meat was the greatest contributor to this food group, followed closely by poultry and feathered game. Other contributors to total intake were mixed dishes where beef, lamb or veal was the major component, and mixed dishes where poultry or game was the major component. For mixed dishes, foods other than meat, poultry and game may be present (e.g. stir fries, curries or stews).

For consumers only, mean intake of muscle meat; poultry and feathered game; sausages, frankfurts and saveloys; processed meat; and mixed dishes where poultry or game was the major component increased by age group (all p≤0.01). For these same sub-major food categories, males had a greater mean intake than females, especially in the 14–16 year old age group, except for sausages, frankfurts and saveloys were there was no significant difference (Tables to ).

For muscle meat, among consumers, the mean intake ranged from 60g (2–3 year olds) to 126g (14–16 year olds), while for poultry and feathered game, the mean intake ranged from 67g to 160g.



Figure 2.25 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of meat, poultry and game products and dishes, presented for males and females aged 2–3 years (average grams per person – all respondents).

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3.2.7Fish and seafood products and dishes

The proportion who consumed fish and seafood products and dishes on the day surveyed was 15–10% of children - lower than meat, poultry and game products and dishes (Table 3.6). The mean intake among consumers varied from 77g in 2–3 year olds to 136g in 14–16 year olds ().

The sub-major food category consumed by the largest number of children was fish and seafood products (homemade and takeaway), packed fish and seafood, followed by fin fish.

3.2.8Fats and oils

The proportion of children who consumed fats and oils was 76% of 2–3 year old children and 57% of 14–16 year olds (p≤0.01), and was similar for males and females. Margarines and table spreads was the sub-major categorisation in this category consumed by the highest proportion of children (Table 3.3).

The mean intake of fats and oils was higher for males compared to females (p=0.02, Tables Table 3.1 and ). Approximately half of this was consumed as margarines and table spreads, and the remainder consumed as butters, dairy blends and vegetable/nut oils (Figures Figure 2.29 to Figure 2.32).

For consumers, the mean intake of fats and oils increased with age group (p≤0.01, ).



Figure 2.29 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of fats and oils, presented for males and females aged 2–3 years (average grams per person – all respondents).

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3.2.9Non-alcoholic beverages

Mineral waters and water was consumed by 89–96% of all children, with the mean intake doubled for the oldest compared to the youngest children (p≤0.01, Table 3.6). The second most commonly consumed beverage was fruit and vegetable juices and



drinks, consumed by 44–48% of all children. The proportion of children who consumed soft drinks and flavoured mineral waters was 12.5% in 2–3 year olds compared to 40% in 14–16 year old children (p≤0.01), and a greater proportion of 14–16 year old boys consumed these beverages compared to 14–16 year old girls (46% compared to 34%, p≤0.01, Tables Error: Reference source not found to Table 3.6).

Mean intake of total non-alcoholic beverages was double for the oldest children (1560g) compared to the youngest (694g), and was significantly higher for boys compared to girls for 4–8 year olds (998g compared to 877g, p≤0.01), 9–13 year olds (1443g compared to 1235g, p≤0.01) and 14–16 year olds (1666g compared to 1449g, p≤0.01, Tables Table 3.1 to Table 3.3). The mean intake of fruit juice was 105g in 2–3 year old children compared to 170g in 14–16 year olds (p≤0.01), and was higher for boys compared to girls (p≤0.01). The mean intake of soft drinks and flavoured mineral waters differed significantly by age group (25g for 2–3 year olds, 68g for 4–8 year olds, 176g for 9–13 year olds and 228g for 14–16 year olds, all comparisons significantly different at p≤0.01), and boys consumed a greater quantity compared to girls (p≤0.01).

When considering consumers only, the mean intake of mineral waters and water, fruit and vegetable juices and drinks, and soft drinks and flavoured mineral waters increased with age group (all p≤0.01) and males had a greater mean intake than females (all p≤0.01). For consumers, the mean intake of mineral waters and water ranged from 576g to 1146g across age groups. For fruit and vegetable juices and drinks the mean intake ranged from 229g to 387g, and for soft drinks and flavoured mineral waters the mean intake ranged from 199g to 567g ()

Figures Figure 2.33 to Figure 2.36 compare the mean intake among consumers of various sub major categories of non-alcoholic beverages.

Figure 2.33 Mean intake of selected sub major categories of non-alcoholic beverages, presented for males and females aged 2–3 years (average grams per person – consumers only).

2-3 year olds

050

100150200250300350400450500550600650700750800850900950

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Other BeverageFlavourings and Prepared

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3.3 Portion size3.3.1Portion size estimates

Portion size is defined here as the average amount of a food category eaten by an individual based on each eating occasion on the day surveyed. An individual may have consumed a food on more than one occasion in a 24-hour period – for frequently consumed foods such as bread or milk this would be common, and the portion size might vary on each occasion. Hence an average portion size for each eating occasion on the day surveyed was calculated for each individual from which a population mean/median was generated.

The mean portion size for major and sub-major food groups is given in grams per eating occasion for consumers only (males, females and the total population) in Tables Table 3.7 to Error: Reference source not found.

In general, mean portion size and median portion size increases with age group – older children tend to consume a larger amount of a food category on an occasion when they eat it. This might be expected because the energy requirements of children increase with age, as does their physical capacity to eat food on a single occasion.

While this is a general finding across food categories, it is depicted in Figures Figure 2.37 and Figure 2.38 for dairy milk and regular breads and bread rolls respectively.



Figure 2.37 Mean portion size (grams per eating occasion for consumers only) for dairy milk by age category for males and females.

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Figure generated from data in Tables Table 3.7 and Table 3.8.



Figure 2.37 shows the difference in mean portion size for dairy milk (cow, sheep and goat) with age group. The portion size assessment does not distinguish between food usage – a glass of milk at lunch and milk with breakfast cereal both contribute an occasion of consuming milk. The mean portion size is larger for older age categories for both boys and girls – the mean portion size for 14–16 year old boys is 56% greater than the mean portion size for 2–3 year old boys, while the mean portion size for 14–16 year old girls is 17% greater than for 2–3 year old girls. There is a statistically significant age and sex interaction (see Table A3.5). This means that the difference between boys and girls varies with age group, in this case becoming larger with older age groups. There is a significant difference between boys and girls at each of the age groups 4–8 years, 9–13 years and 14–16 years (p≤0.01).

Figure 2.38 Mean portion size (grams per eating occasion for consumers only) by age category for regular breads for males and females.

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Figure generated from data in Tables Table 3.7 and Table 3.8.

The difference in mean portion size for regular breads with age group for boys and girls is shown in Figure 2.38. Again the mean portion size is larger in older age groups – the portion size in the 14–16 year old age group is 70% and 46% larger than the 2–3 year old age group for boys and girls respectively. Again, there is a significant interaction between sex and age group (p=0.02 see Table A3.5) with a statistically significant difference between boys and girls at age 2–3 years, 4–8 years and 14–16 years (all p≤0.01) but not at 9–13years. The interaction means that the difference between boys and girls is not the same for each age group.

Generally, the median portion size across all of the food groups for boys and girls by age group (Tables Table 3.9 to Error: Reference source not found) shows a similar pattern. It is noted that the modal portion size (i.e. the portion size most frequently reported) is often common across one or more age groups for boys and girls (Tables to Table 3.13). This may be partly related to the translation of recalled food quantities into food weights, but also indicates that foods often have a ‘common unit of consumption’ (e.g. a slice of bread, a cup of milk).



The portion size information for any age and sex group should be considered in relation to the number of subjects who consumed the food. For example, some food categories were consumed by very few people during the survey period – as a result the portion size is strongly influenced by the few instances of consumption. For example, the category ‘organ meats and offal, products and dishes’ was consumed by only four boys across all age groups and only eleven girls. With such a small number of eating occasions, the apparent difference by age group may be misleading. Another example is the food category ‘pre-mixed alcoholic drinks’ which were consumed by only six individuals in the survey sample – one 14–16 year old boy on a single occasion, and five 14–16 year old girls on eight occasions. The intake for the boy was reported to be 3032g, and the mean portion size for the five girls was 1159g per girl per consumption occasion. It is clear that consumption of pre-mixed alcoholic drinks is uncommon in this age group, and that the small number of observations is unlikely to result in an accurate estimate of long term intake.

3.3.2Comparison of portion size with recommendations

The variation of mean portion size with age group indicates that children who consume a food on an eating occasion generally have a different amount depending on their age. Food based dietary recommendations such as the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE) are made specific to age groups (Kellett et al. 1998). The AGHE defines ‘reference units’ for food categories (i.e. ‘serves’) that are common to all age groups. The food group recommendations for each age group are then developed to be a number of reference units (or serves) of the recommended food to consume daily.

The reference unit, which is developed for all age groups, is not expected to be the same as the portion size which is derived from consumption data and varies with age group in children. However, the relationship of the total recommended serves for a food to the usual portion size consumed would theoretically provide guidance regarding how many occasions of eating in a day the recommended food should be consumed.

For selected foods (described in appendix 1), the median consumed portion size by age group is compared to the AGHE reference unit (serve size) for males (Table 3.14), for females (Table 3.15) and for all children (Table 3.16). As detailed in Section 3.3.1 above, portion size for this comparison was calculated as the average amount consumed per eating occasion for the day surveyed and was calculated for each individual from which a population median was generated.

It can be seen that the ‘serve size’ is within the range for median portion size of children aged 2–3 years to 14–16 years for regular breads and rolls, cooked pasta, cooked rice, cooked potatoes, apples, muscle meat, poultry and feathered game, and soft drinks and flavoured mineral water.

The ‘serve size’ is below the range for median portion size of children aged 2–3 years to 14–16 years for fruit juice, dried fruit, and cakes, buns, muffins and scones – this means that the usual amount consumed at an eating occasion for all children aged 2–16 years is greater than the ‘serve size’ unit in which the recommendations are expressed.

The ‘serve size’ is above the range for median portion size of children aged 2–3 years to 14–16 years for cooked carrots and similar root vegetables, cooked brassica vegetables, dairy milk, yoghurt, hard cheese, eggs, and sweet biscuits. This means that the usual amount consumed at an eating occasions is less than a single reference unit (i.e. serve size) in which the recommendations are expressed for all age groups between two and sixteen years.

This observation has implications for the ‘usability’ of the food based dietary recommendations. Children aged 4–7 years are recommended to consume three dairy



food serves a day under the model B eating plan of the AGHE. The reference serve size is 250ml for milk, 200g for yoghurt and 40g for cheese. However, the median portion size for children aged 4–8 years is 52% of the serve size for cheese, 50% of the serve size for yoghurt and 77% of the serve size for milk. Therefore, the ‘occasions of eating’ for dairy food would need to be of the order of five times in a day to reach the recommended food intake – the number of portions needed in a day is greater than the recommended number of ‘serves’.

The opposite issue applies for foods like muffins or dried fruit. The median portion size for children aged 14–16 years is double the AGHE reference unit – children in this age group should consume two serves of these foods on each eating occasion, and therefore should eat the recommended food on half as many occasions as the recommended number of serves.

3.4 Time of consumptionThe time of day of consumption for major foods groups is shown in Figures Figure 3.39 to Figure 3.56.

Cereals and cereal products (Figure 3.39) are consumed in a pattern which is dominated by consumption at three main meals. This contrasts with cereal based products and dishes (Figure 3.40) which are mainly consumed after breakfast, with substantial evening intake for the 14–16 year old age group.

Fats and oils (Figure 3.41) shows consumption peak at breakfast and lunch, with a smaller peak at dinner. Seeds and nuts products and dishes (Figure 3.42) do not show a consumption pattern that is structured around meals but spread throughout the day.

Intake of vegetable products and dishes (Figure 3.43) is strongly centred on the evening meal and indicates that younger children generally eat their evening meal earlier than older children.

Fruit products and dishes are eaten throughout the day (Figure 3.44) with a relatively small intake at breakfast and a peak during late morning.

Legumes and pulse products and dishes (Figure 3.45) have a stronger consumption peak at lunch for younger children than older children, with a substantial peak for all children at the evening meal.

Non-alcoholic beverages are consumed throughout the day with slightly higher consumption peaks at mealtimes (Figure 3.46).

Meat, poultry and game products and dishes (Figure 3.47) and fish and seafood products and dishes (Figure 3.48) show a similar pattern of consumption with intake dominated by the evening meal, and a smaller consumption peak at lunch.

Consumption of egg products and dishes is concentrated in the morning and early afternoon with a further consumption peak at the evening meal (Figure 3.49). In contrast, milk products and dishes (Figure 3.50) show a very dominant peak at breakfast time with a much smaller intake peak at the evening meal. Dairy substitutes (Figure 3.53) show a similar consumption pattern although intake by fewer children results in a more sporadic pattern.

The pattern of intake for soups (Figure 3.51) has a large consumption peak at the time of the evening meal with a smaller peak at lunch – savoury sauces and condiments (Figure 3.52) show a similar pattern to this.

Snack foods (Figure 3.54), and confectionery (Figure 3.55) are eaten throughout the day after the breakfast period – there is a consumption peak for younger children in the late morning and late afternoon and older children show substantial consumption of



confectionery between 8pm and 10pm. Sugar products and dishes (Figure 3.56) are also consumed throughout the day, but with considerable consumption also occurring at breakfast time.

3.5 Meal timeThe creation of Tables Table 3.17 to Table 3.38 relies on a definition of meals based on the time of consumption (subjects themselves did not name the meal at which a food was consumed). The meal times were defined as:

Breakfast 12am – 9amLunch 12pm – 2pmEvening meal 6pm – 8pmBetween meals all other times.

These meal times are therefore arbitrarily defined and interpretation from the categorisation will be made with caution.

For some food categories, the pattern of consumption by meal time was markedly different for 14–16 year olds. This may be a reflection of a less structured eating pattern for children of this age, eating meals at a different time to those defined above or inherently different patterns with age. It is notable that older children have the opportunity to consume food in the later evening because they are awake, while younger children may not be.

Consumption of cereals and cereal products (Table 3.17) were evenly distributed between meal times and between meals, while cereal based products and dishes (Table 3.18) showed a small amount being consumed at breakfast and a relatively large consumption occurring between meals.

Fats and oils (Table 3.19) were consumed the least at the evening meal.

The greatest proportion of seeds and nut products and dishes were generally consumed between meals (Table 3.20).

Vegetable products and dishes (Table 3.21) and meat, poultry and game products and dishes (Table 3.25) were consumed in the greatest amounts at the evening meal and in the least amounts at breakfast. Fish and seafood products and dishes (Table 3.26) showed a similar mealtime consumption pattern as meat, poultry and game products and dishes. Lunch accounted for a large proportion of intake for girls aged 9–13 years and 14–16 years.

The largest proportion of fruit products and dishes were consumed between meals and the smallest proportion was consumed at breakfast, particularly for older children (Table 3.22).

Legume and pulse products and dishes (Table 3.23) showed no distinct pattern of meal time intake, although intake between meals accounted for a substantial proportion of total of intake.

Non-alcoholic beverages were consumed on all meal occasions with the greatest proportion consumed being between meals (Table 3.24).

Egg products and dishes (Table 3.27) were consumed in the largest amounts at breakfast and between meals, and the largest proportion of milk products and dishes were consumed at breakfast by all groups except 14–16 year olds where between meal consumption accounted for more than 40% of total intake (Table 3.28). A similar pattern by meal is seen for dairy substitutes (Table 3.31) where the largest proportion was consumed at breakfast by all age groups.



The evening meal accounts for the largest proportion of soup intake for all age groups except 14–16 year boys where intake between meals provides the greatest amount (Table 3.29).

More than 50% of savoury sauces and condiments were consumed at the evening meal by all age groups (Table 3.30).

Between meal consumption was the dominant occasion of eating category by all age groups for snack foods (Table 3.32), sugar products and dishes (Table 3.33) and confectionery and cereal/nut/fruit/seed bars (Table 3.34). Sugar products and dishes were consumed consistently across the other occasion of eating categories, while snack foods and confectionery and cereal/nut/fruit/seed bars were rarely eaten at breakfast.

Few individuals consumed alcoholic beverages (Table 3.35) and this category was mostly consumed at the evening meal followed by between meals.

There was no consistent pattern among the few people who consumed special dietary foods (Table 3.36).

Consumption of the miscellaneous food category occurred mostly at the evening meal or between meals (Table 3.37).

Infant formula was consumed by few children outside the 2–3 year old age category (Table 3.38). Within this category, consumption was distributed across all intake occasions with the greatest proportion of intake occurring at the evening meal and breakfast.

3.6 Place of consumptionDuring the collection of dietary recall information, place of consumption of each food could be recorded as home, any other residence, place of purchase, institution (usually school), leisure activity, during transport or other. If place of consumption was not reported, it was recorded as ‘not specified’. The pattern of place of food consumption for weekdays and weekend days is shown by age and sex groups for each of the major food groups in Tables Table 3.39 to Table 3.60.

In general, most food in each of the food groups is consumed at home. This is most marked (greater than 75% of consumption for a food group) for fats and oils on the weekends (Table 3.42), fish and seafood products and dishes (Table 3.43), fruit products and dishes on the weekends (Table 3.44), egg products and dishes (Table 3.45), meat, poultry and game products and dishes on the weekend (Table 3.46), milk products and dishes (Table 3.47), dairy substitutes (Table 3.48), soup (Table 3.49), vegetable products and dishes (Table 3.52), legume and pulse products and dishes (Table 3.53) and sugar products and dishes (Table 3.55).

On weekdays, institutions are an important place of consumption for most food groups except for children aged 2–3 years. Institution is a major place of consumption (more than 25% of consumption of the food group) on week days for non-alcoholic beverages (Table 3.39), cereal and cereal products (Table 3.40), cereal-based products and dishes (Table 3.41), fats and oils (Table 3.42), fruit products and dishes (Table 3.44), seed and nut products and dishes (Table 3.50), snack foods (Table 3.54), and confectionery and cereal/nut/fruit/seed bars (Table 3.56). A greater amount of consumption occurs at the institution than at home for fruit products and dishes (Table 3.44), snack foods (Table 3.54) and confectionery and cereal/nut/fruit/seed bars (Table 3.56).

On weekends, consumption at institutions is low and is replaced to some extent by consumption at other residences, leisure activity and place of purchase. A significant



amount of consumption at the weekends (more than 10%) occurs at other residences for non-alcoholic beverages (Table 3.39), cereal-based products and dishes (Table 3.41), meat, poultry and game products and dishes (Table 3.46), seed and nut products and dishes (Table 3.50), snack foods (Table 3.54) and confectionery and cereal/nut/fruit/seed bars (Table 3.56). Similarly, a significant amount of consumption at weekends (more than 10%) occurs at leisure activities for snack foods (Table 3.54), and confectionery and cereal/nut/fruit/seed bars (Table 3.56), and at place of purchase for cereal-based products and dishes (Table 3.41), fish and seafood products and dishes (Table 3.43), and vegetable products and dishes (Table 3.52).



4. TABULATIONS AND FIGURES

4.1 Foods consumedTable 3.1 Mean intake of selected major and sub major food groups: males by age group

(average grams per person – all respondents)*

MALES 2–3 years (Age group)

4–8 years (Age group)



NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 700.7 998.4 1443.5 1665.8Tea 4.4 12.3 13.3 41.8Coffee And Coffee Substitutes 0.4 0.3 7.9 28.1Fruit And Vegetable Juices, And Drinks 108.4 156.0 149.8 180.1Cordials 11.4 13.2 15.7 18.1Soft Drinks, And Flavoured Mineral Waters 24.7 74.4 202.4 279.4Electrolyte, Energy And Fortified Drinks 0.0 4.2 31.3 37.1Mineral Waters And Water 543.1 722.1 1000.4 1060.5Other Beverage Flavourings And Prepared Beverages 8.3 15.8 22.7 20.7

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 152.8 190.0 243.5 268.2Flours And Other Cereal Grains And Starches 20.2 25.9 48.3 41.5Regular Breads, And Bread Rolls (Plain/Unfilled/Untopped Varieties)

56.8 70.9 72.1 92.4

English-Style Muffins, Flat Breads, And Savoury And Sweet Breads

6.8 13.8 14.4 21.4

Pasta And Pasta Products 36.1 47.6 60.9 61.9Breakfast Cereals And Bars, Unfortified And Fortified Varieties

21.9 27.0 37.4 44.0

Breakfast Cereal, Hot Porridge Type 11.1 4.8 10.5 7.1CEREAL-BASED PRODUCTS AND DISHES 62.6 96.1 138.8 199.5

Sweet Biscuits 8.1 9.8 10.4 13.7Savoury Biscuits 7.0 7.8 7.1 6.2Cakes, Buns, Muffins, Scones, Cake-Type Desserts 10.8 15.7 19.6 21.3Pastries 11.0 17.6 30.6 46.8Mixed Dishes Where Cereal Is The Major Ingredient 21.2 38.5 61.3 101.6Batter-Based Products 4.5 6.6 9.7 10.0

FATS AND OILS 7.1 7.6 6.7 7.8Butters 1.3 1.9 1.7 2.0Dairy Blends 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.0Margarine And Table Spreads 4.0 3.9 3.1 4.2Vegetable/Nut Oil 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6Other Fats 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Unspecified Fats 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

FISH AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTS AND DISHES 10.6 13.2 17.0 13.2Fin Fish (Excluding Commercially Sterile) 2.8 2.6 3.8 3.8Crustacea And Molluscs (Excluding Commercially Sterile)

0.7 1.6 1.4 0.9

Other Sea And Freshwater Foods 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Packed (Commercially Sterile) Fish And Seafood 2.6 3.1 3.6 2.1Fish And Seafood Products (Homemade And Takeaway)

4.5 5.6 7.3 5.6

Mixed Dishes With Fish Or Seafood As The Major Component

0.1 0.4 0.8 0.8

FRUIT PRODUCTS AND DISHES 185.8 174.7 156.5 133.4Pome Fruit 64.2 71.6 61.5 56.1Berry Fruit 7.8 6.9 2.9 2.6Citrus Fruit 21.0 21.2 21.3 23.0

* refer to appendix 2, Table A2.1 for cell counts







Stone Fruit 3.9 5.8 4.6 3.0Tropical Fruit 38.4 32.3 28.9 26.4Other Fruit 35.3 29.0 26.7 14.5Mixtures Of Two Or More Groups Of Fruit 9.8 5.0 9.5 4.1Dried Fruit, Preserved Fruit 5.4 2.8 0.9 1.5Mixed Dishes Where Fruit Is The Major Component 0.0 0.2 0.3 2.2

EGG PRODUCTS AND DISHES † 5.2 9.7 7.4 9.4Eggs 3.6 6.0 5.3 6.0Dishes Where Egg Is The Major Ingredient 1.7 3.7 2.1 3.4

MEAT, POULTRY AND GAME PRODUCTS AND DISHES 60.8 92.8 129.4 182.4Muscle Meat 16.8 24.4 31.2 46.6Game And Other Carcase Meats 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Poultry And Feathered Game 12.0 17.3 27.3 36.8Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.1Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys 7.2 10.6 13.7 10.5Processed Meat 7.8 13.4 13.4 19.8Mixed Dishes Where Beef, Veal Or Lamb Is The Major Component

11.0 10.4 19.7 28.2

Mixed Dishes Where Pork, Bacon, Ham Is The Major Component

0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5

Mixed Dishes Where Poultry Or Game Is The Major Component

5.5 16.2 22.7 38.9

MILK PRODUCTS AND DISHES 434.4 362.5 411.9 445.9Dairy Milk (cow, sheep and goat) 333.6 256.4 298.4 310.6Yoghurt 50.9 29.7 24.3 24.8Cream 0.4 0.9 1.3 1.6Cheese 16.2 16.4 13.3 19.0Frozen Milk Products 9.0 20.2 30.4 30.2Custards 10.5 8.7 5.9 1.8Other Dishes Where Milk Or A Milk Product Is The Major Component

2.6 5.4 4.4 3.9

Flavoured Milks 11.4 24.8 34.0 53.9DAIRY SUBSTITUTES 21.4 7.0 7.5 10.7

Dairy Milk Substitutes, Unflavoured 18.8 4.6 4.5 8.7Dairy Milk Substitutes, Flavoured 0.6 2.0 2.7 1.9Cheese Substitute 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Soy-Based Ice Confection 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0Soy-Based Yoghurts 1.9 0.3 0.1 0.0

SOUP 15.0 15.6 23.8 31.6Soup (Prepared, Ready to Eat) 14.8 15.2 23.1 30.8Dry Soup Mix 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1Canned Condensed Soup (Unprepared) 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.8

SEED AND NUT PRODUCTS AND DISHES 2.0 2.8 2.9 4.5Seeds And Seed Products 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0Nuts And Nut Products 2.0 2.8 2.9 4.4

SAVOURY SAUCES AND CONDIMENTS 12.0 15.8 31.8 35.1Gravies And Savoury Sauces 11.0 14.0 29.7 30.5Pickles, Chutneys And Relishes 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.9Salad Dressings 0.4 0.9 1.5 3.7Stuffings 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

VEGETABLE PRODUCTS AND DISHES 95.0 109.5 161.0 202.8Potatoes 28.2 39.6 66.3 80.8Cabbage, Cauliflower And Similar Brassica Vegetables 7.2 9.1 10.7 12.6Carrot And Similar Root Vegetables 12.8 12.8 13.1 16.8Leaf And Stalk Vegetables 1.4 4.0 6.3 9.0Peas And Beans 5.5 5.7 9.4 12.2Tomato And Tomato Products 11.7 13.5 16.3 25.6Other Fruiting Vegetables 11.5 11.5 15.3 11.5Other Vegetables And Vegetable Combinations 13.0 9.5 13.9 19.2

† refer to appendix 2, Table A2.1 for cell counts







Dishes Where Vegetable Is The Major Component 3.7 3.8 9.7 15.3LEGUME AND PULSE PRODUCTS AND DISHES 5.9 7.7 9.2 11.7

Mature Legumes And Pulses 0.7 2.2 2.2 1.0Mature Legume And Pulse Products And Dishes 5.3 5.5 7.0 10.8

SNACK FOODS 4.4 11.7 15.2 15.9Potato Snacks 1.7 6.2 8.4 10.7Corn Snacks 1.1 2.9 4.8 3.6Extruded Or Reformed Snacks 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6Pretzels 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.3Other Snacks 1.0 1.6 1.3 0.8

SUGAR PRODUCTS AND DISHES 14.1 19.7 20.4 20.2Sugar, Honey And Syrups 3.4 4.7 6.9 9.3Jam And Lemon Spreads, Chocolate Spreads, Sauces 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.1Dishes And Products Other Than Confectionery Where Sugar Is The Major Component

8.0 12.3 10.4 7.8

CONFECTIONERY AND CEREAL/NUT/FRUIT/SEED BARS

10.9 19.2 27.4 28.2

Chocolate And Chocolate-Based Confectionery 4.6 8.8 12.1 12.2Cereal-, Fruit-, Nut- And Seed-Bars 3.2 4.8 5.1 5.1Other Confectionery 3.1 5.6 10.2 10.9

ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 0.3 0.1 0.1 4.5Beers 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1Wines 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.4Spirits 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Other Alcoholic Beverages 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Pre-mixed drinks 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0

SPECIAL DIETARY FOODS 1.2 1.9 2.1 6.9Formula Dietary Foods 1.2 1.9 2.1 6.9

MISCELLANEOUS 5.1 2.8 5.9 3.6Yeast And Yeast-, Vegetable- And Meat-Extracts 2.1 1.8 1.3 1.4Intense Sweetening Agents 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes 3.0 1.1 4.6 2.2Essences 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

INFANT FORMULAE AND FOODS 10.2 0.2 0.1 0.2Infant Formulae And Human Breast Milk 6.9 0.1 0.0 0.0Infant Cereal Products 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0Infant Foods 2.9 0.1 0.1 0.2Infant Drinks 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

*refer to appendix 2, Table A2.1 for cell counts

Table 3.2 Mean intake of selected major and sub major food groups: females by age group (average grams per person – all respondents)*

FEMALES 2–3 years (Age

group)

4–8 years (Age

group)




CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 145.4 168.2 181.7 193.9Flours And Other Cereal Grains And Starches 23.7 21.2 28.6 35.6





group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



Regular Breads, And Bread Rolls (Plain/Unfilled/Untopped Varieties)

48.9 65.5 65.1 64.7


9.1 9.5 14.2 12.2


18.2 20.9 20.5 18.7




FISH AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTS AND DISHES 12.0 12.1 13.5 14.6Fin Fish (Excluding Commercially Sterile) 2.7 3.0 3.3 1.6Crustacea And Molluscs (Excluding Commercially Sterile) 0.3 0.6 1.4 0.5Other Sea And Freshwater Foods 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0Packed (Commercially Sterile) Fish And Seafood 1.8 1.6 4.3 5.5Fish And Seafood Products (Homemade And Takeaway) 6.4 6.7 4.0 5.2Mixed Dishes With Fish Or Seafood As The Major Component

0.9 0.3 0.4 1.8

FRUIT PRODUCTS AND DISHES 170.5 171.6 157.9 135.0Pome Fruit 61.7 64.1 68.9 54.9Berry Fruit 8.2 3.1 3.8 1.7Citrus Fruit 18.0 25.3 22.2 24.7Stone Fruit 2.4 6.6 7.1 5.2Tropical Fruit 42.4 33.0 27.1 20.0Other Fruit 26.9 33.5 23.1 21.8Mixtures Of Two Or More Groups Of Fruit 5.8 4.0 3.4 3.7Dried Fruit, Preserved Fruit 5.2 1.8 1.1 2.4Mixed Dishes Where Fruit Is The Major Component 0.0 0.2 1.1 0.6

EGG PRODUCTS AND DISHES * 6.8 7.6 6.7 9.4Eggs 5.2 5.2 4.2 5.7Dishes Where Egg Is The Major Ingredient 1.7 2.4 2.5 3.7


8.8 5.7 14.9 12.1


0.1 0.2 0.3 1.6


7.6 12.7 20.4 15.1

MILK PRODUCTS AND DISHES 416.0 319.7 312.2 287.3Dairy Milk (cow, sheep and goat) 327.2 222.9 202.1 169.7Yoghurt 43.0 30.5 19.4 24.9





group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



Cream 0.4 0.9 1.2 2.5Cheese 15.2 13.5 14.6 17.0Frozen Milk Products 10.5 20.6 30.4 23.4Custards 9.2 8.6 4.2 4.4Other Dishes Where Milk Or A Milk Product Is The Major Component

1.4 3.1 3.8 4.4





SAVOURY SAUCES AND CONDIMENTS 10.5 15.0 26.0 30.6Gravies And Savoury Sauces 9.0 13.7 23.9 27.5Pickles, Chutneys And Relishes 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.9Salad Dressings 0.5 0.7 1.7 2.3Stuffings 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

VEGETABLE PRODUCTS AND DISHES 95.6 113.0 151.0 178.9Potatoes 27.9 42.8 57.8 69.6Cabbage, Cauliflower And Similar Brassica Vegetables 8.5 7.8 10.1 11.1Carrot And Similar Root Vegetables 9.7 13.5 13.6 15.0Leaf And Stalk Vegetables 3.2 3.0 7.4 8.0Peas And Beans 5.9 5.8 8.5 9.6Tomato And Tomato Products 11.6 12.9 18.4 18.2Other Fruiting Vegetables 12.9 12.1 15.6 20.9Other Vegetables And Vegetable Combinations 12.9 11.4 13.2 15.6Dishes Where Vegetable Is The Major Component 2.9 3.7 6.5 11.0

LEGUME AND PULSE PRODUCTS AND DISHES 7.0 6.6 4.1 8.2Mature Legumes And Pulses 1.3 0.9 1.0 2.2Mature Legume And Pulse Products And Dishes 5.7 5.7 3.1 6.1



5.5 11.1 16.9 5.8

CONFECTIONERY AND CEREAL/NUT/FRUIT/SEED BARS 10.8 18.7 22.6 25.1Chocolate And Chocolate-Based Confectionery 3.8 9.4 10.5 11.6Cereal-, Fruit-, Nut- And Seed-Bars 3.5 4.6 4.7 5.0Other Confectionery 3.5 4.8 7.4 8.5





group)

4–8 years (Age

group)




MISCELLANEOUS 5.2 4.7 3.3 4.7Yeast And Yeast-, Vegetable- And Meat-Extracts 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.5Intense Sweetening Agents 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes 3.1 2.8 1.7 3.2Essences 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Table 3.3 Mean intake of selected major and sub major food groups: all children by age group

(average grams per person – all respondents)*

ALL CHILDREN 2–3 years (Age

group)

4–8 years (Age

group)





52.9 68.3 68.7 78.9


8.0 11.7 14.3 16.9


20.1 24.0 29.1 31.7




FISH AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTS AND DISHES 11.3 12.7 15.3 13.9





group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



Fin Fish (Excluding Commercially Sterile) 2.7 2.8 3.6 2.7Crustacea And Molluscs (Excluding Commercially Sterile) 0.5 1.1 1.4 0.7Other Sea And Freshwater Foods 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Packed (Commercially Sterile) Fish And Seafood 2.2 2.4 4.0 3.8Fish And Seafood Products (Homemade And Takeaway) 5.4 6.1 5.7 5.4Mixed Dishes With Fish Or Seafood As The Major Component

0.5 0.3 0.7 1.3

FRUIT PRODUCTS AND DISHES 178.2 173.2 157.2 134.2Pome Fruit 63.0 68.0 65.1 55.5Berry Fruit 8.0 5.0 3.3 2.2Citrus Fruit 19.5 23.2 21.7 23.8Stone Fruit 3.2 6.2 5.8 4.1Tropical Fruit 40.4 32.6 28.0 23.3Other Fruit 31.1 31.2 25.0 18.1Mixtures Of Two Or More Groups Of Fruit 7.8 4.5 6.6 3.9Dried Fruit, Preserved Fruit 5.3 2.3 1.0 1.9Mixed Dishes Where Fruit Is The Major Component 0.0 0.2 0.7 1.4



9.9 8.1 17.3 20.3


0.3 0.3 0.6 1.6


6.5 14.5 21.6 27.3


2.0 4.3 4.1 4.1





SAVOURY SAUCES AND CONDIMENTS 11.3 15.4 29.0 32.9Gravies And Savoury Sauces 10.0 13.9 26.9 29.0Pickles, Chutneys And Relishes 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.9





group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



Salad Dressings 0.4 0.8 1.6 3.0Stuffings 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0





6.8 11.7 13.6 6.8




MISCELLANEOUS 5.1 3.7 4.6 4.2Yeast & Yeast-, Vegetable- And Meat-Extracts 2.1 1.9 1.4 1.4Intense Sweetening Agents 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes 3.0 1.9 3.2 2.7Essences 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Table 3.4 Mean intake of selected major and sub major food groups (consumers only): males by age group (mean grams per consumer)*

* refer to appendix 2, Table A2.2 for cell counts1=age by sex interaction, 2=sex main effect (refer to appendix 3 for statistical results tables and guidance on interpretation)



MALES 2–3 years (Age

group)




NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES1,2 718.6 1006.5 1447.0 1674.8Tea 160.4 245.7 267.5 369.5Coffee And Coffee Substitutes 87.1 66.5 248.8 265.0Fruit And Vegetable Juices, And Drinks2 230.7 306.4 351.5 430.5Cordials 50.5 63.9 71.5 88.0Soft Drinks, And Flavoured Mineral Waters2 203.3 320.3 493.2 610.3Electrolyte, Energy And Fortified Drinks . 501.0 639.2 591.8Mineral Waters And Water2 588.6 767.1 1040.2 1186.0Other Beverage Flavourings And Prepared Beverages 42.0 64.7 78.1 102.2

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS1,2 154.7 192.7 255.3 281.1Flours And Other Cereal Grains And Starches1,2 95.5 150.1 239.0 242.8Regular Breads, And Bread Rolls (Plain/Unfilled/Untopped Varieties)1,2

68.3 86.3 99.7 126.3

English-Style Muffins, Flat Breads, And Savoury And Sweet Breads1,2

48.5 67.1 89.1 110.0

Pasta And Pasta Products1,2 123.7 167.8 239.5 274.0Breakfast Cereals And Bars, Unfortified And Fortified Varieties1,2

34.0 45.2 64.4 83.6

Breakfast Cereal, Hot Porridge Type 213.8 212.1 348.3 350.9CEREAL-BASED PRODUCTS AND DISHES1,2 76.8 123.8 176.5 263.8

Sweet Biscuits2 22.8 32.9 34.0 50.1Savoury Biscuits 18.6 27.4 31.7 39.0Cakes, Buns, Muffins, Scones, Cake-Type Desserts 51.5 74.9 91.4 104.4Pastries2 89.7 125.6 161.1 233.4Mixed Dishes Where Cereal Is The Major Ingredient1,2 149.3 176.6 237.5 326.5Batter-Based Products 42.0 53.6 83.8 109.2

FATS AND OILS2 9.2 11.0 11.5 14.2Butters 8.3 10.2 11.6 14.1Dairy Blends 8.7 9.2 10.3 11.9Margarine And Table Spreads1,2 8.6 10.2 11.2 14.1Vegetable/Nut Oil 4.0 7.5 7.5 6.3Other Fats . 5.3 . .Unspecified Fats2 4.2 3.8 2.1 5.5

FISH AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTS AND DISHES2 73.3 113.6 139.4 140.1Fin Fish (Excluding Commercially Sterile)1,2 82.7 119.9 142.6 160.0Crustacea And Molluscs (Excluding Commercially Sterile)1,2 47.6 204.1 120.8 122.6Other Sea And Freshwater Foods . . . .Packed (Commercially Sterile) Fish And Seafood1 54.4 88.1 89.9 88.1Fish And Seafood Products (Homemade And Takeaway) 89.1 88.0 147.6 144.0Mixed Dishes With Fish Or Seafood As The Major Component1,2

20.0 316.1 175.6 143.5

FRUIT PRODUCTS AND DISHES2* 212.0 237.3 260.0 271.1Pome Fruit 123.3 171.0 176.4 219.2Berry Fruit 85.5 93.7 99.9 77.9Citrus Fruit 93.6 119.3 138.9 143.2Stone Fruit 77.1 120.6 132.6 158.4Tropical Fruit1,2 105.8 117.7 141.2 165.9Other Fruit2 150.3 150.3 235.2 201.2Mixtures Of Two Or More Groups Of Fruit2 154.1 167.7 260.9 261.4Dried Fruit, Preserved Fruit 29.0 31.4 26.0 32.1Mixed Dishes Where Fruit Is The Major Component2 . 190.0 139.2 279.2

EGG PRODUCTS AND DISHES 41.5 70.3 66.0 70.6Eggs 35.6 54.6 55.2 54.2Dishes Where Egg Is The Major Ingredient 60.2 107.1 130.2 133.4

MEAT, POULTRY AND GAME PRODUCTS AND DISHES1,2 80.3 116.3 163.5 232.6Muscle Meat1,2 53.0 84.3 108.4 154.3Game And Other Carcase Meats . . 46.9 .





group)




Poultry And Feathered Game2 68.9 110.1 122.0 172.2Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes1,2 . 10.1 340.0 52.6Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys 51.2 78.2 93.9 89.0Processed Meat1,2 33.9 43.1 47.8 68.7Mixed Dishes Where Beef, Veal Or Lamb Is The Major Component1,2

138.1 194.5 241.3 336.4

Mixed Dishes Where Pork, Bacon, Ham Is The Major Component1

74.3 240.0 140.6 396.7

Mixed Dishes Where Poultry Or Game Is The Major Component1,2

74.2 117.9 166.3 228.6

MILK PRODUCTS AND DISHES1,2 449.3 389.7 462.8 498.1Dairy Milk (cow, sheep and goat)1,2 378.6 324.3 406.8 439.4Yoghurt2 131.4 130.1 170.4 202.6Cream 10.8 20.9 25.1 40.8Cheese2 30.4 34.8 36.7 49.3Frozen Milk Products 52.7 85.4 119.1 128.3Custards 154.2 193.0 236.4 188.3Other Dishes Where Milk Or A Milk Product Is The Major Component

131.5 157.6 131.3 166.4

Flavoured Milks2 235.6 312.7 396.6 563.5DAIRY SUBSTITUTES1,2 351.0 281.5 325.5 580.6

Dairy Milk Substitutes, Unflavoured1,2 377.8 225.3 363.5 560.3Dairy Milk Substitutes, Flavoured1 206.3 287.6 300.4 688.2Cheese Substitute . . . 5.2Soy-Based Ice Confection 50.0 . 70.0 .Soy-Based Yoghurts 135.8 125.0 68.8 .

SOUP 200.0 251.0 364.3 440.3Soup (Prepared, Ready to Eat)2 234.7 279.7 508.5 530.8Dry Soup Mix2 4.5 14.2 22.0 16.7Canned Condensed Soup (Unprepared) 28.7 75.6 59.9 81.7

SEED AND NUT PRODUCTS AND DISHES 15.3 23.2 21.9 27.0Seeds And Seed Products 12.1 . 18.4 36.7Nuts And Nut Products 15.2 23.2 21.8 26.9

SAVOURY SAUCES AND CONDIMENTS* 26.7 34.3 56.1 57.7Gravies And Savoury Sauces 27.9 35.5 59.5 60.7Pickles, Chutneys And Relishes1 13.4 27.7 22.4 18.7Salad Dressings 8.0 11.2 12.8 21.5Stuffings . . 17.8 13.0

VEGETABLE PRODUCTS AND DISHES1,2 122.7 141.9 208.7 260.3Potatoes1,2 73.9 100.9 153.3 188.2Cabbage, Cauliflower And Similar Brassica Vegetables 36.4 50.5 58.8 86.7Carrot And Similar Root Vegetables2 33.9 40.9 39.0 58.3Leaf And Stalk Vegetables 15.7 23.5 34.2 36.1Peas And Beans1 25.3 31.2 52.7 66.7Tomato And Tomato Products1 56.6 64.5 81.6 103.8Other Fruiting Vegetables 42.3 52.6 67.7 60.6Other Vegetables And Vegetable Combinations 33.8 35.7 47.3 57.8Dishes Where Vegetable Is The Major Component2 74.0 75.5 128.0 158.9

LEGUME AND PULSE PRODUCTS AND DISHES2 97.9 122.1 156.8 179.3Mature Legumes And Pulses 44.7 136.3 84.1 55.0Mature Legume And Pulse Products And Dishes2 114.9 117.2 200.5 211.6

SNACK FOODS 23.2 35.0 46.8 56.9Potato Snacks2 24.3 35.2 41.3 52.2Corn Snacks 17.1 31.9 54.8 55.9Extruded Or Reformed Snacks 25.0 26.5 24.7 32.0Pretzels1,2 10.3 49.4 21.0 200.0Other Snacks 28.1 24.2 31.6 30.4





group)




SUGAR PRODUCTS AND DISHES 26.4 36.2 39.3 41.9Sugar, Honey And Syrups 9.7 12.7 18.0 23.9Jam And Lemon Spreads, Chocolate Spreads, Sauces2 13.3 16.0 21.8 24.0Dishes And Products Other Than Confectionery Where Sugar Is The Major Component

96.5 98.2 122.7 147.2

CONFECTIONERY AND CEREAL/NUT/FRUIT/SEED BARS2 28.7 37.2 51.8 67.0Chocolate And Chocolate-Based Confectionery2 25.3 36.2 42.1 55.5Cereal-, Fruit-, Nut- And Seed-Bars 30.6 30.4 34.8 37.3Other Confectionery2 19.4 26.9 46.3 59.6

ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 19.1 11.7 22.5 246.1Beers . . . 441.4Wines 19.1 11.7 22.5 27.5Spirits . . . 38.7Other Alcoholic Beverages . . . .Pre-mixed drinks . . . 3032.0

SPECIAL DIETARY FOODS1 71.1 370.1 100.7 265.7Formula Dietary Foods1 71.1 370.1 100.7 265.7

MISCELLANEOUS 9.8 7.1 16.2 8.5Yeast And Yeast, Vegetable And Meat Extracts1 5.5 6.9 8.1 11.1Intense Sweetening Agents . . 0.6 0.2Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes 13.8 5.4 20.2 6.9Essences1 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.0Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients2 0.2 0.5 . 0.5

INFANT FORMULAE AND FOODS1,2 158.0 28.5 120.0 150.0Infant Formulae And Human Breast Milk1,2 191.8 24.1 . .Infant Cereal Products 21.0 . . .Infant Foods1 102.0 41.1 120.0 150.0Infant Drinks 149.5 . . .

Table 3.5 Mean intake of selected major and sub major food groups (consumers only): females by age group

(mean grams per consumer)


group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES1,2 694.6 881.8 1234.6 1459.2Tea 123.1 209.6 324.4 324.6Coffee And Coffee Substitutes 55.8 45.6 232.5 304.2Fruit And Vegetable Juices, And Drinks2 227.8 267.7 303.8 346.1Cordials 59.1 47.8 71.6 82.8Soft Drinks, And Flavoured Mineral Waters2 195.9 288.2 415.9 505.9Electrolyte, Energy And Fortified Drinks 265.4 416.8 537.2 442.9Mineral Waters And Water2 564.2 678.4 912.2 1104.7Other Beverage Flavourings And Prepared Beverages 32.8 68.9 79.0 127.3


62.7 84.4 86.1 90.5


46.8 55.2 71.1 74.3


29.8 39.2 49.6 58.4


Sweet Biscuits2 22.5 27.7 33.4 35.8Savoury Biscuits 19.0 23.2 29.4 39.3Cakes, Buns, Muffins, Scones, Cake-Type Desserts 53.3 76.4 90.9 102.0




group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



Pastries2 104.9 113.5 142.3 174.8Mixed Dishes Where Cereal Is The Major Ingredient1,2 136.8 188.7 217.7 228.9Batter-Based Products 50.4 52.3 79.1 76.5

FATS AND OILS2 9.0 10.8 10.8 11.9Butters 8.1 9.6 10.5 13.2Dairy Blends 8.2 10.2 12.8 11.2Margarine And Table Spreads1,2 8.3 9.3 9.7 10.0Vegetable/Nut Oil 4.4 10.3 5.0 5.3Other Fats 1.8 2.3 . .Unspecified Fats2 6.9 2.4 10.8 7.5

FISH AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTS AND DISHES2 80.3 86.1 106.7 131.8Fin Fish (Excluding Commercially Sterile)1,2 71.5 82.3 112.6 78.9Crustacea And Molluscs (Excluding Commercially Sterile)1,2 40.8 41.2 74.8 57.4Other Sea And Freshwater Foods . . 22.0 .Packed (Commercially Sterile) Fish And Seafood1 52.1 45.0 96.6 114.4Fish And Seafood Products (Homemade And Takeaway) 82.8 104.9 91.1 126.2Mixed Dishes With Fish Or Seafood As The Major Component1,2

180.0 506.0 115.1 144.1

FRUIT PRODUCTS AND DISHES2* 204.4 220.6 240.1 245.8Pome Fruit 119.4 158.9 187.1 192.0Berry Fruit 75.0 64.4 84.8 65.3Citrus Fruit 81.0 118.4 124.6 138.3Stone Fruit 71.2 95.7 142.0 134.5Tropical Fruit1,2 102.4 123.1 129.0 126.1Other Fruit2 104.4 145.6 176.7 179.0Mixtures Of Two Or More Groups Of Fruit2 122.6 149.0 175.6 181.9Dried Fruit, Preserved Fruit 35.6 29.9 36.7 49.9Mixed Dishes Where Fruit Is The Major Component2 . 55.4 125.7 137.4


MEAT, POULTRY AND GAME PRODUCTS AND DISHES1,2 81.3 94.3 146.2 137.0Muscle Meat1,2 67.5 72.7 110.6 95.0Game And Other Carcase Meats . . 86.0 .Poultry And Feathered Game2 64.5 81.2 122.9 144.8Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes1,2 38.2 62.5 26.5 42.2Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys 50.4 59.7 83.9 81.3Processed Meat1,2 36.1 45.1 43.9 45.1Mixed Dishes Where Beef, Veal Or Lamb Is The Major Component1,2

103.5 134.3 196.2 185.2


210.0 79.2 94.3 172.2


68.1 87.7 139.1 132.9


131.0 117.2 115.5 149.3


Dairy Milk Substitutes, Unflavoured1,2 260.6 260.6 234.3 202.6





group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



Dairy Milk Substitutes, Flavoured1 . 458.1 143.5 362.8Cheese Substitute 28.5 13.8 . .Soy-Based Ice Confection 59.8 29.9 . 57.1Soy-Based Yoghurts 99.1 138.4 70.0 .

SOUP 201.6 309.2 388.7 338.5Soup (Prepared, Ready to Eat)2 207.1 332.1 407.8 369.4Dry Soup Mix2 4.5 5.1 185.1 20.7Canned Condensed Soup (Unprepared) . 198.8 86.4 100.9


SAVOURY SAUCES AND CONDIMENTS 24.2 29.2 49.6 52.6Gravies And Savoury Sauces 24.5 30.4 52.7 55.5Pickles, Chutneys And Relishes1 20.1 13.9 17.4 27.4Salad Dressings 8.0 9.6 14.1 15.2Stuffings . . . .

VEGETABLE PRODUCTS AND DISHES1,2 122.7 141.5 192.0 220.8Potatoes1,2 72.5 99.2 133.3 148.7Cabbage, Cauliflower And Similar Brassica Vegetables 43.9 47.0 62.0 61.1Carrot And Similar Root Vegetables2 31.4 36.8 40.5 43.2Leaf And Stalk Vegetables 26.1 22.6 33.2 34.1Peas And Beans1 30.3 33.3 47.7 50.3Tomato And Tomato Products1 59.9 66.4 81.7 77.6Other Fruiting Vegetables 48.4 48.5 60.4 79.0Other Vegetables And Vegetable Combinations 35.3 35.8 46.5 48.1Dishes Where Vegetable Is The Major Component2 54.6 66.7 84.0 110.2


SNACK FOODS 26.8 31.9 39.9 47.6Potato Snacks2 23.7 26.0 35.5 40.6Corn Snacks 23.1 32.0 43.6 60.8Extruded Or Reformed Snacks 33.9 31.1 37.4 21.2Pretzels1,2 13.9 31.3 37.7 36.7Other Snacks 27.4 27.6 23.0 49.9

SUGAR PRODUCTS AND DISHES 22.0 34.7 49.7 32.4Sugar, Honey And Syrups 9.9 13.0 15.9 19.9Jam And Lemon Spreads, Chocolate Spreads, Sauces2 10.6 13.8 18.8 18.0Dishes And Products Other Than Confectionery Where Sugar Is The Major Component

84.8 108.0 146.4 107.5


ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 23.2 15.6 39.4 918.4Beers . . . .Wines 23.2 15.6 40.9 25.5Spirits . . 3.0 .Other Alcoholic Beverages . . 64.8 32.0Pre-mixed drinks . . . 2173.5


MISCELLANEOUS 10.8 11.2 9.0 11.2Yeast & Yeast-, Vegetable- And Meat-Extracts1 6.6 7.0 8.0 7.0Intense Sweetening Agents . . 0.8 0.4Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes 13.9 15.4 8.4 13.2Essences1 0.0 2.5 1.2 2.3Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients2 0.4 . 0.6 0.7

INFANT FORMULAE AND FOODS1,2 150.7 247.2 233.9 44.0




group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



Infant Formulae And Human Breast Milk1,2 165.8 247.2 . .Infant Cereal Products 200.5 . . .Infant Foods1 57.3 . 233.9 44.0Infant Drinks 216.5 . . .

* refer to appendix 2, Table A2.3 for cell counts1=age by sex interaction, 2=sex main effect (refer to for statistical results tables and guidance on interpretation) Table 3.5 Mean intake of selected major and sub major food groups (consumers only): all children by age group (MEAN GRAMS PER CONSUMER)


group)




NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES1,3 706.6 945.6 1343.0 1569.8Tea3 140.2 228.3 302.6 345.3Coffee And Coffee Substitutes3 73.4 56.4 243.8 283.2Fruit And Vegetable Juices, And Drinks3 229.3 288.9 327.3 387.4Cordials3 54.3 56.1 71.5 85.7Soft Drinks, And Flavoured Mineral Waters3 199.5 305.3 458.0 566.7Electrolyte, Energy And Fortified Drinks 265.4 464.7 610.8 549.8Mineral Waters And Water3 576.3 723.2 977.9 1146.4Other Beverage Flavourings And Prepared Beverages3 37.3 66.7 78.5 114.9


65.6 85.4 92.9 109.1


47.5 61.8 79.3 94.1


32.0 42.4 58.4 74.4

Breakfast Cereal, Hot Porridge Type3 201.0 200.9 278.0 360.0CEREAL-BASED PRODUCTS AND DISHES1,3 75.5 118.2 169.9 220.8

Sweet Biscuits3 22.6 30.2 33.7 43.4Savoury Biscuits3 18.8 25.2 30.5 39.2Cakes, Buns, Muffins, Scones, Cake-Type Desserts3 52.3 75.7 91.1 103.2Pastries3 96.2 119.4 151.8 206.0Mixed Dishes Where Cereal Is The Major Ingredient1,3 143.3 182.0 227.8 285.8Batter-Based Products3 46.4 52.9 81.2 91.8

FATS AND OILS3 9.1 10.9 11.1 13.0Butters3 8.2 9.9 11.0 13.7Dairy Blends3 8.5 9.7 11.3 11.5Margarine And Table Spreads1,3 8.4 9.7 10.4 12.0Vegetable/Nut Oil3 4.2 8.8 6.1 5.8Other Fats 1.8 3.9 . .Unspecified Fats 5.7 3.0 5.6 6.8

FISH AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTS AND DISHES3 76.8 98.9 123.1 135.7Fin Fish (Excluding Commercially Sterile)1,3 76.8 97.1 127.2 123.8Crustacea And Molluscs (Excluding Commercially Sterile)1,3 45.5 98.2 93.4 87.7Other Sea And Freshwater Foods . . 22.0 .Packed (Commercially Sterile) Fish And Seafood1,3 53.5 67.0 93.4 105.5Fish And Seafood Products (Homemade And Takeaway)3 85.3 96.3 121.8 135.1Mixed Dishes With Fish Or Seafood As The Major Component1,3

126.6 379.9 149.3 143.9

FRUIT PRODUCTS AND DISHES3* 208.3 228.9 249.8 258.0

* refer to appendix 2, Table A2.4 for cell counts1=age by sex interaction, 3=age group main effect (refer to appendix 3 for statistical results tables and guidance on

interpretation)




group)




Stone Fruit3 74.7 106.2 138.1 142.6Tropical Fruit1,3 104.0 120.3 135.1 146.5Other Fruit3 126.4 147.8 204.5 187.5Mixtures Of Two Or More Groups Of Fruit3 140.8 159.1 232.0 217.6Dried Fruit, Preserved Fruit 31.9 30.8 30.9 41.0Mixed Dishes Where Fruit Is The Major Component3 . 87.9 128.3 229.1

EGG PRODUCTS AND DISHES3 43.5 62.1 62.6 68.2Eggs3 38.5 49.8 50.5 51.4Dishes Where Egg Is The Major Ingredient3 57.8 98.9 124.1 132.0

MEAT, POULTRY AND GAME PRODUCTS AND DISHES1,3 80.8 105.7 155.3 187.4Muscle Meat1,3 59.9 78.9 109.4 126.4Game And Other Carcase Meats . . 76.7 .Poultry And Feathered Game3 66.6 95.6 122.4 159.7Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes1,3 38.2 34.3 121.4 46.5Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys3 50.8 70.0 89.8 86.0Processed Meat1,3 35.0 44.1 46.0 57.5Mixed Dishes Where Beef, Veal Or Lamb Is The Major Component1,3

120.3 168.6 220.1 272.1


86.1 160.9 127.2 239.4


70.6 102.8 152.5 191.5

MILK PRODUCTS AND DISHES1,3 437.7 370.2 408.4 424.4Dairy Milk (cow, sheep and goat)1,3 377.7 313.3 360.1 374.8Yoghurt3 125.7 130.6 157.3 185.5Cream3 11.3 21.7 27.3 34.1Cheese3 29.6 32.6 34.5 45.9Frozen Milk Products3 54.3 78.2 112.8 125.8Custards3 143.8 197.2 189.6 211.8Other Dishes Where Milk Or A Milk Product Is The Major Component

131.3 140.5 123.6 157.1

Flavoured Milks3 228.3 299.1 390.5 485.2DAIRY SUBSTITUTES1 298.8 276.8 263.2 399.5

Dairy Milk Substitutes, Unflavoured1 312.8 246.1 296.7 382.2Dairy Milk Substitutes, Flavoured1,3 206.3 348.4 240.3 443.5Cheese Substitute 28.5 13.8 . 5.2Soy-Based Ice Confection 58.5 29.9 70.0 57.1Soy-Based Yoghurts3 129.6 134.1 69.4 .

SOUP3 200.7 283.3 378.6 381.8Soup (Prepared, Ready to Eat)3 220.8 309.1 442.8 433.9Dry Soup Mix3 4.5 9.4 56.3 19.2Canned Condensed Soup (Unprepared)3 28.7 142.3 69.3 88.8

SEED AND NUT PRODUCTS AND DISHES3 17.0 19.0 25.1 26.6Seeds And Seed Products 7.7 12.8 23.4 19.7Nuts And Nut Products3 17.2 18.9 24.8 26.6

SAVOURY SAUCES AND CONDIMENTS3 25.5 31.7 53.1 55.2Gravies And Savoury Sauces3 26.3 32.8 56.4 58.2Pickles, Chutneys And Relishes1 17.1 20.3 19.8 22.1Salad Dressings3 8.0 10.4 13.4 18.6Stuffings . . 17.8 13.0

VEGETABLE PRODUCTS AND DISHES1,3 122.7 141.7 200.4 240.7Potatoes1,3 73.2 100.1 143.5 168.1Cabbage, Cauliflower And Similar Brassica Vegetables3 40.1 48.9 60.3 72.7Carrot And Similar Root Vegetables3 32.8 38.7 39.7 50.2Leaf And Stalk Vegetables3 21.7 23.1 33.7 35.1Peas And Beans1,3 27.6 32.2 50.2 58.5Tomato And Tomato Products1,3 58.2 65.4 81.7 91.3Other Fruiting Vegetables3 45.3 50.5 63.9 71.1




group)




Other Vegetables And Vegetable Combinations3 34.5 35.7 46.9 53.2Dishes Where Vegetable Is The Major Component3 64.1 71.1 106.3 134.7


SNACK FOODS3 25.0 33.6 43.5 52.6Potato Snacks3 23.9 30.9 38.7 47.3Corn Snacks3 19.9 32.0 49.3 58.1Extruded Or Reformed Snacks 28.8 28.6 30.3 26.1Pretzels1,3 12.4 46.7 35.1 81.8Other Snacks 27.7 25.9 27.3 41.8

SUGAR PRODUCTS AND DISHES3 24.3 35.5 44.3 37.3Sugar, Honey And Syrups3 9.8 12.8 17.1 21.9Jam And Lemon Spreads, Chocolate Spreads, Sauces3 12.3 14.9 20.3 21.1Dishes And Products Other Than Confectionery Where Sugar Is The Major Component3

91.4 102.5 136.1 127.7

CONFECTIONERY AND CEREAL/NUT/FRUIT/SEED BARS3 27.7 37.0 48.0 59.1Chocolate And Chocolate-Based Confectionery3 22.3 36.5 41.2 48.2Cereal-, Fruit-, Nut- And Seed-Bars3 30.5 30.9 34.4 36.4Other Confectionery3 19.3 23.6 38.2 49.6

ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES3 20.8 13.1 32.6 618.5Beers . . . 441.4Wines3 20.8 13.1 32.4 26.6Spirits . . 3.0 38.7Other Alcoholic Beverages . . 64.8 32.0Pre-mixed drinks . . . 2229.7

SPECIAL DIETARY FOODS1,3 83.2 215.6 111.8 215.8Formula Dietary Foods1,3 83.2 215.6 111.8 215.8

MISCELLANEOUS 10.3 9.1 12.7 9.8Yeast & Yeast-, Vegetable- And Meat-Extracts1,3 6.0 7.0 8.0 8.5Intense Sweetening Agents . . 0.6 0.3Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes 13.9 10.1 14.8 9.5Essences1,3 0.7 1.4 1.2 2.0Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7

INFANT FORMULAE AND FOODS1,3 154.5 44.5 207.8 107.7Infant Formulae And Human Breast Milk1 178.0 45.6 . .Infant Cereal Products 122.0 . . .Infant Foods1,3 85.7 41.1 207.8 107.7Infant Drinks 186.6 . . .

* refer to appendix 2, Table A2.4 for cell counts1=age by sex interaction, 3=age group main effect (refer to appendix 3 for statistical results tables and guidance on

interpretation)

Table 3.7 Persons consuming selected major and sub major food groups: males by age group

(percent) MALES 2–3 years

(Age group)

4–8 years (Age

group)

9–13 years(Age group)


NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES2 97.5 99.2 99.8 99.5Tea 2.7 5.0 5.0 11.3Coffee And Coffee Substitutes 0.5 0.4 3.2 10.6Fruit And Vegetable Juices, And Drinks 47.0 50.9 42.6 41.8Cordials2 22.6 20.7 21.9 20.6Soft Drinks, And Flavoured Mineral Waters1,2 12.1 23.2 41.0 45.8Electrolyte, Energy And Fortified Drinks1,2 0.0 0.8 4.9 6.3Mineral Waters And Water 92.3 94.1 96.2 89.4Other Beverage Flavourings And Prepared Beverages 19.8 24.4 29.1 20.3

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS1 98.8 98.6 95.4 95.4Flours And Other Cereal Grains And Starches 21.1 17.3 20.2 17.1




group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



Regular Breads, And Bread Rolls (Plain/Unfilled/Untopped Varieties)1

83.2 82.1 72.3 73.1


14.1 20.6 16.2 19.5

Pasta And Pasta Products 29.2 28.4 25.4 22.6Breakfast Cereals And Bars, Unfortified And Fortified Varieties1,2

64.2 59.7 58.0 52.6

Breakfast Cereal, Hot Porridge Type 5.2 2.3 3.0 2.0CEREAL-BASED PRODUCTS AND DISHES1 81.4 77.7 78.6 75.6

Sweet Biscuits 35.8 29.9 30.7 27.3Savoury Biscuits 37.3 28.7 22.5 15.9Cakes, Buns, Muffins, Scones, Cake-Type Desserts 20.9 21.0 21.4 20.4Pastries 12.3 14.0 19.0 20.1Mixed Dishes Where Cereal Is The Major Ingredient 14.2 21.8 25.8 31.1Batter-Based Products2 10.7 12.4 11.6 9.2

FATS AND OILS 76.9 69.2 58.2 55.1Butters 15.1 18.8 14.6 14.2Dairy Blends1 15.9 13.0 13.2 8.3Margarine and Table Spreads 46.6 37.9 27.9 29.6Vegetable/Nut Oil 10.1 8.1 6.4 9.9Other Fats1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0Unspecified Fats 0.9 0.7 1.3 0.8

FISH AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTS AND DISHES 14.4 11.6 12.2 9.4Fin Fish (Excluding Commercially Sterile) 3.4 2.2 2.7 2.4Crustacea And Molluscs (Excluding Commercially Sterile) 1.4 0.8 1.2 0.7Other Sea And Freshwater Foods1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Packed (Commercially Sterile) Fish And Seafood 4.8 3.5 4.0 2.3Fish And Seafood Products (Homemade And Takeaway) 5.0 6.3 5.0 3.9Mixed Dishes With Fish Or Seafood As The Major Component 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.6

FRUIT PRODUCTS AND DISHES1* 87.6 73.6 60.2 49.2Pome Fruit 52.1 41.9 34.8 25.6Berry Fruit 9.1 7.3 2.9 3.4Citrus Fruit 22.4 17.8 15.3 16.0Stone Fruit 5.0 4.8 3.5 1.9Tropical Fruit 36.3 27.4 20.5 15.9Other Fruit2 23.5 19.3 11.4 7.2Mixtures Of Two Or More Groups Of Fruit 6.3 3.0 3.6 1.6Dried Fruit, Preserved Fruit 18.7 9.0 3.4 4.6Mixed Dishes Where Fruit Is The Major Component 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.8


MEAT, POULTRY AND GAME PRODUCTS and DISHES 75.8 79.8 79.1 78.4Muscle Meat 31.8 29.0 28.8 30.2Game And Other Carcase Meats 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0Poultry And Feathered Game 17.5 15.7 22.4 21.4Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes1,2 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.2Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys2 14.0 13.5 14.5 11.8Processed Meat 23.0 31.0 27.9 28.8Mixed Dishes Where Beef, Veal Or Lamb Is The Major Component

7.9 5.3 8.1 8.4


0.6 0.2 0.7 0.4

Mixed Dishes Where Poultry Or Game Is The Major Component1

7.4 13.8 13.6 17.0

MILK PRODUCTS AND DISHES 96.7 93.0 89.0 89.5





group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



Dairy Milk (cow, sheep and goat)2 88.1 79.1 73.4 70.7Yoghurt 38.7 22.9 14.3 12.2Cream1 3.6 4.1 5.0 3.9Cheese1 53.3 47.0 36.2 38.6Frozen Milk Products 17.1 23.6 25.5 23.6Custards 6.8 4.5 2.5 1.0Other Dishes Where Milk Or A Milk Product Is The Major Component

1.9 3.4 3.3 2.3


Dairy Milk Substitutes, Unflavoured 5.0 2.0 1.2 1.6Dairy Milk Substitutes, Flavoured2 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.3Cheese Substitute1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2Soy-Based Ice Confection1,2 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0Soy-Based Yoghurts2 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.0

SOUP 7.5 6.2 6.5 7.2Soup (Prepared, Ready to Eat)2 6.3 5.4 4.6 5.8Dry Soup Mix 0.5 0.4 1.5 0.4Canned Condensed Soup (Unprepared)2 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.9

SEED AND NUT PRODUCTS AND DISHES 13.3 12.1 13.4 16.5Seeds And Seed Products1,2 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.1Nuts And Nut Products 13.0 12.1 13.3 16.5

SAVOURY SAUCES AND CONDIMENTS 44.8 46.1 56.6 60.9Gravies And Savoury Sauces 39.5 39.5 49.9 50.3Pickles, Chutneys And Relishes 4.3 3.2 2.2 4.8Salad Dressings 4.5 8.2 11.7 17.0Stuffings1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.3

VEGETABLE PRODUCTS AND DISHES 77.4 77.2 77.2 77.9Potatoes 38.2 39.3 43.2 42.9Cabbage, Cauliflower And Similar Brassica Vegetables 19.7 18.1 18.1 14.5Carrot And Similar Root Vegetables1 37.6 31.2 33.7 28.8Leaf And Stalk Vegetables 9.1 17.1 18.5 24.9Peas And Beans 21.9 18.3 17.9 18.2Tomato And Tomato Products 20.7 20.8 20.0 24.7Other Fruiting Vegetables2 27.2 21.8 22.6 18.9Other Vegetables And Vegetable Combinations 38.4 26.5 29.5 33.2Dishes Where Vegetable Is The Major Component 5.0 5.1 7.6 9.6




8.2 12.5 8.5 5.3


ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 1.5 0.5 0.4 1.8Beers 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5Wines 1.5 0.5 0.4 1.3Spirits1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1




group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



Other Alcoholic Beverages1,2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Pre-mixed drinks1,2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1


MISCELLANEOUS 52.1 39.9 36.4 42.0Yeast & Yeast-, Vegetable- And Meat-Extracts1,2 38.4 25.4 15.8 12.4Intense Sweetening Agents 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.0Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes 21.5 19.4 22.8 32.0Essences 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2

INFANT FORMULAE AND FOODS 6.5 0.7 0.1 0.1Infant Formulae And Human Breast Milk2 3.6 0.5 0.0 0.0Infant Cereal Products2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0Infant Foods2 2.8 0.2 0.1 0.1Infant Drinks 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0


Table 3.5 Persons consuming selected major and sub major food groups: females by age group (percent)*







group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES2 98.9 99.4 100.0 99.3Tea 3.3 4.9 8.3 13.9Coffee And Coffee Substitutes 0.4 0.4 1.5 9.7Fruit And Vegetable Juices, And Drinks 45.0 44.2 45.9 45.9Cordials2 17.5 20.5 20.3 17.0Soft Drinks, And Flavoured Mineral Waters1,2 12.8 21.4 35.9 34.5Electrolyte, Energy And Fortified Drinks1,2 0.6 0.7 2.0 2.6Mineral Waters And Water 95.0 96.9 95.4 89.4Other Beverage Flavourings And Prepared Beverages 21.0 24.2 25.2 21.9

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS1 99.8 97.4 95.5 93.9Flours And Other Cereal Grains And Starches 22.0 17.0 17.0 17.5Regular Breads, And Bread Rolls (Plain/Unfilled/Untopped Varieties)1

78.0 77.6 75.6 71.5


19.4 17.2 20.0 16.4

Pasta And Pasta Products 28.8 25.0 25.3 25.5Breakfast Cereals And Bars, Unfortified And Fortified Varieties1,2

61.2 53.3 41.2 32.0

Breakfast Cereal, Hot Porridge Type 5.6 4.5 3.6 1.8CEREAL-BASED PRODUCTS AND DISHES1 79.0 84.1 82.3 75.0

Sweet Biscuits 36.0 34.4 30.2 25.1Savoury Biscuits 37.2 32.3 24.5 18.0Cakes, Buns, Muffins, Scones, Cake-Type Desserts 17.5 22.9 23.5 20.5Pastries 9.2 15.6 19.3 18.6Mixed Dishes Where Cereal Is The Major Ingredient 13.4 18.5 25.9 23.4Batter-Based Products2 12.1 14.9 15.2 10.9

FATS AND OILS 74.5 68.7 61.3 59.6Butters 17.4 15.8 14.5 13.4Dairy Blends1 12.8 13.8 9.2 12.5Margarine And Table Spreads 44.6 40.0 35.3 32.9Vegetable/Nut Oil 10.4 7.4 8.0 9.2Other Fats1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0Unspecified Fats 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.7

FISH AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTS AND DISHES 14.9 14.1 12.6 11.1Fin Fish (Excluding Commercially Sterile) 3.8 3.6 3.0 2.0Crustacea And Molluscs (Excluding Commercially Sterile) 0.6 1.5 1.8 0.9Other Sea And Freshwater Foods1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0Packed (Commercially Sterile) Fish And Seafood 3.4 3.5 4.5 4.8Fish And Seafood Products (Homemade And Takeaway) 7.7 6.4 4.4 4.1Mixed Dishes With Fish Or Seafood As The Major Component

0.5 0.1 0.4 1.2

FRUIT PRODUCTS AND DISHES1* 83.4 77.8 65.8 54.9Pome Fruit 51.6 40.4 36.8 28.6Berry Fruit 10.9 4.7 4.5 2.6Citrus Fruit 22.2 21.4 17.8 17.9Stone Fruit 3.4 6.9 5.0 3.9Tropical Fruit 41.4 26.8 21.0 15.9Other Fruit2 25.8 23.0 13.1 12.2Mixtures Of Two Or More Groups Of Fruit 4.7 2.7 2.0 2.0Dried Fruit, Preserved Fruit 14.7 6.1 3.1 4.9Mixed Dishes Where Fruit Is The Major Component 0.0 0.3 0.9 0.5


MEAT, POULTRY AND GAME PRODUCTS and DISHES 77.4 77.8 74.1 74.0





group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



Muscle Meat 29.0 26.1 26.3 28.2Game And Other Carcase Meats 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0Poultry And Feathered Game 18.8 16.8 18.9 18.8Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes1,2 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys2 12.8 11.4 10.7 7.6Processed Meat 22.8 33.9 25.5 27.2Mixed Dishes Where Beef, Veal Or Lamb Is The Major Component

8.5 4.3 7.6 6.5


0.1 0.2 0.3 0.9

Mixed Dishes Where Poultry Or Game Is The Major Component1

11.1 14.4 14.7 11.3

MILK PRODUCTS AND DISHES 97.6 91.5 88.8 84.0Dairy Milk (cow, sheep and goat)2 86.8 74.1 66.0 58.1Yoghurt 35.9 23.2 13.6 14.6Cream1 3.8 4.0 4.0 8.0Cheese1 52.7 44.7 44.7 39.9Frozen Milk Products 18.8 28.7 28.4 19.1Custards 6.9 4.3 2.8 2.0Other Dishes Where Milk Or A Milk Product Is The Major Component

1.1 2.6 3.3 2.9


Dairy Milk Substitutes, Unflavoured 6.3 3.1 1.4 1.6Dairy Milk Substitutes, Flavoured2 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.9Cheese Substitute1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0Soy-Based Ice Confection1,2 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.3Soy-Based Yoghurts2 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.0

SOUP 6.6 8.1 9.6 10.2Soup (Prepared, Ready to Eat)2 6.4 7.3 8.9 9.2Dry Soup Mix 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.8Canned Condensed Soup (Unprepared)2 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.6

SEED AND NUT PRODUCTS AND DISHES 14.3 13.6 12.0 16.4Seeds And Seed Products1,2 0.9 0.3 1.0 0.7Nuts And Nut Products 13.7 13.6 11.3 15.8

SAVOURY SAUCES AND CONDIMENTS 43.4 51.2 52.4 58.3Gravies And Savoury Sauces 36.8 45.1 45.4 49.5Pickles, Chutneys And Relishes 5.2 3.9 2.5 3.3Salad Dressings 5.7 7.3 11.8 14.9Stuffings1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

VEGETABLE PRODUCTS AND DISHES 77.9 79.9 78.7 81.0Potatoes 38.6 43.1 43.4 46.8Cabbage, Cauliflower And Similar Brassica Vegetables 19.5 16.6 16.3 18.2Carrot And Similar Root Vegetables1 31.0 36.6 33.5 34.6Leaf And Stalk Vegetables 12.4 13.2 22.2 23.4Peas And Beans 19.4 17.4 17.8 19.1Tomato And Tomato Products 19.4 19.5 22.6 23.4Other Fruiting Vegetables2 26.6 25.0 25.9 26.4Other Vegetables And Vegetable Combinations 36.6 31.8 28.3 32.5Dishes Where Vegetable Is The Major Component 5.3 5.5 7.7 9.9



SUGAR PRODUCTS AND DISHES 47.6 51.9 49.7 48.1




group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



Sugar, Honey And Syrups 35.2 34.3 32.7 38.0Jam And Lemon Spreads, Chocolate Spreads, Sauces 13.6 17.6 14.0 12.6Dishes And Products Other Than Confectionery Where Sugar Is The Major Component

6.5 10.3 11.5 5.4


ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 1.0 0.3 0.7 2.4Beers 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Wines 1.0 0.3 0.5 1.1Spirits1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0Other Alcoholic Beverages1,2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3Pre-mixed drinks1,2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0


MISCELLANEOUS 47.9 42.2 36.8 42.3Yeast & Yeast-, Vegetable- And Meat-Extracts1,2 31.7 27.9 19.6 21.6Intense Sweetening Agents 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.8Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes 22.1 17.8 20.7 24.1Essences 0.1 0.2 0.7 1.1Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients1 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.9

INFANT FORMULAE AND FOODS 6.1 0.1 0.3 0.1Infant Formulae And Human Breast Milk2 4.1 0.1 0.0 0.0Infant Cereal Products2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0Infant Foods2 1.6 0.0 0.3 0.1Infant Drinks 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

* refer to appendix 2, Table A2.1 for cell counts1=age by sex interaction, 2=sex main effect (refer to appendix 3 for statistical results tables and guidance on interpretation) Table 3.6 Persons consuming selected major and sub major food groups: all children by age group (percent)*

* refer to appendix 2, Table A2.1 for cell counts1=age by sex interaction, 3=age group main effect (refer to appendix 3 for statistical results tables and guidance on interpretation)




group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES3 98.2 99.3 99.9 99.4Tea3 3.0 5.0 6.6 12.6Coffee And Coffee Substitutes3 0.4 0.4 2.3 10.2Fruit And Vegetable Juices, And Drinks 46.0 47.7 44.2 43.8Cordials 20.0 20.6 21.1 18.8Soft Drinks, And Flavoured Mineral Waters1,3 12.5 22.3 38.5 40.3Electrolyte, Energy And Fortified Drinks1,3 0.3 0.8 3.5 4.5Mineral Waters And Water3 93.6 95.5 95.8 89.4Other Beverage Flavourings And Prepared Beverages3 20.4 24.3 27.2 21.1

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS1,3 99.3 98.0 95.4 94.7Flours And Other Cereal Grains And Starches3 21.6 17.1 18.6 17.3Regular Breads, And Bread Rolls (Plain/Unfilled/Untopped Varieties)1,3

80.6 79.9 73.9 72.3


16.7 18.9 18.1 18.0

Pasta And Pasta Products3 29.0 26.7 25.3 24.0Breakfast Cereals And Bars, Unfortified And Fortified Varieties1,3

62.7 56.6 49.8 42.6

Breakfast Cereal, Hot Porridge Type3 5.4 3.4 3.3 1.9CEREAL-BASED PRODUCTS AND DISHES1,3 80.2 80.8 80.4 75.3

Sweet Biscuits3 35.9 32.1 30.5 26.2Savoury Biscuits3 37.3 30.4 23.5 16.9Cakes, Buns, Muffins, Scones, Cake-Type Desserts 19.2 21.9 22.4 20.4Pastries3 10.8 14.8 19.1 19.3Mixed Dishes Where Cereal Is The Major Ingredient3 13.8 20.2 25.9 27.4Batter-Based Products 11.4 13.6 13.3 10.0

FATS AND OILS3 75.7 69.0 59.7 57.3Butters 16.2 17.4 14.6 13.8Dairy Blends1,3 14.4 13.4 11.2 10.3Margarine And Table Spreads3 45.6 38.9 31.5 31.2Vegetable/Nut Oil 10.3 7.7 7.2 9.5Other Fats1,3 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0Unspecified Fats 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.2

FISH AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTS AND DISHES3 14.6 12.8 12.4 10.2Fin Fish (Excluding Commercially Sterile) 3.6 2.9 2.8 2.2Crustacea And Molluscs (Excluding Commercially Sterile) 1.0 1.1 1.5 0.8Other Sea And Freshwater Foods1,3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0Packed (Commercially Sterile) Fish And Seafood 4.1 3.5 4.2 3.6Fish And Seafood Products (Homemade And Takeaway) 6.4 6.3 4.7 4.0Mixed Dishes With Fish Or Seafood As The Major Component3

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.9

FRUIT PRODUCTS AND DISHES1,3* 85.5 75.7 62.9 52.0Pome Fruit3 51.9 41.1 35.8 27.1Berry Fruit3 10.0 6.1 3.7 3.0Citrus Fruit3 22.3 19.5 16.5 16.9Stone Fruit3 4.2 5.8 4.2 2.9Tropical Fruit3 38.8 27.1 20.7 15.9Other Fruit3 24.6 21.1 12.2 9.6Mixtures Of Two Or More Groups Of Fruit3 5.5 2.8 2.8 1.8Dried Fruit, Preserved Fruit3 16.7 7.6 3.2 4.7Mixed Dishes Where Fruit Is The Major Component3 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.6


MEAT, POULTRY AND GAME PRODUCTS and DISHES 76.6 78.8 76.7 76.3





group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



Muscle Meat 30.4 27.6 27.6 29.2Game And Other Carcase Meats3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0Poultry And Feathered Game 18.1 16.2 20.7 20.1Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes1,3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys 13.4 12.5 12.7 9.8Processed Meat3 22.9 32.4 26.8 28.1Mixed Dishes Where Beef, Veal Or Lamb Is The Major Component3

8.2 4.8 7.9 7.5


0.4 0.2 0.5 0.7


9.3 14.1 14.1 14.2

MILK PRODUCTS AND DISHES3 97.2 92.3 88.9 86.8Dairy Milk (cow, sheep and goat)3 87.5 76.6 69.8 64.5Yoghurt3 37.3 23.0 13.9 13.4Cream1 3.7 4.1 4.5 5.9Cheese1,3 53.0 45.9 40.3 39.3Frozen Milk Products3 17.9 26.1 26.9 21.4Custards3 6.9 4.4 2.7 1.5Other Dishes Where Milk Or A Milk Product Is The Major Component

1.5 3.0 3.3 2.6

Flavoured Milks3 4.5 7.4 9.0 9.8DAIRY SUBSTITUTES3 6.4 3.2 2.2 2.2

Dairy Milk Substitutes, Unflavoured3 5.6 2.6 1.3 1.6Dairy Milk Substitutes, Flavoured 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.6Cheese Substitute1,3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1Soy-Based Ice Confection1,3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2Soy-Based Yoghurts3 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.0


SEED AND NUT PRODUCTS AND DISHES3 13.8 12.9 12.7 16.4Seeds And Seed Products1,3 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.4Nuts And Nut Products3 13.3 12.8 12.3 16.1

SAVOURY SAUCES AND CONDIMENTS3 44.1 48.6 54.6 59.6Gravies And Savoury Sauces3 38.2 42.2 47.7 49.9Pickles, Chutneys And Relishes 4.7 3.6 2.4 4.1Salad Dressings3 5.1 7.7 11.8 16.0Stuffings1,3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1

VEGETABLE PRODUCTS AND DISHES 77.6 78.5 77.9 79.4Potatoes 38.4 41.2 43.3 44.8Cabbage, Cauliflower And Similar Brassica Vegetables 19.6 17.3 17.2 16.3Carrot And Similar Root Vegetables1 34.3 33.8 33.6 31.6Leaf And Stalk Vegetables3 10.7 15.2 20.3 24.2Peas And Beans 20.7 17.9 17.9 18.6Tomato And Tomato Products 20.0 20.2 21.2 24.1Other Fruiting Vegetables 26.9 23.4 24.2 22.5Other Vegetables And Vegetable Combinations3 37.5 29.1 28.9 32.8Dishes Where Vegetable Is The Major Component3 5.1 5.3 7.6 9.8


SNACK FOODS3 19.5 31.3 31.6 26.6Potato Snacks3 8.2 16.9 18.8 18.1Corn Snacks 6.1 8.0 8.9 5.9Extruded Or Reformed Snacks 2.0 3.0 2.6 2.1Pretzels 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.2Other Snacks3 3.7 6.6 4.2 3.1





group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



Sugar, Honey And Syrups 35.2 35.5 35.7 38.4Jam And Lemon Spreads, Chocolate Spreads, Sauces3 17.0 17.4 14.0 12.9Dishes And Products Other Than Confectionery Where Sugar Is The Major Component3

7.4 11.4 10.0 5.3


ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES3 1.2 0.4 0.6 2.1Beers 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2Wines3 1.2 0.4 0.5 1.2Spirits1,3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1Other Alcoholic Beverages1,3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1Pre-mixed drinks1,3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5


MISCELLANEOUS3 50.0 41.0 36.6 42.2Yeast & Yeast-, Vegetable- And Meat-Extracts1,3 35.1 26.6 17.6 16.9Intense Sweetening Agents3 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.9Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes3 21.8 18.7 21.7 28.1Essences 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients1,3 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.5

INFANT FORMULAE AND FOODS3 6.3 0.4 0.2 0.1Infant Formulae And Human Breast Milk3 3.9 0.3 0.0 0.0Infant Cereal Products3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0Infant Foods3 2.2 0.1 0.2 0.1Infant Drinks3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0




4.2 Portion sizeTable 3.7 Mean portion size of selected major and sub major food groups: males by age group (consumers only)(average grams per eating occasion per consumer)*





NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES2 242.8 316.5 381.6 439.7Tea 144.2 189.5 233.3 268.7Coffee And Coffee Substitutes 87.1 66.5 226.6 210.1Fruit And Vegetable Juices, And Drinks1,2 160.1 210.4 252.7 309.1Cordials1 38.6 47.8 48.5 72.7Soft Drinks, And Flavoured Mineral Waters2 172.3 277.9 356.5 404.0Electrolyte, Energy And Fortified Drinks . 501.0 556.7 482.8Mineral Waters And Water2 309.3 402.1 512.6 577.4Other Beverage Flavourings And Prepared Beverages 34.2 54.1 68.4 79.7


47.5 57.5 65.0 78.7


45.7 58.3 77.2 95.6


30.5 41.1 56.1 72.7


Sweet Biscuits1,2 19.0 26.0 27.3 40.1Savoury Biscuits1 15.1 22.5 25.9 35.2Cakes, Buns, Muffins, Scones, Cake-Type Desserts 48.0 67.9 80.0 92.7Pastries 82.4 112.3 139.6 191.3Mixed Dishes Where Cereal Is The Major Ingredient1,2 140.9 160.6 209.4 277.1Batter-Based Products 36.4 48.6 74.0 103.5

FATS AND OILS2 5.7 6.6 7.7 9.4Butters 6.2 6.7 9.5 10.0Dairy Blends 5.6 6.4 6.8 10.0Margarine And Table Spreads2 5.9 6.9 7.9 9.9Vegetable/Nut Oil 3.3 6.2 4.9 5.7Other Fats . 5.3 . .Unspecified Fats2 3.2 3.8 2.1 4.0

FISH AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTS AND DISHES2 68.8 92.8 124.6 131.7Fin Fish (Excluding Commercially Sterile)2 82.7 119.9 142.6 160.0Crustacea And Molluscs (Excluding Commercially Sterile)2

47.6 107.2 94.1 122.6

Other Sea And Freshwater Foods . . . .Packed (Commercially Sterile) Fish And Seafood1 49.3 88.1 83.7 85.3Fish And Seafood Products (Homemade And Takeaway) 86.1 80.9 144.1 132.6Mixed Dishes With Fish Or Seafood As The Major Component1,2

20.0 316.1 175.6 143.5

FRUIT PRODUCTS AND DISHES2† 95.7 117.5 139.1 148.5Pome Fruit2 97.2 130.6 153.1 179.6Berry Fruit 75.5 80.4 90.2 64.4


† refer to appendix 2, Table A2.2 for cell counts1=age by sex interaction, 2=sex main effect (refer to appendix 3 for statistical results tables and guidance on interpretation)







Citrus Fruit 73.2 100.0 121.1 112.9Stone Fruit2 74.9 98.6 120.7 138.9Tropical Fruit 91.9 101.1 112.1 131.4Other Fruit 119.3 118.8 172.4 127.9Mixtures Of Two Or More Groups Of Fruit 144.6 144.7 241.4 261.4Dried Fruit, Preserved Fruit 25.2 26.9 24.6 27.8Mixed Dishes Where Fruit Is The Major Component2 . 190.0 139.2 279.2


MEAT, POULTRY AND GAME PRODUCTS and DISHES1,2 59.1 80.3 106.4 140.6Muscle Meat1,2 52.2 78.7 101.0 138.7Game And Other Carcase Meats . . 46.9 .Poultry And Feathered Game 66.4 100.1 114.8 140.9Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes1,2 . 10.1 340.0 52.6Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys 49.1 68.9 88.5 86.0Processed Meat1,2 32.5 36.0 41.1 58.3Mixed Dishes Where Beef, Veal Or Lamb Is The Major Component2

133.4 187.2 241.3 325.1

Mixed Dishes Where Pork, Bacon, Ham Is The Major Component1,2

74.3 240.0 140.6 396.7


74.0 108.3 145.5 211.8


106.9 146.8 131.3 166.4


Dairy Milk Substitutes, Unflavoured1,2 185.0 150.9 313.1 337.1Dairy Milk Substitutes, Flavoured1,2 206.3 183.5 250.4 688.2Cheese Substitute . . . 5.2Soy-Based Ice Confection 50.0 . 70.0 .Soy-Based Yoghurts 135.8 125.0 68.8 .

SOUP 192.3 244.8 299.2 396.0Soup (Prepared, Ready to Eat) 225.5 272.6 415.1 476.0Dry Soup Mix2 4.5 14.2 22.0 16.7Canned Condensed Soup (Unprepared) 28.7 75.6 59.9 81.7


SAVOURY SAUCES AND CONDIMENTS 22.4 25.8 38.4 39.5Gravies And Savoury Sauces 25.1 28.6 43.8 47.1Pickles, Chutneys And Relishes1 12.2 21.8 18.5 14.7Salad Dressings 7.4 10.4 11.5 18.5Stuffings . . 17.8 13.0

VEGETABLE PRODUCTS AND DISHES1,2 40.8 53.5 75.1 86.8Potatoes1,2 67.7 89.4 135.3 161.3Cabbage, Cauliflower And Similar Brassica Vegetables 29.3 40.1 47.4 68.8Carrot And Similar Root Vegetables 27.0 31.0 34.9 45.0Leaf And Stalk Vegetables 14.7 18.8 28.0 29.2Peas And Beans1 23.2 29.4 47.6 57.2Tomato And Tomato Products1 42.7 53.8 59.4 83.6Other Fruiting Vegetables 30.9 40.2 48.0 48.7Other Vegetables And Vegetable Combinations 26.6 29.3 38.9 43.3Dishes Where Vegetable Is The Major Component2 67.4 71.9 124.8 135.1








SNACK FOODS 21.4 30.8 36.7 48.5Potato Snacks2 24.3 33.2 35.6 48.2Corn Snacks 17.1 31.6 49.8 51.1Extruded Or Reformed Snacks 24.1 23.4 24.3 32.0Pretzels1,2 10.3 49.4 21.0 200.0Other Snacks1 24.5 24.0 28.3 30.4

SUGAR PRODUCTS AND DISHES 18.6 24.5 25.0 29.4Sugar, Honey And Syrups 7.5 10.0 14.5 17.7Jam And Lemon Spreads, Chocolate Spreads, Sauces2 12.3 12.9 18.4 20.1Dishes And Products Other Than Confectionery Where Sugar Is The Major Component2

93.8 92.4 101.2 139.0

CONFECTIONERY AND CEREAL/NUT/FRUIT/SEED BARS2

21.9 26.2 35.7 41.8

Chocolate And Chocolate-Based Confectionery 22.4 29.0 32.6 43.8Cereal-, Fruit-, Nut- And Seed-Bars 27.7 27.9 29.7 31.2Other Confectionery2 17.4 21.9 41.0 47.9

ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 19.1 11.7 22.5 243.9Beers . . . 441.4Wines 19.1 11.7 22.5 27.5Spirits . . . 38.7Other Alcoholic Beverages . . . .Pre-mixed drinks2 . . . 3032.0


MISCELLANEOUS 6.6 4.5 11.0 6.1Yeast & Yeast-, Vegetable- And Meat-Extracts2 4.8 5.7 6.5 9.5Intense Sweetening Agents . . 0.6 0.1Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes 8.8 3.3 14.3 4.9Essences1 0.8 0.8 1.3 0.5Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients2 0.2 0.5 . 0.5

INFANT FORMULAE AND FOODS1,2 98.8 22.0 120.0 150.0Infant Formulae And Human Breast Milk1,2 110.3 15.4 . .Infant Cereal Products 21.0 . . .Infant Foods1 81.8 41.1 120.0 150.0Infant Drinks 149.5 . . .


Table 3.8 Mean portion size of selected major and sub major food groups: females by age group (consumers only) (average grams per eating occasion per consumer)*





group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES2 224.9 288.2 339.3 390.5Tea 117.4 185.1 236.2 230.3Coffee And Coffee Substitutes 55.8 45.6 216.6 222.4Fruit And Vegetable Juices, And Drinks1,2 155.3 194.6 223.1 255.5Cordials1 42.4 36.5 51.5 65.3Soft Drinks, And Flavoured Mineral Waters2 163.7 233.7 313.2 362.7Electrolyte, Energy And Fortified Drinks 265.4 398.5 493.8 349.8Mineral Waters And Water2 280.5 371.1 432.3 500.8Other Beverage Flavourings And Prepared Beverages 27.2 57.4 71.8 105.2


42.7 52.8 59.7 63.4


41.9 49.5 66.6 68.0


27.2 35.7 46.7 53.9


Sweet Biscuits1,2 19.0 23.0 27.2 30.0Savoury Biscuits1 15.8 18.7 23.8 29.8Cakes, Buns, Muffins, Scones, Cake-Type Desserts 48.0 67.8 78.9 90.1Pastries 101.8 107.5 124.6 149.5Mixed Dishes Where Cereal Is The Major Ingredient1,2 131.0 176.2 190.3 203.2Batter-Based Products 47.8 44.7 69.6 74.8

FATS AND OILS2 5.5 6.6 7.2 7.7Butters 6.1 6.2 7.7 10.0Dairy Blends 5.7 7.0 8.6 8.8Margarine And Table Spreads2 5.4 6.3 7.0 7.5Vegetable/Nut Oil 3.8 9.4 4.8 4.4Other Fats 1.8 2.3 . .Unspecified Fats2 6.9 2.4 10.4 7.5

FISH AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTS AND DISHES2 72.8 80.1 87.4 114.8Fin Fish (Excluding Commercially Sterile)2 68.1 82.3 97.2 78.9Crustacea And Molluscs (Excluding Commercially Sterile)2 40.8 41.2 72.0 44.1Other Sea And Freshwater Foods . . 22.0 .Packed (Commercially Sterile) Fish And Seafood1 49.2 44.7 96.6 106.9Fish And Seafood Products (Homemade And Takeaway) 80.6 100.1 81.9 126.2Mixed Dishes With Fish Or Seafood As The Major Component1,2

180.0 506.0 115.1 144.1

FRUIT PRODUCTS AND DISHES2* 88.5 108.7 129.8 133.2Pome Fruit2 93.8 119.5 147.7 155.2Berry Fruit 65.7 52.5 77.7 56.8Citrus Fruit 73.3 95.0 99.8 111.0Stone Fruit2 69.7 85.9 114.8 94.2Tropical Fruit 85.7 102.8 112.8 113.6Other Fruit 86.0 110.7 130.6 153.0Mixtures Of Two Or More Groups Of Fruit 108.7 135.7 160.2 178.0Dried Fruit, Preserved Fruit 26.4 27.6 35.2 41.8Mixed Dishes Where Fruit Is The Major Component2 . 55.4 125.7 120.7


MEAT, POULTRY AND GAME PRODUCTS and DISHES1,2 59.8 64.3 101.0 96.8





group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



Muscle Meat1,2 64.3 68.9 105.7 86.2Game And Other Carcase Meats . . 86.0 .Poultry And Feathered Game 63.0 76.6 110.2 136.2Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes1,2 38.2 62.5 26.5 42.2Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys 47.6 56.6 75.9 81.3Processed Meat1,2 31.6 37.9 38.1 38.5Mixed Dishes Where Beef, Veal Or Lamb Is The Major Component2

103.5 134.3 194.7 185.2

Mixed Dishes Where Pork, Bacon, Ham Is The Major Component1,2

210.0 79.2 68.5 172.2


64.0 84.2 131.3 125.5


131.0 110.3 102.9 149.3


Dairy Milk Substitutes, Unflavoured1,2 116.3 206.7 186.7 190.1Dairy Milk Substitutes, Flavoured1,2 . 223.3 103.0 255.4Cheese Substitute 28.5 13.8 . .Soy-Based Ice Confection 59.8 29.9 . 57.1Soy-Based Yoghurts 99.1 138.4 70.0 .

SOUP 201.6 296.5 378.1 329.3Soup (Prepared, Ready to Eat) 207.1 320.0 396.4 365.7Dry Soup Mix2 4.5 5.1 185.1 20.7Canned Condensed Soup (Unprepared) . 198.8 86.4 100.9


SAVOURY SAUCES AND CONDIMENTS 19.9 22.9 39.1 37.4Gravies And Savoury Sauces 21.9 25.2 44.0 41.9Pickles, Chutneys And Relishes1 18.8 13.1 14.5 25.5Salad Dressings 7.9 9.2 13.2 13.0Stuffings . . . .

VEGETABLE PRODUCTS AND DISHES1,2 42.1 52.2 65.8 72.4Potatoes1,2 68.3 88.2 116.4 124.4Cabbage, Cauliflower And Similar Brassica Vegetables 34.6 36.5 46.7 50.5Carrot And Similar Root Vegetables 25.1 31.0 34.8 35.9Leaf And Stalk Vegetables 21.1 18.2 24.9 28.2Peas And Beans1 26.1 30.2 39.2 45.7Tomato And Tomato Products1 45.7 55.0 64.8 62.6Other Fruiting Vegetables 38.5 37.5 46.8 63.2Other Vegetables And Vegetable Combinations 29.6 30.5 39.5 36.4Dishes Where Vegetable Is The Major Component2 51.5 66.0 81.7 97.0


SNACK FOODS 22.1 26.1 35.0 38.4Potato Snacks2 21.3 23.5 32.5 35.6Corn Snacks 19.9 31.2 41.8 53.8Extruded Or Reformed Snacks 33.9 26.2 37.4 21.2Pretzels1,2 8.6 31.3 37.7 36.7Other Snacks1 26.6 26.0 23.0 36.5





group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



Sugar, Honey And Syrups 7.0 10.1 11.7 14.7Jam And Lemon Spreads, Chocolate Spreads, Sauces2 8.4 12.8 16.3 14.7Dishes And Products Other Than Confectionery Where Sugar Is The Major Component2

76.1 93.9 111.7 93.7

CONFECTIONERY AND CEREAL/NUT/FRUIT/SEED BARS2 20.6 24.8 30.7 32.9Chocolate And Chocolate-Based Confectionery 18.2 29.9 33.1 33.3Cereal-, Fruit-, Nut- And Seed-Bars 29.1 27.7 29.9 30.7Other Confectionery2 16.4 17.8 25.7 33.6

ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 23.2 15.6 39.4 496.3Beers . . . .Wines 23.2 15.6 40.9 24.1Spirits . . 3.0 .Other Alcoholic Beverages . . 64.8 32.0Pre-mixed drinks2 . . . 1158.8


MISCELLANEOUS 7.5 7.8 6.5 6.2Yeast & Yeast-, Vegetable- And Meat-Extracts2 5.1 5.5 6.5 6.3Intense Sweetening Agents . . 0.8 0.3Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes 10.3 10.7 6.2 6.2Essences1 0.0 2.5 1.2 2.3Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients2 0.4 . 0.6 0.7

INFANT FORMULAE AND FOODS1,2 74.2 247.2 233.9 44.0Infant Formulae And Human Breast Milk1,2 68.6 247.2 . .Infant Cereal Products 200.5 . . .Infant Foods1 52.6 . 233.9 44.0Infant Drinks 131.0 . . .

* refer to appendix 2, Table A2.3 for cell counts 1=age by sex interaction, 2=sex main effect (refer to appendix 3 for statistical results tables and guidance on interpretation)

Table 3.12 Mean portion size of selected major and sub major food groups: all children by age group (consumers only)

(average grams per eating occasion per consumer)ALL CHILDREN 2–3

years (Age

group)

4–8 years(Age

group)

9–13 years (Age

group)

14–16 years (Age

group)NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES3 233.8 302.7 360.9 415.7

Tea3 129.7 187.4 235.1 248.0Coffee And Coffee Substitutes3 73.4 56.4 223.5 215.8Fruit And Vegetable Juices, And Drinks1,3 157.7 203.3 237.7 281.7Cordials1,3 40.2 42.3 49.9 69.5Soft Drinks, And Flavoured Mineral Waters3 167.9 257.3 336.8 386.8Electrolyte, Energy And Fortified Drinks 265.4 456.8 539.2 445.3Mineral Waters And Water3 294.8 386.8 473.5 540.1Other Beverage Flavourings And Prepared Beverages3

30.6 55.7 70.0 92.6


45.2 55.3 62.4 71.3


43.5 54.4 71.5 83.4


28.9 38.6 52.3 65.8




group)

4–8 years(Age

group)

9–13 years (Age

group)

14–16 years (Age

group)Breakfast Cereal, Hot Porridge Type3 197.9 200.9 278.0 360.0

CEREAL-BASED PRODUCTS AND DISHES1,3 40.6 63.3 87.5 123.9Sweet Biscuits1,3 19.0 24.4 27.2 35.4Savoury Biscuits1,3 15.5 20.6 24.8 32.4Cakes, Buns, Muffins, Scones, Cake-Type Desserts3

48.0 67.8 79.4 91.4

Pastries3 90.7 109.8 132.2 171.7Mixed Dishes Where Cereal Is The Major Ingredient1,3

136.1 167.5 200.0 246.3

Batter-Based Products3 42.4 46.5 71.6 88.3FATS AND OILS3 5.6 6.6 7.5 8.5

Butters3 6.1 6.4 8.6 10.0Dairy Blends3 5.7 6.7 7.5 9.3Margarine And Table Spreads3 5.6 6.6 7.4 8.7Vegetable/Nut Oil3 3.6 7.7 4.8 5.1Other Fats 1.8 3.9 . .Unspecified Fats 5.2 3.0 5.4 6.3

FISH AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTS AND DISHES3 70.8 86.0 106.1 122.8Fin Fish (Excluding Commercially Sterile)3 75.0 97.1 119.4 123.8Crustacea And Molluscs (Excluding Commercially Sterile)3

45.5 64.3 81.0 80.6

Other Sea And Freshwater Foods . . 22.0 .Packed (Commercially Sterile) Fish And Seafood1,3

49.3 66.9 90.4 99.7

Fish And Seafood Products (Homemade And Takeaway)3

82.8 90.3 115.6 129.4

Mixed Dishes With Fish Or Seafood As The Major Component1,3

126.6 379.9 149.3 143.9

FRUIT PRODUCTS AND DISHES3* 92.2 113.1 134.3 140.6Pome Fruit3 95.5 125.3 150.4 167.0Berry Fruit 70.2 69.8 82.7 61.2Citrus Fruit3 73.3 97.3 109.9 111.9Stone Fruit3 72.8 91.2 117.3 109.3Tropical Fruit3 88.6 101.9 112.4 122.7Other Fruit3 102.0 114.5 150.5 143.4Mixtures Of Two Or More Groups Of Fruit3 129.4 140.6 213.8 215.5Dried Fruit, Preserved Fruit 25.7 27.2 29.5 34.8Mixed Dishes Where Fruit Is The Major Component3 . 87.9 128.3 223.2

EGG PRODUCTS AND DISHES3 41.5 58.0 57.9 65.3Eggs3 37.2 46.8 46.6 49.4Dishes Where Egg Is The Major Ingredient3 57.8 96.8 116.1 131.9

MEAT, POULTRY AND GAME PRODUCTS and DISHES1,3 59.5 72.6 103.9 119.9Muscle Meat1,3 58.0 74.2 103.2 114.0Game And Other Carcase Meats . . 76.7 .Poultry And Feathered Game3 64.6 88.3 112.7 138.7Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes1,3 38.2 34.3 121.4 46.5Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys3 48.4 63.4 83.3 84.2Processed Meat1,3 32.1 37.0 39.7 48.9Mixed Dishes Where Beef, Veal Or Lamb Is The Major Component3

118.0 164.4 219.3 265.6


86.1 160.9 119.8 239.4





group)

4–8 years(Age

group)

9–13 years (Age

group)

14–16 years (Age

group)Mixed Dishes Where Poultry Or Game Is The Major Component1,3

68.0 96.3 138.3 178.3

MILK PRODUCTS AND DISHES1,3 124.0 131.6 161.7 179.1Dairy Milk (cow, sheep and goat)1,3 166.4 187.4 224.2 240.7Yoghurt3 107.9 114.3 142.2 167.3Cream3 11.1 20.1 26.6 29.1Cheese3 21.8 24.0 27.4 33.9Frozen Milk Products3 51.9 71.5 100.9 121.1Custards3 132.2 186.7 170.4 211.8Other Dishes Where Milk Or A Milk Product Is The Major Component

115.3 131.3 117.5 157.1


Dairy Milk Substitutes, Unflavoured1,3 146.9 183.8 247.8 263.9Dairy Milk Substitutes, Flavoured1,3 206.3 197.7 193.9 362.7Cheese Substitute 28.5 13.8 . 5.2Soy-Based Ice Confection 58.5 29.9 70.0 57.1Soy-Based Yoghurts3 129.6 134.1 69.4 .

SOUP3 196.6 273.5 345.4 357.6Soup (Prepared, Ready to Eat)3 216.3 299.2 402.9 409.7Dry Soup Mix3 4.5 9.4 56.3 19.2Canned Condensed Soup (Unprepared)3 28.7 142.3 69.3 88.8

SEED AND NUT PRODUCTS AND DISHES3 13.6 16.7 20.2 23.6Seeds And Seed Products 4.8 12.8 21.4 18.0Nuts And Nut Products3 13.9 16.7 19.9 23.7

SAVOURY SAUCES AND CONDIMENTS3 21.2 24.3 38.8 38.5Gravies And Savoury Sauces3 23.6 26.8 43.9 44.6Pickles, Chutneys And Relishes1 15.8 17.2 16.4 19.0Salad Dressings3 7.7 9.9 12.3 16.0Stuffings . . 17.8 13.0

VEGETABLE PRODUCTS AND DISHES1,3 41.4 52.9 70.5 79.6Potatoes1,3 68.0 88.8 126.1 142.5Cabbage, Cauliflower And Similar Brassica Vegetables3 31.9 38.4 47.1 58.8Carrot And Similar Root Vegetables3 26.2 31.0 34.9 40.2Leaf And Stalk Vegetables3 18.4 18.5 26.4 28.7Peas And Beans1,3 24.5 29.8 43.5 51.5Tomato And Tomato Products1,3 44.1 54.4 62.2 73.6Other Fruiting Vegetables3 34.6 38.8 47.4 57.0Other Vegetables And Vegetable Combinations3 28.1 29.9 39.2 40.0Dishes Where Vegetable Is The Major Component3 59.3 68.9 103.5 116.2


SNACK FOODS3 21.7 28.7 35.9 43.8Potato Snacks3 22.6 28.6 34.2 42.9Corn Snacks3 18.4 31.5 45.9 52.3Extruded Or Reformed Snacks 28.2 24.7 30.1 26.1Pretzels1,3 9.3 46.7 35.1 81.8Other Snacks1 25.7 25.0 25.6 34.0

SUGAR PRODUCTS AND DISHES3 16.8 23.2 27.8 25.6Sugar, Honey And Syrups3 7.2 10.0 13.2 16.3Jam And Lemon Spreads, Chocolate Spreads, Sauces3 10.7 12.8 17.4 17.5Dishes And Products Other Than Confectionery Where Sugar Is The Major Component

86.0 93.1 107.1 116.7





group)

4–8 years(Age

group)

9–13 years (Age

group)

14–16 years (Age

group)ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES3 20.8 13.1 32.6 383.7

Beers . . . 441.4Wines3 20.8 13.1 32.4 26.0Spirits . . 3.0 38.7Other Alcoholic Beverages . . 64.8 32.0Pre-mixed drinks . . . 1281.5


MISCELLANEOUS 7.0 6.1 8.8 6.1Yeast & Yeast-, Vegetable- And Meat-Extracts3 5.0 5.6 6.5 7.5Intense Sweetening Agents3 . . 0.6 0.2Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes 9.6 6.8 10.5 5.5Essences1,3 0.7 1.4 1.2 2.0Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7

INFANT FORMULAE AND FOODS1,3 86.9 38.5 207.8 107.7Infant Formulae And Human Breast Milk1,3 88.2 37.6 . .Infant Cereal Products 122.0 . . .Infant Foods1,3 71.2 41.1 207.8 107.7Infant Drinks 139.3 . . .


Table 3.9 Median portion size of selected major and sub major food groups: males by age group (consumers only)

(median grams per eating occasion per consumer)*





group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 175.3 242.3 297.6 353.4Tea 120.0 180.0 240.0 240.0Coffee And Coffee Substitutes 80.0 1.0 261.0 261.0Fruit And Vegetable Juices, And Drinks 131.1 209.7 256.0 262.0Cordials 30.0 40.0 40.0 51.2Soft Drinks, And Flavoured Mineral Waters 154.5 260.8 344.2 391.1Electrolyte, Energy And Fortified Drinks . 508.0 610.0 600.0Mineral Waters And Water 221.7 263.0 361.3 409.7Other Beverage Flavourings And Prepared Beverages 6.3 12.0 18.0 18.0


46.5 58.5 64.0 68.0


37.0 58.0 67.0 81.5


30.0 30.0 46.0 63.0



FATS AND OILS 4.8 6.0 6.0 7.2Butters 5.4 4.8 6.5 9.6Dairy Blends 4.8 5.1 6.0 9.6Margarine And Table Spreads 4.8 6.0 6.0 7.5Vegetable/Nut Oil 2.8 3.7 3.7 4.5Other Fats . 5.3 . .Unspecified Fats 3.6 4.5 1.1 4.5

FISH AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTS AND DISHES 58.8 82.0 95.0 100.0Fin Fish (Excluding Commercially Sterile) 58.8 93.0 142.0 132.0Crustacea And Molluscs (Excluding Commercially Sterile) 50.0 88.3 119.8 68.0Other Sea And Freshwater Foods . . . .Packed (Commercially Sterile) Fish And Seafood 42.5 92.5 75.0 86.3Fish And Seafood Products (Homemade And Takeaway) 71.0 72.0 106.5 102.0Mixed Dishes With Fish Or Seafood As The Major Component

20.0 253.0 58.0 64.5

FRUIT PRODUCTS AND DISHES 87.5 111.0 130.0 131.0Pome Fruit 85.5 146.0 166.0 166.0Berry Fruit 60.0 53.1 72.0 60.0Citrus Fruit 72.0 86.0 96.5 101.0Stone Fruit 56.0 66.0 132.0 132.0Tropical Fruit 94.0 94.0 121.0 121.0Other Fruit 87.9 84.5 132.2 79.5Mixtures Of Two Or More Groups Of Fruit 140.0 140.0 171.0 140.0Dried Fruit, Preserved Fruit 20.0 20.0 25.0 30.0Mixed Dishes Where Fruit Is The Major Component . 190.0 184.0 285.0


MEAT, POULTRY AND GAME PRODUCTS AND DISHES 46.5 62.5 87.3 115.5Muscle Meat 42.5 71.0 84.0 120.0Game And Other Carcase Meats . . 46.9 .Poultry And Feathered Game 58.0 71.5 95.4 126.0





group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes . 8.8 340.0 52.6Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys 43.5 58.0 72.0 82.0Processed Meat 25.0 28.0 34.0 44.0Mixed Dishes Where Beef, Veal Or Lamb Is The Major Component

126.5 140.0 176.0 280.0


71.0 240.0 88.0 506.0


72.0 76.5 117.3 175.0


100.0 150.0 120.0 193.4


Dairy Milk Substitutes, Unflavoured 167.7 129.0 299.5 268.3Dairy Milk Substitutes, Flavoured 206.3 171.6 258.0 688.2Cheese Substitute . . . 5.2Soy-Based Ice Confection 50.0 . 70.0 .Soy-Based Yoghurts 100.0 125.0 68.8 .



SAVOURY SAUCES AND CONDIMENTS 10.0 16.0 19.2 22.0Gravies And Savoury Sauces 10.5 16.5 21.2 22.6Pickles, Chutneys And Relishes 10.2 20.0 13.5 9.0Salad Dressings 6.8 5.0 9.2 10.0Stuffings . . 13.0 13.0




SUGAR PRODUCTS AND DISHES 7.2 10.0 11.5 12.0Sugar, Honey And Syrups 5.0 6.4 7.5 9.8Jam And Lemon Spreads, Chocolate Spreads, Sauces 8.0 10.0 13.5 13.5Dishes And Products Other Than Confectionery Where 79.0 76.0 76.0 100.0




group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



Sugar Is The Major ComponentCONFECTIONERY AND CEREAL/NUT/FRUIT/SEED BARS 17.0 20.0 26.3 31.0




MISCELLANEOUS 3.3 3.5 3.3 2.1Yeast & Yeast-, Vegetable- And Meat-Extracts 4.0 5.0 5.0 8.0Intense Sweetening Agents . . 1.0 0.1Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1Essences 0.8 0.6 1.3 0.5Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients 0.1 0.5 . 0.5

INFANT FORMULAE AND FOODS 100.0 17.6 120.0 150.0Infant Formulae And Human Breast Milk 100.0 17.6 . .Infant Cereal Products 21.0 . . .Infant Foods 83.5 4.1 120.0 150.0Infant Drinks 157.3 . . .


Table 3.14 Median portion size of selected major and sub major food groups: females by age group (consumers only)

(median grams per eating occasion per consumer)

FEMALES 2–3 years(Age

group)

4–8 years (Age

group)





40.0 53.3 62.0 63.0


33.5 50.0 63.0 63.0


22.5 30.0 38.4 45.0


Sweet Biscuits 16.0 19.8 22.0 22.0Savoury Biscuits 14.0 17.0 20.0 24.0Cakes, Buns, Muffins, Scones, Cake-Type Desserts 42.0 54.0 71.0 84.6Pastries 80.0 104.0 110.0 140.0




group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



Mixed Dishes Where Cereal Is The Major Ingredient 105.0 153.6 168.3 172.5Batter-Based Products 37.0 37.0 50.0 60.0

FATS AND OILS 4.8 5.9 6.0 6.0Butters 4.8 5.8 6.0 7.0Dairy Blends 5.0 6.0 7.5 6.7Margarine And Table Spreads 4.8 6.0 6.0 6.0Vegetable/Nut Oil 3.2 4.5 3.0 4.5Other Fats 1.8 2.3 . .Unspecified Fats 3.7 0.9 9.0 4.5

FISH AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTS AND DISHES 67.0 69.0 85.0 92.5Fin Fish (Excluding Commercially Sterile) 47.6 44.0 107.8 75.0Crustacea And Molluscs (Excluding Commercially Sterile) 40.0 32.0 67.5 30.0Other Sea And Freshwater Foods . . 22.0 .Packed (Commercially Sterile) Fish And Seafood 42.0 44.0 85.0 95.0Fish And Seafood Products (Homemade And Takeaway) 69.0 75.5 72.5 98.0Mixed Dishes With Fish Or Seafood As The Major Component

189.8 506.0 83.5 87.0



MEAT, POULTRY AND GAME PRODUCTS and DISHES 45.9 55.0 75.0 75.0Muscle Meat 46.9 58.0 85.0 75.6Game And Other Carcase Meats . . 86.0 .Poultry And Feathered Game 49.0 61.0 84.0 112.0Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes 37.0 74.0 30.0 51.0Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys 41.0 56.0 58.0 58.0Processed Meat 25.0 30.0 28.0 30.0Mixed Dishes Where Beef, Veal Or Lamb Is The Major Component

92.4 140.0 140.0 153.3


210.0 79.2 39.1 144.0


60.0 75.0 90.0 108.0


100.0 104.0 98.0 150.0


Dairy Milk Substitutes, Unflavoured 123.2 214.2 193.5 226.9Dairy Milk Substitutes, Flavoured . 193.5 90.3 257.9Cheese Substitute 28.5 13.8 . .Soy-Based Ice Confection 19.8 19.8 . 24.0Soy-Based Yoghurts 70.0 121.0 70.0 .





group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



SOUP 192.3 300.0 332.8 340.0Soup (Prepared, Ready to Eat) 192.3 304.8 332.8 390.0Dry Soup Mix 4.5 5.0 250.0 14.2Canned Condensed Soup (Unprepared) . 122.5 53.8 51.6


SAVOURY SAUCES AND CONDIMENTS 11.0 12.0 18.1 20.5Gravies And Savoury Sauces 11.0 14.8 22.0 22.0Pickles, Chutneys And Relishes 17.0 6.9 9.7 13.6Salad Dressings 4.6 5.0 9.2 8.7Stuffings . . . .





70.0 76.0 76.0 76.0




MISCELLANEOUS 3.1 3.7 2.7 3.4Yeast & Yeast-, Vegetable- And Meat-Extracts 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.0Intense Sweetening Agents . . 0.8 0.3Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes 1.0 .8 1.1 1.1Essences 0.0 2.5 1.3 0.4Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients 0.4 . 0.6 0.9

INFANT FORMULAE AND FOODS 38.8 247.2 336.0 44.0Infant Formulae And Human Breast Milk 38.8 247.2 . .Infant Cereal Products 220.0 . . .Infant Foods 15.0 . 336.0 44.0Infant Drinks 131.0 . . .




Table 3.10 Median portion size of selected major and sub major food groups: all children by age group (consumers only)

(median grams per eating occasion per consumer)*




ALL CHILDREN 2–3 years(Age group)






43.3 56.7 64.0 64.0


36.0 56.3 65.0 75.0


24.8 30.0 45.0 60.0





168.0 384.6 83.5 75.9



MEAT, POULTRY AND GAME PRODUCTS and DISHES 46.1 57.9 81.5 97.3Muscle Meat 44.4 69.0 85.0 100.0Game And Other Carcase Meats . . 86.0 .Poultry And Feathered Game 57.0 67.5 87.5 117.3Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes 37.0 16.0 30.0 51.0








Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys 43.5 57.0 59.0 64.0Processed Meat 25.0 29.8 30.0 40.0Mixed Dishes Where Beef, Veal Or Lamb Is The Major Component

92.4 140.0 150.0 253.0


71.0 240.0 88.0 253.0


66.0 76.5 108.0 143.0


100.0 150.0 100.0 150.0


Dairy Milk Substitutes, Unflavoured 137.5 193.5 258.0 258.0Dairy Milk Substitutes, Flavoured 206.3 193.5 170.2 257.9Cheese Substitute 28.5 13.8 . 5.2Soy-Based Ice Confection 19.8 19.8 70.0 24.0Soy-Based Yoghurts 100.0 121.0 70.0 .








76.0 76.0 76.0 79.0

CONFECTIONERY AND CEREAL/NUT/FRUIT/SEED BARS 16.5 20.0 23.0 30.0








ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 14.9 12.0 24.9 49.7Beers . . . 502.0Wines 14.9 12.0 24.9 18.6Spirits . . 3.0 38.7Other Alcoholic Beverages . . 64.8 32.0Pre-mixed drinks . . . 1401.7


MISCELLANEOUS 3.2 3.6 3.0 2.7Yeast & Yeast-, Vegetable- And Meat-Extracts 4.0 5.0 5.0 6.0Intense Sweetening Agents . . 0.8 0.2Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1Essences 0.8 1.3 1.3 0.5Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.5



Table 3.11 Mode portion size of selected major and sub major food groups: males by age group (consumers only)

(mode grams per eating occasion per consumer)*





group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 500.0 1000.0 1000.0 500.0Tea 76.1 240.0 240.0 240.0Coffee And Coffee Substitutes 80.0 1.0 261.0 261.0Fruit And Vegetable Juices, And Drinks 131.0 262.0 262.0 262.0Cordials 30.0 40.0 40.0 40.0Soft Drinks, And Flavoured Mineral Waters 104.3 261.0 391.1 391.1Electrolyte, Energy And Fortified Drinks . 431.8 610.0 610.0Mineral Waters And Water 250.0 250.0 250.0 600.0Other Beverage Flavourings And Prepared Beverages 12.0 12.0 12.0 18.0


64.0 64.0 64.0 64.0


32.0 32.0 89.0 75.0


30.0 30.0 45.0 60.0



FATS AND OILS 3.0 6.0 6.0 6.0Butters 3.0 3.0 4.8 4.8Dairy Blends 3.0 4.8 3.0 6.0Margarine And Table Spreads 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0Vegetable/Nut Oil 4.5 2.3 4.5 4.5Other Fats . 5.3 . .Unspecified Fats 1.8 4.6 0.6 4.5

FISH AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTS AND DISHES 71.0 71.0 95.0 92.0Fin Fish (Excluding Commercially Sterile) 71.0 70.4 72.0 144.0Crustacea And Molluscs (Excluding Commercially Sterile) 87.0 110.3 119.8 68.0Other Sea And Freshwater Foods . . . .Packed (Commercially Sterile) Fish And Seafood 47.5 47.5 95.0 95.0Fish And Seafood Products (Homemade And Takeaway) 71.0 68.0 299.0 92.0Mixed Dishes With Fish Or Seafood As The Major Component

20.0 253.0 58.0 64.5



MEAT, POULTRY AND GAME PRODUCTS and DISHES 20.0 20.0 75.0 143.0Muscle Meat 40.0 85.0 84.0 142.0Game And Other Carcase Meats . . 46.9 .Poultry And Feathered Game 71.5 71.5 107.3 143.0





group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes . 8.8 340.0 52.6Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys 58.0 41.0 57.0 57.0Processed Meat 20.0 20.0 25.0 50.0Mixed Dishes Where Beef, Veal Or Lamb Is The Major Component

140.0 140.0 280.0 280.0


50.0 240.0 88.0 506.0


72.0 72.0 228.0 143.0


100.0 150.0 100.0 90.0


Dairy Milk Substitutes, Unflavoured 129.0 129.0 258.0 258.0Dairy Milk Substitutes, Flavoured 206.3 161.2 258.0 688.2Cheese Substitute . . . 5.2Soy-Based Ice Confection 50.0 . 70.0 .Soy-Based Yoghurts 100.0 125.0 68.8 .











group)

4–8 years (Age

group)



Sugar Is The Major ComponentCONFECTIONERY AND CEREAL/NUT/FRUIT/SEED BARS 20.0 20.0 20.0 31.0




MISCELLANEOUS 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.0Yeast & Yeast-, Vegetable- And Meat-Extracts 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.0Intense Sweetening Agents . . 1.0 000.1Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1Essences 1.3 0.6 1.3 0.5Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients 0.1 0.5 . 0.5



Table 3.12 Mode portion size of selected major and sub major food groups: females by age group (consumers only)






group)

4–8 years(Age

group)

9–13 years(Age

group)

14–16 years(Age

group)NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 500.0 1000.0 375.0 600.0

Tea 50.8 240.0 240.0 240.0Coffee And Coffee Substitutes 55.8 27.9 6.4 261.0Fruit And Vegetable Juices, And Drinks 131.0 262.0 262.0 262.0Cordials 30.0 30.0 40.0 30.0Soft Drinks, And Flavoured Mineral Waters 130.4 261.0 391.1 391.1Electrolyte, Energy And Fortified Drinks 305.0 457.5 610.0 101.6Mineral Waters And Water 250.0 250.0 250.0 600.0Other Beverage Flavourings And Prepared Beverages 6.0 18.0 12.0 18.0


64.0 64.0 64.0 64.0


32.0 75.0 32.0 63.0


15.0 30.0 30.0 30.0





189.8 506.0 83.5 251.0








group)

4–8 years(Age

group)

9–13 years(Age

group)

14–16 years(Age

group)Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes 37.0 74.0 30.0 51.0Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys 41.0 41.0 57.0 41.0Processed Meat 25.0 20.0 20.0 20.0Mixed Dishes Where Beef, Veal Or Lamb Is The Major Component

140.0 140.0 140.0 280.0


210.0 79.2 39.1 60.6


72.0 54.0 72.0 286.0


100.0 150.0 100.0 150.0


Dairy Milk Substitutes, Unflavoured 103.2 258.0 258.0 258.0Dairy Milk Substitutes, Flavoured . 193.5 90.3 257.9Cheese Substitute 28.5 13.8 . .Soy-Based Ice Confection 19.8 9.9 . 24.0Soy-Based Yoghurts 70.0 70.0 70.0 .

SOUP 130.0 300.0 250.0 260.0Soup (Prepared, Ready to Eat) 130.0 300.0 130.0 390.0Dry Soup Mix 4.5 5.0 250.0 5.0Canned Condensed Soup (Unprepared) . 21.5 53.8 51.6


SAVOURY SAUCES AND CONDIMENTS 5.5 22.0 5.5 22.0Gravies And Savoury Sauces 5.5 22.0 5.5 22.0Pickles, Chutneys And Relishes 12.0 20.0 24.0 6.3Salad Dressings 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6Stuffings . . . .








group)

4–8 years(Age

group)

9–13 years(Age

group)

14–16 years(Age

group)Sugar Is The Major Component




MISCELLANEOUS 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.0Yeast & Yeast-, Vegetable- And Meat-Extracts 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0Intense Sweetening Agents . . 0.8 0.3Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1Essences 0.0 2.5 1.3 0.1Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients 0.4 . 0.4 0.4

INFANT FORMULAE AND FOODS 220.0 247.2 336.0 44.0Infant Formulae And Human Breast Milk 8.0 247.2 . .Infant Cereal Products 220.0 . . .Infant Foods 15.0 . 336.0 44.0Infant Drinks 131.0 . . .


Table 3.13 Mode portion size of selected major and sub major food groups: all children by age group (consumers only)





ALL CHILDREN 2–3 years(Age

group)

4–8 years(Age

group)

9–13 years(Age

group)

14–16 years(Age

group)NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 500.0 1000.0 250.0 600.0

Tea 76.1 240.0 240.0 240.0Coffee And Coffee Substitutes 55.8 27.9 261.0 261.0Fruit And Vegetable Juices, And Drinks 131.0 262.0 262.0 262.0Cordials 30.0 30.0 40.0 40.0Soft Drinks, And Flavoured Mineral Waters 130.4 261.0 391.1 391.1Electrolyte, Energy And Fortified Drinks 305.0 457.5 610.0 610.0Mineral Waters And Water 250.0 250.0 250.0 600.0Other Beverage Flavourings And Prepared Beverages 6.0 6.0 12.0 18.0


64.0 64.0 64.0 64.0


32.0 75.0 32.0 63.0


30.0 30.0 45.0 45.0





189.8 253.0 58.0 251.0








group)

4–8 years(Age

group)

9–13 years(Age

group)

14–16 years(Age

group)Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes 37.0 8.8 30.0 51.0Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys 41.0 41.0 57.0 57.0Processed Meat 20.0 20.0 40.0 40.0Mixed Dishes Where Beef, Veal Or Lamb Is The Major Component

140.0 140.0 140.0 280.0


50.0 240.0 88.0 253.0


72.0 54.0 72.0 228.0


100.0 150.0 100.0 150.0


Dairy Milk Substitutes, Unflavoured 129.0 258.0 258.0 258.0Dairy Milk Substitutes, Flavoured 206.3 161.2 258.0 257.9Cheese Substitute 28.5 13.8 . 5.2Soy-Based Ice Confection 19.8 9.9 70.0 24.0Soy-Based Yoghurts 100.0 125.0 70.0 .











group)

4–8 years(Age

group)

9–13 years(Age

group)

14–16 years(Age

group)Sugar Is The Major Component


ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 9.9 12.0 29.8 51.7Beers . . . 502.0Wines 9.9 12.0 29.8 51.7Spirits . . 3.0 38.7Other Alcoholic Beverages . . 64.8 32.0Pre-mixed drinks . . . 511.4


MISCELLANEOUS 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.0Yeast & Yeast-, Vegetable- And Meat-Extracts 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0Intense Sweetening Agents . . 1.0 0.3Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1Essences 1.3 0.6 1.3 0.1Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.4





Table 3.14 Median portion size consumed of selected foods compared to serve size in the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE): males by age group – consumers only

(median grams portion size per consumer)

MALES AGHE serve size

2-3 Age group (years)


9-13 Age

group (years)

14-16 Age

group (years

)

Bread, Cereals, Rice, Pasta, NoodlesRegular Breads and Bread Rolls 60g 46.5 58.5 64.0 68.0Cooked pasta 180g 100.0 150.0 225.0 225.0Cooked rice 180g 95.0 144.0 190.0 216.0

Vegetables, LegumesCooked Potatoes 120g 61.3 75.0 120.8 129.0Cooked carrots and similar root vegetables 75g 17.1 24.4 29.0 33.8Cooked brassica vegetables 75g 20.0 30.0 39.0 50.0

FruitApple raw 150g 85.5 146.0 166.0 166.0Fruit juice 125ml 131.0 209.7 251.6 262.0Dried Fruit, Preserved Fruit 17g 20.0 20.0 25.0 30.0

Milk, Yogurt, CheeseDairy Milk fluid 250ml 166.8 193.5 258.0 258.0Yogurt 200g 100.0 100.0 120.0 150.0Cheese (hard) 40g 20.5 21.0 21.0 30.0

Meat, Fish, Poultry, Eggs, Nuts, LegumesMuscle Meat - cooked 65-100g 44.0 72.0 88.8 120.0Poultry and Feathered Game - cooked 65-100g 60.0 102.0 105.6 126.0Eggs 80g 37.0 43.0 43.0 43.0

Extra FoodsSweet biscuits 35g 17.5 23.6 24.0 32.0Cakes buns muffins scones 40g 41.5 55.0 55.0 77.0Soft drinks and flavoured mineral water 375ml 154.5 260.8 344.2 391.1



Table 3.15 Median portion size consumed of selected foods compared to serve size in the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE): females by age group – consumers only (median grams portion size per consumer)

FEMALES AGHE serve size

2-3 Age group

(years)


9-13 Age

group (years)

14-16 Age

group (years

)









Table 3.16 Median portion size consumed of selected foods compared to serve size in the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE): all children by age group – consumers only (median grams portion size per consumer)

ALL CHILDREN AGHE serve size

2-3 Age group

(years)


9-13 Age

group (years)

14-16 Age

group (years

)








4.3 Time of consumption Figure 3.39 Cereal and cereal products: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group

.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.000

:00 -

01:00

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:0002

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03:00

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:0004

:00 -

05:00

05:00

- 06

:0006

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07:00

07:00

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:0008

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:0010

:00 -

11:00

11:00

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:0012

:00 -

13:00

13:00

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:0014

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15:00

15:00

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:0016

:00 -

17:00

17:00

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:0018

:00 -

19:00

19:00

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:0020

:00 -

21:00

21:00

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:0022

:00 -

23:00

23:00

- 00

:00

1 hour time slot (24hour)

Prop

ortio

n (%

) of t

otal

inta

ke a

cros

s th

e da

y

2-3 years4-8 years9-13 years14-16 years

Figure 3.40 Cereal-based products and dishes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group

.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

00:00

- 01

:0001

:00 -

02:00

02:00

- 03

:0003

:00 -

04:00

04:00

- 05

:0005

:00 -

06:00

06:00

- 07

:0007

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08:00

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:0009

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10:00

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:0011

:00 -

12:00

12:00

- 13

:0013

:00 -

14:00

14:00

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:0015

:00 -

16:00

16:00

- 17

:0017

:00 -

18:00

18:00

- 19

:0019

:00 -

20:00

20:00

- 21

:0021

:00 -

22:00

22:00

- 23

:0023

:00 -

00:00


Prop

ortio

n (%

) of t

otal

inta

ke a

cros

s th

e da

y2-3 years4-8 years9-13 years14-16 years

Figure 3.41 Fats and oils: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group

.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

00:00

- 01

:0001

:00 -

02:00

02:00

- 03

:0003

:00 -

04:00

04:00

- 05

:0005

:00 -

06:00

06:00

- 07

:0007

:00 -

08:00

08:00

- 09

:0009

:00 -

10:00

10:00

- 11

:0011

:00 -

12:00

12:00

- 13

:0013

:00 -

14:00

14:00

- 15

:0015

:00 -

16:00

16:00

- 17

:0017

:00 -

18:00

18:00

- 19

:0019

:00 -

20:00

20:00

- 21

:0021

:00 -

22:00

22:00

- 23

:0023

:00 -

00:00


Prop

ortio

n (%

) of t

otal

inta

ke a

cros

s th

e da


Figure 3.42 Seed and nut products and dishes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group

.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

00:00

- 01

:0001

:00 -

02:00

02:00

- 03

:0003

:00 -

04:00

04:00

- 05

:0005

:00 -

06:00

06:00

- 07

:0007

:00 -

08:00

08:00

- 09

:0009

:00 -

10:00

10:00

- 11

:0011

:00 -

12:00

12:00

- 13

:0013

:00 -

14:00

14:00

- 15

:0015

:00 -

16:00

16:00

- 17

:0017

:00 -

18:00

18:00

- 19

:0019

:00 -

20:00

20:00

- 21

:0021

:00 -

22:00

22:00

- 23

:0023

:00 -

00:00


Prop

ortio

n (%

) of t

otal

inta

ke a

cros

s th

e da


Figure 3.43 Vegetable products and dishes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group

.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

00:00

- 01

:0001

:00 -

02:00

02:00

- 03

:0003

:00 -

04:00

04:00

- 05

:0005

:00 -

06:00

06:00

- 07

:0007

:00 -

08:00

08:00

- 09

:0009

:00 -

10:00

10:00

- 11

:0011

:00 -

12:00

12:00

- 13

:0013

:00 -

14:00

14:00

- 15

:0015

:00 -

16:00

16:00

- 17

:0017

:00 -

18:00

18:00

- 19

:0019

:00 -

20:00

20:00

- 21

:0021

:00 -

22:00

22:00

- 23

:0023

:00 -

00:00


Prop

ortio

n (%

) of t

otal

inta

ke a

cros

s th

e da


Figure 3.44 Fruit products and dishes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group

.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

00:00

- 01

:0001

:00 -

02:00

02:00

- 03

:0003

:00 -

04:00

04:00

- 05

:0005

:00 -

06:00

06:00

- 07

:0007

:00 -

08:00

08:00

- 09

:0009

:00 -

10:00

10:00

- 11

:0011

:00 -

12:00

12:00

- 13

:0013

:00 -

14:00

14:00

- 15

:0015

:00 -

16:00

16:00

- 17

:0017

:00 -

18:00

18:00

- 19

:0019

:00 -

20:00

20:00

- 21

:0021

:00 -

22:00

22:00

- 23

:0023

:00 -

00:00


Prop

ortio

n (%

) of t

otal

inta

ke a

cros

s th

e da


Figure 3.45 Legume and pulse products and dishes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group

.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

00:00

- 01

:0001

:00 -

02:00

02:00

- 03

:0003

:00 -

04:00

04:00

- 05

:0005

:00 -

06:00

06:00

- 07

:0007

:00 -

08:00

08:00

- 09

:0009

:00 -

10:00

10:00

- 11

:0011

:00 -

12:00

12:00

- 13

:0013

:00 -

14:00

14:00

- 15

:0015

:00 -

16:00

16:00

- 17

:0017

:00 -

18:00

18:00

- 19

:0019

:00 -

20:00

20:00

- 21

:0021

:00 -

22:00

22:00

- 23

:0023

:00 -

00:00


Prop

ortio

n (%

) of t

otal

inta

ke a

cros

s th

e da

y


Figure 3.46 Non-alcoholic beverages: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group

.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

00:00

- 01

:00

01:00

- 02

:00

02:00

- 03

:00

03:00

- 04

:00

04:00

- 05

:00

05:00

- 06

:00

06:00

- 07

:00

07:00

- 08

:00

08:00

- 09

:00

09:00

- 10

:00

10:00

- 11

:00

11:00

- 12

:00

12:00

- 13

:00

13:00

- 14

:00

14:00

- 15

:00

15:00

- 16

:00

16:00

- 17

:00

17:00

- 18

:00

18:00

- 19

:00

19:00

- 20

:00

20:00

- 21

:00

21:00

- 22

:00

22:00

- 23

:00

23:00

- 00

:00


Prop

ortio

n (%

) of t

otal

inta

ke a

cros

s th

e da


Figure 3.47 Meat, poultry and game products and dishes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group

.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

00:00

- 01

:0001

:00 -

02:00

02:00

- 03

:0003

:00 -

04:00

04:00

- 05

:0005

:00 -

06:00

06:00

- 07

:0007

:00 -

08:00

08:00

- 09

:0009

:00 -

10:00

10:00

- 11

:0011

:00 -

12:00

12:00

- 13

:0013

:00 -

14:00

14:00

- 15

:0015

:00 -

16:00

16:00

- 17

:0017

:00 -

18:00

18:00

- 19

:0019

:00 -

20:00

20:00

- 21

:0021

:00 -

22:00

22:00

- 23

:0023

:00 -

00:00


Prop

ortio

n (%

) of t

otal

inta

ke a

cros

s th

e da

y


Figure 3.48 Fish and seafood products and dishes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group

.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

00:00

- 01

:0001

:00 -

02:00

02:00

- 03

:0003

:00 -

04:00

04:00

- 05

:0005

:00 -

06:00

06:00

- 07

:0007

:00 -

08:00

08:00

- 09

:0009

:00 -

10:00

10:00

- 11

:0011

:00 -

12:00

12:00

- 13

:0013

:00 -

14:00

14:00

- 15

:0015

:00 -

16:00

16:00

- 17

:0017

:00 -

18:00

18:00

- 19

:0019

:00 -

20:00

20:00

- 21

:0021

:00 -

22:00

22:00

- 23

:0023

:00 -

00:00


Prop

ortio

n (%

) of t

otal

inta

ke a

cros

s th

e da

y


Figure 3.49 Egg products and dishes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group

.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

00:00

- 01

:0001

:00 -

02:00

02:00

- 03

:0003

:00 -

04:00

04:00

- 05

:0005

:00 -

06:00

06:00

- 07

:0007

:00 -

08:00

08:00

- 09

:0009

:00 -

10:00

10:00

- 11

:0011

:00 -

12:00

12:00

- 13

:0013

:00 -

14:00

14:00

- 15

:0015

:00 -

16:00

16:00

- 17

:0017

:00 -

18:00

18:00

- 19

:0019

:00 -

20:00

20:00

- 21

:0021

:00 -

22:00

22:00

- 23

:0023

:00 -

00:00


Prop

ortio

n (%

) of t

otal

inta

ke a

cros

s th

e da


Figure 3.50 Milk products and dishes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group

.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

00:00

- 01

:0001

:00 -

02:00

02:00

- 03

:0003

:00 -

04:00

04:00

- 05

:0005

:00 -

06:00

06:00

- 07

:0007

:00 -

08:00

08:00

- 09

:0009

:00 -

10:00

10:00

- 11

:0011

:00 -

12:00

12:00

- 13

:0013

:00 -

14:00

14:00

- 15

:0015

:00 -

16:00

16:00

- 17

:0017

:00 -

18:00

18:00

- 19

:0019

:00 -

20:00

20:00

- 21

:0021

:00 -

22:00

22:00

- 23

:0023

:00 -

00:00


Prop

ortio

n (%

) of t

otal

inta

ke a

cros

s th

e da


Figure 3.51 Soup: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group

.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0


Prop

ortio

n (%

) of t

otal

inta

ke a

cros

s th

e da

y 2-3 years4-8 years9-13 years14-16 years

Figure 3.52 Savoury sauces and condiments: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group

.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

00:00

- 01

:0001

:00 -

02:00

02:00

- 03

:0003

:00 -

04:00

04:00

- 05

:0005

:00 -

06:00

06:00

- 07

:0007

:00 -

08:00

08:00

- 09

:0009

:00 -

10:00

10:00

- 11

:0011

:00 -

12:00

12:00

- 13

:0013

:00 -

14:00

14:00

- 15

:0015

:00 -

16:00

16:00

- 17

:0017

:00 -

18:00

18:00

- 19

:0019

:00 -

20:00

20:00

- 21

:0021

:00 -

22:00

22:00

- 23

:0023

:00 -

00:00


Prop

ortio

n (%

) of t

otal

inta

ke a

cros

s th

e da


Figure 3.53 Dairy substitutes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group

.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

00:00

- 01

:0001

:00 -

02:00

02:00

- 03

:0003

:00 -

04:00

04:00

- 05

:0005

:00 -

06:00

06:00

- 07

:0007

:00 -

08:00

08:00

- 09

:0009

:00 -

10:00

10:00

- 11

:0011

:00 -

12:00

12:00

- 13

:0013

:00 -

14:00

14:00

- 15

:0015

:00 -

16:00

16:00

- 17

:0017

:00 -

18:00

18:00

- 19

:0019

:00 -

20:00

20:00

- 21

:0021

:00 -

22:00

22:00

- 23

:0023

:00 -

00:00


Prop

ortio

n (%

) of t

otal

inta

ke a

cros

s th

e da


Figure 3.54 Snack foods: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group

.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

00:00

- 01

:0001

:00 -

02:00

02:00

- 03

:0003

:00 -

04:00

04:00

- 05

:0005

:00 -

06:00

06:00

- 07

:0007

:00 -

08:00

08:00

- 09

:0009

:00 -

10:00

10:00

- 11

:0011

:00 -

12:00

12:00

- 13

:0013

:00 -

14:00

14:00

- 15

:0015

:00 -

16:00

16:00

- 17

:0017

:00 -

18:00

18:00

- 19

:0019

:00 -

20:00

20:00

- 21

:0021

:00 -

22:00

22:00

- 23

:0023

:00 -

00:00


Prop

ortio

n (%

) of t

otal

inta

ke a

cros

s th

e da


Figure 3.55 Confectionery: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group

.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

00:00

- 01

:0001

:00 -

02:00

02:00

- 03

:0003

:00 -

04:00

04:00

- 05

:0005

:00 -

06:00

06:00

- 07

:0007

:00 -

08:00

08:00

- 09

:0009

:00 -

10:00

10:00

- 11

:0011

:00 -

12:00

12:00

- 13

:0013

:00 -

14:00

14:00

- 15

:0015

:00 -

16:00

16:00

- 17

:0017

:00 -

18:00

18:00

- 19

:0019

:00 -

20:00

20:00

- 21

:0021

:00 -

22:00

22:00

- 23

:0023

:00 -

00:00


Prop

ortio

n (%

) of t

otal

inta

ke a

cros

s th

e da


Figure 3.56 Sugar products and dishes: proportion of total daily intake by one hour time slots (consumers only) split by age group

.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

00:00

- 01

:0001

:00 -

02:00

02:00

- 03

:0003

:00 -

04:00

04:00

- 05

:0005

:00 -

06:00

06:00

- 07

:0007

:00 -

08:00

08:00

- 09

:0009

:00 -

10:00

10:00

- 11

:0011

:00 -

12:00

12:00

- 13

:0013

:00 -

14:00

14:00

- 15

:0015

:00 -

16:00

16:00

- 17

:0017

:00 -

18:00

18:00

- 19

:0019

:00 -

20:00

20:00

- 21

:0021

:00 -

22:00

22:00

- 23

:0023

:00 -

00:00


Prop

ortio

n (%

) of t

otal

inta

ke a

cros

s th

e da



4.4 Meal time

Table 3.17 Cereal and cereal products: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex

average grams per person (proportion of total intake) – all respondents*





Males Breakfast 45.5 (29.8%) 48.3 (25.4%) 59.1 (24.3%) 50.9 (19.0%) Males Lunch 35.2 (23.1%) 44.9 (23.6%) 55.0 (22.6%) 57.7 (21.5%) Males Evening Meal 29.8 (19.5%) 55.5 (29.2%) 60.6 (24.9%) 75.4 (28.1%) Males between meals 42.3 (27.7%) 41.3 (21.8%) 68.8 (28.3%) 84.3 (31.4%)Females Breakfast 39.6 (27.2%) 44.4 (26.4%) 44.2 (24.3%) 35.7 (18.4%) Females Lunch 36.7 (25.3%) 43.2 (25.7%) 39.6 (21.8%) 40.2 (20.8%) Females Evening Meal 30.0 (20.6%) 43.1 (25.6%) 55.2 (30.4%) 56.9 (29.3%) Females between meals 39.1 (26.9%) 37.5 (22.3%) 42.7 (23.5%) 61.1 (31.5%)All children Breakfast 42.6 (28.5%) 46.4 (25.9%) 51.8 (24.3%) 43.5 (18.7%)All children Lunch 36.0 (24.1%) 44.1 (24.6%) 47.5 (22.3%) 49.2 (21.2%)All children Evening Meal 29.9 (20.0%) 49.4 (27.6%) 57.9 (27.2%) 66.4 (28.6%)All children between meals 40.7 (27.3%) 39.5 (22.0%) 56.1 (26.3%) 73.0 (31.5%)* refer to appendix 2 Table A2.1 for cell counts

Table 3.18 Cereal-based products and dishes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex






Males Breakfast 2.9 (4.6%) 3.9 (4.0%) 7.0 (5.0%) 6.5 (3.3%)Males Lunch 14.6 (23.3%) 20.6 (21.4%) 32.8 (23.6%) 43.1 (21.6%)Males Evening Meal 13.2 (21.1%) 33.1 (34.4%) 44.6 (32.2%) 62.4 (31.3%)Males between meals 31.9 (51.0%) 38.6 (40.1%) 54.4 (39.2%) 87.5 (43.8%)Females Breakfast 3.9 (6.7%) 3.0 (3.1%) 4.9 (3.6%) 4.4 (3.3%)Females Lunch 15.1 (25.8%) 17.8 (18.8%) 29.9 (22.2%) 26.2 (20.0%)Females Evening Meal 12.4 (21.2%) 36.7 (38.7%) 48.7 (36.2%) 33.6 (25.6%)Females between meals 27.1 (46.3%) 37.3 (39.4%) 50.9 (37.9%) 67.1 (51.1%)All children Breakfast 3.4 (5.6%) 3.4 (3.6%) 6.0 (4.4%) 5.5 (3.3%)All children Lunch 14.9 (24.5%) 19.3 (20.2%) 31.4 (23.0%) 34.9 (21.0%)All children Evening Meal 12.8 (21.2%) 34.9 (36.5%) 46.6 (34.1%) 48.4 (29.1%) All children between meals 29.5 (48.7%) 38.0 (39.8%) 52.7 (38.6%) 77.5 (46.6%)* refer to appendix 2 Table A2.1 for cell counts



Table 3.19 Fats and oils: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex






Males Breakfast 1.7 (23.4%) 1.6 (21.4%) 1.8 (27.4%) 1.7 (21.3%) Males Lunch 2.4 (33.7%) 2.6 (33.9%) 2.0 (29.4%) 2.1 (27.1%) Males Evening Meal 0.8 (11.5%) 1.2 (16.4%) 1.4 (20.8%) 1.1 (14.5%) Males between meals 2.2 (31.4%) 2.2 (28.3%) 1.5 (22.4%) 2.9 (37.2%)Females Breakfast 1.7 (24.9%) 2.1 (28.5%) 1.8 (27.6%) 1.4 (20.1%) Females Lunch 1.9 (28.4%) 2.7 (36.4%) 1.8 (26.8%) 1.9 (26.8%) Females Evening Meal 1.0 (14.4%) 1.0 (13.8%) 1.0 (15.4%) 1.1 (15.5%) Females between meals 2.2 (32.4%) 1.6 (21.3%) 2.0 (30.3%) 2.7 (37.6%)All children Breakfast 1.7 (24.1%) 1.9 (24.8%) 1.8 (27.5%) 1.5 (20.7%) All children Lunch 2.1 (31.1%) 2.6 (35.1%) 1.9 (28.2%) 2.0 (26.9%) All children Evening Meal 0.9 (12.9%) 1.1 (15.1%) 1.2 (18.1%) 1.1 (14.9%) All children between meals 2.2 (31.9%) 1.9 (24.9%) 1.7 (26.2%) 2.8 (37.4%)* refer to appendix 2 Table A2.1 for cell counts

Table 3.20 Seed and nut products and dishes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex






Males Breakfast 0.5 (23.1%) 0.4 (12.7%) 0.6 (20.7%) 0.9 (20.7%)Males Lunch 0.5 (26.2%) 0.5 (18.2%) 0.8 (26.1%) 0.8 (17.7%)Males Evening Meal 0.2 (9.8%) 0.6 (20.6%) 0.8 (27.8%) 0.4 (9.7%)Males between meals 0.8 (40.9%) 1.4 (48.5%) 0.7 (25.5%) 2.3 (51.9%)Females Breakfast 0.5 (20.5%) 0.4 (18.4%) 0.4 (12.1%) 0.6 (13.2%)Females Lunch 0.6 (21.7%) 0.6 (28.9%) 0.7 (20.8%) 0.8 (19.8%)Females Evening Meal 0.3 (9.8%) 0.3 (15.1%) 0.6 (15.9%) 0.6 (13.6%)Females between meals 1.3 (47.9%) 0.8 (37.6%) 1.8 (51.2%) 2.3 (53.3%)All children Breakfast 0.5 (21.6%) 0.4 (15.0%) 0.5 (16.1%) 0.7 (17.1%)All children Lunch 0.6 (23.6%) 0.6 (22.6%) 0.7 (23.3%) 0.8 (18.7%)All children Evening Meal 0.2 (9.8%) 0.4 (18.3%) 0.7 (21.5%) 0.5 (11.6%)All children between meals 1.1 (44.9%) 1.1 (44.1%) 1.2 (39.2%) 2.3 (52.6%)

* refer to appendix 2 Table A2.1 for cell counts



Table 3.21 Vegetable products and dishes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex






Males Breakfast 0.9 (1.0%) 2.8 (2.5%) 1.7 (1.1%) 2.9 (1.4%)Males Lunch 12.4 (13.0%) 14.5 (13.2%) 25.8 (16.0%) 33.0 (16.3%)Males Evening Meal 49.6 (52.2%) 69.5 (63.5%) 104.6 (64.9%) 122.9 (60.6%)Males between meals 32.1 (33.8%) 22.7 (20.7%) 29.0 (18.0%) 44.1 (21.7%)Females Breakfast 0.2 (0.3%) 1.1 (0.9%) 2.9 (1.9%) 1.6 (0.9%)Females Lunch 16.4 (17.2%) 15.0 (13.2%) 23.0 (15.2%) 33.4 (18.7%)Females Evening Meal 50.3 (52.7%) 72.7 (64.3%) 93.4 (61.9%) 101.6 (56.8%)Females between meals 28.6 (29.9%) 24.3 (21.5%) 31.7 (21.0%) 42.3 (23.6%)All children Breakfast 0.6 (0.6%) 1.9 (1.7%) 2.3 (1.5%) 2.3 (1.2%)All children Lunch 14.4 (15.1%) 14.7 (13.2%) 24.4 (15.6%) 33.2 (17.4%)All children Evening Meal 50.0 (52.4%) 71.1 (63.9%) 99.1 (63.5%) 112.5 (58.9%)All children between meals 30.4 (31.9%) 23.5 (21.1%) 30.3 (19.4%) 43.2 (22.6%)* refer to appendix 2 Table A2.1 for cell counts

Table 3.22 Fruit products and dishes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex


2–3 years (Agegroup)

4–8 years (Agegroup)

9–13 years (Age

group)

14–16 years (Age

group)

Males Breakfast 20.3 (10.9%) 13.1 (7.5%) 14.6 (9.4%) 9.8 (7.3%)

Males Lunch 32.0 (17.2%) 32.7 (18.7%) 26.3 (16.8%) 24.7 (18.5%)

Males Evening Meal 17.8 (9.6%) 23.5 (13.4%) 29.1 (18.6%) 17.2 (12.9%)

Males between meals 115.6 (62.2%) 105.5 (60.4%) 86.5 (55.3%) 81.6 (61.2%)

Females Breakfast 13.2 (7.8%) 10.0 (5.8%) 14.1 (8.9%) 9.8 (7.3%)

Females Lunch 28.4 (16.7%) 30.0 (17.5%) 33.1 (21.0%) 27.6 (20.5%)Females Evening Meal 18.5 (10.8%) 21.8 (12.7%) 24.3 (15.4%) 13.0 (9.6%)Females between meals 110.3 (64.7%) 109.8 (64.0%) 86.4 (54.7%) 84.6 (62.7%)All children Breakfast 16.8 (9.4%) 11.6 (6.7%) 14.4 (9.1%) 9.8 (7.3%)All children Lunch 30.2 (17.0%) 31.4 (18.1%) 29.6 (18.8%) 26.1 (19.5%)All children Evening Meal 18.2 (10.2%) 22.7 (13.1%) 26.7 (17.0%) 15.2 (11.3%)All children between meals 113.0 (63.4%) 107.6 (62.1%) 86.5 (55.0%) 83.1 (61.9%)* refer to appendix 2 Table A2.1 for cell counts



Table 3.23 Legume and pulse products and dishes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex







Table 3.24 Non-alcoholic beverages: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex









Table 3.25 Meat, poultry and game products and dishes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex







Table 3.26 Fish and seafood products and dishes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex






Males Breakfast 0 (0%) 0.5 (4.0%) 0.2 (1.3%) 0.0 (0.1%)Males Lunch 2.1 (19.8%) 3.2 (24.0%) 1.0 (5.9%) 1.6 (11.9%)Males Evening Meal 6.3 (59.7%) 7.3 (55.6%) 11.8 (69.3%) 8.1 (61.4%)Males between meals 2.2 (20.5%) 2.2 (16.4%) 4.0 (23.5%) 3.5 (26.6%)Females Breakfast 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.0 (0.1%) 0.1 (0.5%)Females Lunch 2.5 (21.3%) 1.8 (14.7%) 3.6 (27.0%) 5.0 (34.0%)Females Evening Meal 6.7 (56.2%) 8.3 (68.7%) 7.7 (57.1%) 6.1 (41.8%)Females between meals 2.7 (22.5%) 2.0 (16.6%) 2.1 (15.8%) 3.4 (23.6%)All children Breakfast 0 (0%) 0.3 (2.1%) 0.1 (0.8%) 0.0 (0.3%)All children Lunch 2.3 (20.6%) 2.5 (19.7%) 2.3 (15.0%) 3.2 (23.2%)All children Evening Meal 6.5 (57.9%) 7.8 (61.7%) 9.8 (64.0%) 7.1 (51.4%)All children between meals 2.4 (21.6%) 2.1 (16.5%) 3.1 (20.2%) 3.5 (25.1%)* refer to appendix 2 Table A2.1 for cell counts



Table 3.27 Egg products and dishes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex







Table 3.28 Milk products and dishes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex









Table 3.29 Soup: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex






Males Breakfast 0 (0%) 0.1 (0.7%) 0.8 (3.4%) 0.2 (0.6%)Males Lunch 3.0 (20.0%) 1.4 (9.0%) 10.2 (43.1%) 2.4 (7.5%)Males Evening Meal 8.3 (55.2%) 9.1 (58.7%) 11.0 (46.1%) 13.7 (43.5%)Males between meals 3.7 (24.8%) 4.9 (31.6%) 1.8 (7.4%) 15.3 (48.3%)Females Breakfast 0 (0%) 0.6 (2.5%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)Females Lunch 3.8 (28.9%) 4.1 (16.5%) 8.2 (22.0%) 10.4 (30.2%)Females Evening Meal 6.1 (46.1%) 13.7 (54.5%) 18.4 (49.0%) 12.7 (36.7%)Females between meals 3.3 (25.1%) 6.7 (26.6%) 10.8 (28.9%) 11.4 (33.1%)All children Breakfast 0 (0%) 0.4 (1.8%) 0.4 (1.4%) 0.1 (0.3%)All children Lunch 3.4 (24.1%) 2.7 (13.5%) 9.3 (30.4%) 6.3 (19.1%)All children Evening Meal 7.2 (51.0%) 11.4 (56.1%) 14.6 (47.9%) 13.2 (40.0%)All children between meals 3.5 (24.9%) 5.8 (28.5%) 6.2 (20.3%) 13.4 (40.6%)* refer to appendix 2 Table A2.1 for cell counts

Table 3.30 Savoury sauces and condiments: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex









Table 3.31 Dairy substitutes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex






Males Breakfast 8.1 (37.9%) 4.3 (62.2%) 3.8 (51.3%) 4.6 (43.1%)Males Lunch 1.6 (7.7%) 0.7 (10.0%) 0.8 (10.7%) 0 (0%)Males Evening Meal 4.7 (21.9%) 0.4 (5.9%) 0.9 (12.2%) 2.0 (18.5%)Males between meals 7.0 (32.5%) 1.5 (21.8%) 1.9 (25.9%) 4.1 (38.5%)Females Breakfast 6.6 (39.2%) 4.7 (43.1%) 3.1 (72.7%) 1.8 (26.6%)Females Lunch 1.5 (8.6%) 0.0 (0.2%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)Females Evening Meal 5.3 (31.6%) 2.0 (18.6%) 0.4 (9.5%) 1.4 (20.3%)Females between meals 3.5 (20.6%) 4.2 (38.1%) 0.8 (17.8%) 3.6 (53.1%)All children Breakfast 7.4 (38.5%) 4.5 (50.8%) 3.5 (58.8%) 3.2 (36.9%)All children Lunch 1.6 (8.1%) 0.4 (4.2%) 0.4 (6.9%) 0 (0%)All children Evening Meal 5.0 (26.2%) 1.2 (13.5%) 0.7 (11.2%) 1.7 (19.2%)All children between meals 5.2 (27.3%) 2.8 (31.5%) 1.4 (23.1%) 3.8 (44.0%)* refer to appendix 2 Table A2.1 for cell counts

Table 3.32 Snack foods: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex









Table 3.33 Sugar products and dishes: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex







Table 3.34 Confectionery and cereal/nut/fruit/seed bars: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex









Table 3.35 Alcoholic beverages: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex






Males Breakfast 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.0 (0.5%)Males Lunch 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.0 (0.3%)Males Evening Meal 0.1 (33.0%) 0.1 (100.0%) 0.1 (100.0%) 3.6 (79.8%)Males between meals 0.2 (67.0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.9 (19.3%)Females Breakfast 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 3.4 (15.6%)Females Lunch 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)Females Evening Meal 0.2 (82.4%) 0.0 (73.6%) 0.2 (71.3%) 10.1 (46.0%)Females between meals 0.0 (17.6%) 0.0 (26.4%) 0.1 (28.7%) 8.4 (38.4%)All children Breakfast 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1.7 (12.9%)All children Lunch 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.0 (0.1%)All children Evening Meal 0.1 (55.7%) 0.0 (88.7%) 0.1 (79.3%) 6.8 (52.0%)All children between meals 0.1 (44.3%) 0.0 (11.3%) 0.0 (20.7%) 4.6 (35.0%)* refer to appendix 2 Table A2.1 for cell counts

Table 3.36 Special dietary foods: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex






Males Breakfast 0.3 (25.7%) 0 (0%) 1.2 (60.8%) 3.8 (54.9%)Males Lunch 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.7 (32.8%) 0.6 (9.0%)Males Evening Meal 0.0 (2.2%) 1.4 (75.0%) 0.0 (1.9%) 0.0 (0.3%)Males between meals 0.9 (72.1%) 0.5 (25.0%) 0.1 (4.5%) 2.5 (35.8%)Females Breakfast 0 (0%) 2.0 (62.6%) 0.2 (43.1%) 1.5 (85.2%)Females Lunch 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.0 (0.2%)Females Evening Meal 0 (0%) 0.7 (22.1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)Females between meals 0.4 (100.0%) 0.5 (15.3%) 0.2 (56.9%) 0.2 (14.6%)All children Breakfast 0.2 (18.8%) 1.0 (38.3%) 0.7 (57.9%) 2.6 (60.7%)All children Lunch 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.3 (27.5%) 0.3 (7.3%)All children Evening Meal 0.0 (1.6%) 1.1 (42.6%) 0.0 (1.6%) 0.0 (0.3%)All children between meals 0.6 (79.6%) 0.5 (19.1%) 0.2 (13.0%) 1.4 (31.8%)* refer to appendix 2 Table A2.1 for cell counts



Table 3.37 Miscellaneous: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex







Table 3.38 Infant formula: mean intake (proportion of total intake) by meal type, presented by age group and sex






Males Breakfast 2.9 (28.4%) 0.0 (22.9%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)Males Lunch 1.7 (16.7%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.2 (100.0%)Males Evening Meal 3.7 (36.0%) 0.0 (19.3%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)Males between meals 1.9 (19.0%) 0.1 (57.9%) 0.1 (100.0%) 0 (0%)Females Breakfast 3.2 (34.5%) 0.2 (100.0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)Females Lunch 0.8 (8.7%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)Females Evening Meal 3.0 (32.3%) 0 (0%) 0.7 (100.0%) 0 (0%)Females between meals 2.2 (24.5%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.0 (100.0%)All children Breakfast 3.0 (31.2%) 0.1 (54.3%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)All children Lunch 1.3 (12.9%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.1 (83.7%)All children Evening Meal 3.3 (34.2%) 0.0 (11.4%) 0.3 (86.8%) 0 (0%)All children between meals 2.1 (21.6%) 0.1 (34.3%) 0.0 (13.2%) 0.0 (16.3%)* refer to appendix 2 Table A2.1 for cell counts



4.5 Place of consumptionTable 3.39 Proportion of non-alcoholic beverages consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group

(average proportion per consumer)*

location of food consumption

Home Any other residence

Place of purchase

Institution

Leisure

activity

During transport

Other Not specified

Weekday 2–3 years

Males 76.4 3.9 2.1 13.7 2.1 1.1 0.3 0.4

Weekday 2–3 years

Females

76.8 5.0 2.0 12.2 1.4 2.0 0.4 0.2

Weekday 2–3 years

Total 76.6 4.4 2.1 13.0 1.7 1.5 0.3 0.3

Weekday 4–8 years

Males 57.5 3.6 1.5 33.9 2.3 0.9 0.3 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Females

54.8 4.1 1.2 36.2 2.6 0.7 0.4 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Total 56.1 3.9 1.4 35.0 2.4 0.8 0.4 0.0

Weekday 9–13 years

Males 55.6 2.5 3.5 30.0 6.8 1.3 0.3 0.1


Females

55.0 2.5 2.7 33.6 4.0 1.4 0.7 0.1


Total 55.3 2.5 3.1 31.7 5.4 1.3 0.5 0.1


Males 60.9 1.3 3.7 26.6 5.1 1.5 0.8 0.1


Females

56.5 4.4 3.7 27.2 4.4 1.6 1.9 0.2


Total 58.8 2.8 3.7 26.9 4.7 1.6 1.3 0.2

Weekday Total

Males 60.0 2.8 2.7 28.6 4.3 1.2 0.4 0.1




Place of purchase

Institution

Leisure

activity

During transport

Other Not specified

Weekday Total

Females

57.9 3.8 2.2 30.7 3.2 1.3 0.8 0.1

Weekday Total

Total 59.0 3.3 2.5 29.6 3.8 1.2 0.6 0.1

Weekend 2–3 years

Males 77.2 10.9 3.1 2.4 4.7 1.5 0.1 0.1

Weekend 2–3 years

Females

79.6 8.8 3.5 3.7 2.9 0.5 0.3 0.8

Weekend 2–3 years

Total 78.5 9.8 3.3 3.1 3.8 1.0 0.2 0.5

Weekend 4–8 years

Males 72.7 9.0 7.4 1.3 6.1 1.8 1.7 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Female 72.8 12.7 5.6 1.3 5.8 1.2 0.3 0.3

Weekend 4–8 years

Total 72.7 10.7 6.6 1.3 6.0 1.5 1.0 0.1

Weekend 9–13 years

Males 66.7 10.0 6.3 0.7 13.3 2.6 0.2 0.2


Females

71.1 9.8 6.9 0.8 7.5 2.7 0.9 0.2


Total 68.9 9.9 6.6 0.8 10.4 2.7 0.6 0.2


Males 67.7 11.8 6.1 0.7 10.4 2.0 1.1 0.2


Females

67.4 7.7 8.1 0.8 11.1 2.9 1.5 0.3


Total 67.6 9.7 7.1 0.8 10.8 2.4 1.3 0.3

Weekend Total

Males 70.0 10.1 6.3 1.1 9.4 2.1 0.9 0.1

Weekend Total

Females

71.8 10.1 6.4 1.3 7.3 2.0 0.8 0.3

Weekend Total

Total 70.9 10.1 6.3 1.2 8.4 2.1 0.8 0.2




Table 3.40 Proportion of cereal and cereal products consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group



Place of purchase

Institution Leisure activity

During transport

Other Not specified

Weekday 2–3 years

Males 79.0 4.1 1.5 13.9 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.0

Weekday 2–3 years

Females

80.4 4.0 0.9 12.9 0.3 1.5 0.0 0.0

Weekday 2–3 years

Total 79.7 4.1 1.2 13.5 0.6 1.0 0.1 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Males 64.3 3.7 1.3 29.5 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.1

Weekday 4–8 years

Females

64.5 3.1 0.7 30.2 0.4 1.0 0.2 0.1

Weekday 4–8 years

Total 64.4 3.4 1.0 29.8 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.1


Males 66.1 4.1 1.2 26.5 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.2


Females

63.8 2.6 1.5 30.4 1.0 0.1 0.5 0.1


Total 65.0 3.4 1.3 28.4 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.2


Males 69.9 1.3 1.7 25.8 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.0


Females

64.8 4.3 1.9 26.0 0.9 1.4 0.6 0.0


Total 67.5 2.7 1.8 25.9 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.0

Weekday Total Males 67.9 3.4 1.4 25.8 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.1

Weekday Total Females

66.4 3.3 1.2 27.3 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.1

Weekday Total Total 67.1 3.4 1.3 26.5 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.1

Weekend 2–3 years

Males 85.1 7.1 2.7 1.8 0.9 1.9 0.2 0.3

Weekend 2–3 years

Females

84.2 8.3 2.6 2.5 0.9 1.4 0.0 0.0

Weekend 2–3 years

Total 84.6 7.8 2.6 2.2 0.9 1.6 0.1 0.1

Weekend 4–8 years

Males 84.8 7.1 4.1 1.2 1.5 0.6 0.6 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Females

78.9 14.5 2.7 1.7 2.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Total 82.1 10.5 3.4 1.4 1.7 0.5 0.4 0.0


Males 80.2 7.9 4.5 0.3 5.1 0.7 1.3 0.0




Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified


Females

78.3 12.5 4.7 0.5 3.4 0.1 0.6 0.0


Total 79.3 10.2 4.6 0.4 4.2 0.4 0.9 0.0


Males 85.2 8.3 2.6 0.0 2.7 0.6 0.4 0.2


Females

84.2 7.2 3.8 0.7 3.1 0.2 0.9 0.0


Total 84.7 7.7 3.2 0.3 2.9 0.4 0.6 0.1

Weekend Total Males 83.4 7.6 3.7 0.7 2.9 0.8 0.8 0.1

Weekend Total Females

80.6 11.3 3.6 1.1 2.6 0.3 0.4 0.0

Weekend Total Total 82.0 9.4 3.7 0.9 2.7 0.6 0.6 0.0




Table 3.41 Proportion of cereal-based products and dishes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group



Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

Weekday 2–3 years

Males 62.1 8.6 2.9 22.4 2.0 1.6 0.4 0.0

Weekday 2–3 years

Females 62.5 11.2 5.0 14.7 2.9 3.6 0.1 0.0

Weekday 2–3 years

Total 62.3 9.8 3.9 18.7 2.4 2.5 0.3 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Males 45.5 7.8 4.1 39.9 1.5 1.0 0.2 0.1

Weekday 4–8 years

Females 46.5 7.7 4.0 36.7 2.9 1.9 0.4 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Total 46.0 7.7 4.0 38.2 2.3 1.4 0.3 0.0


Males 48.6 3.0 5.7 37.3 2.3 2.6 0.4 0.0


Females 45.9 4.7 6.1 35.5 2.6 3.5 1.6 0.0


Total 47.3 3.8 5.9 36.4 2.5 3.1 1.0 0.0


Males 49.5 1.8 7.0 36.2 2.9 2.5 0.2 0.0


Females 47.6 4.9 6.1 36.8 1.1 3.5 0.0 0.0


Total 48.6 3.3 6.5 36.5 2.0 3.0 0.1 0.0


Weekday Total Females 48.4 6.7 5.1 33.7 2.5 2.9 0.7 0.0


Weekend 2–3 years

Males 68.8 14.2 4.1 3.8 6.3 2.4 0.0 0.3

Weekend 2–3 years

Females 67.6 14.3 5.6 5.5 4.5 1.8 0.6 0.0

Weekend 2–3 years

Total 68.2 14.2 4.9 4.7 5.4 2.1 0.3 0.2

Weekend

4–8 years

Males 63.9 9.6 15.6 1.6 6.8 0.9 1.6 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Females 56.5 19.6 12.6 1.6 7.7 1.8 0.2 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Total 60.5 14.2 14.2 1.6 7.2 1.3 1.0 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Males 59.7 15.1 10.6 0.3 8.2 5.9 0.2 0.0

Weeken 9–13 Females 65.7 14.1 11.2 1.4 3.1 3.0 1.5 0.0




Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

d years


Total 62.7 14.6 10.9 0.8 5.6 4.5 0.8 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Males 62.6 16.5 9.9 1.9 5.2 3.8 0.1 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Females 62.1 10.7 14.7 0.8 6.5 4.3 0.9 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Total 62.4 13.6 12.3 1.3 5.8 4.0 0.5 0.0

Weekend

Total Males 62.7 13.5 11.3 1.5 6.9 3.5 0.6 0.0

Weekend Total Females 62.5 15.0 11.6 1.9 5.3 2.8 0.9 0.0

Weekend

Total Total 62.6 14.2 11.5 1.7 6.1 3.1 0.7 0.0




Table 3.42 Proportion of fats and oils consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group



Place of purchase

Institution Leisure

activity

During transport

Other Not specified

Weekday 2–3 years

Males 70.7 5.8 0.9 19.8 1.9 0.8 0.1 0.0

Weekday 2–3 years

Females 75.3 6.0 1.0 15.5 0.1 1.9 0.0 0.1

Weekday 2–3 years

Total 72.9 5.9 1.0 17.7 1.0 1.3 0.0 0.1

Weekday 4–8 years

Males 47.2 2.4 0.5 48.7 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Females 51.3 2.9 0.1 44.5 0.0 0.8 0.2 0.3

Weekday 4–8 years

Total 49.3 2.6 0.3 46.6 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.2


Males 58.0 2.4 0.0 38.3 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.0


Females 55.1 2.3 0.8 40.6 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.1


Total 56.5 2.4 0.4 39.5 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.1


Males 63.8 0.5 1.9 32.4 0.1 0.6 0.8 0.0


Females 61.4 4.0 1.8 30.7 0.9 1.2 0.2 0.0


Total 62.6 2.2 1.8 31.6 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.0




Weekend 2–3 years

Males 85.7 8.3 0.3 2.4 2.0 0.8 0.5 0.0

Weekend 2–3 years

Females 76.7 12.2 2.4 3.8 2.4 2.5 0.1 0.0

Weekend 2–3 years

Total 81.1 10.3 1.4 3.1 2.2 1.6 0.3 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Males 88.6 5.5 0.9 1.3 1.5 0.2 2.0 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Females 81.0 9.9 2.5 1.2 4.6 0.7 0.0 0.0




Place of purchase

Institution Leisure

activity

During transport

Other Not specified

Weekend

4–8 years

Total 85.1 7.5 1.6 1.3 2.9 0.5 1.1 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Males 84.6 6.3 1.6 0.1 7.1 0.2 0.0 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Females 85.2 10.5 1.7 0.7 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Total 84.9 8.5 1.7 0.4 4.4 0.1 0.0 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Males 77.8 17.9 0.6 0.0 1.4 2.1 0.1 0.2

Weekend

14–16 years

Females 84.9 9.2 0.8 0.5 4.1 0.1 0.5 0.0


Total 81.6 13.2 0.7 0.3 2.9 1.0 0.3 0.1

Weekend

Total Males 84.9 8.5 1.0 0.8 3.3 0.6 0.8 0.0

Weekend

Total Females 82.6 10.3 1.8 1.3 3.2 0.6 0.1 0.0

Weekend

Total Total 83.7 9.4 1.4 1.1 3.3 0.6 0.5 0.0




Table 3.43 Proportion of fish and seafood products and dishes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group


Home Any other residenc

e

Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

Weekday 2–3 years

Males 84.2 0.6 2.7 9.5 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday 2–3 years

Females

83.5 0.2 5.2 8.4 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday 2–3 years

Total 83.8 0.4 4.1 8.9 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Males 75.3 2.5 4.7 14.0 0.8 2.5 0.0 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Females

76.5 9.0 7.1 7.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Total 75.9 5.8 5.9 10.7 0.4 1.3 0.0 0.0


Males 71.3 8.5 6.5 10.7 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Females

77.0 0.0 5.4 15.4 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0


Total 74.0 4.4 6.0 12.9 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0


Males 80.9 0.0 8.7 8.7 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0


Females

62.3 0.0 7.7 26.3 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0


Total 69.6 0.0 8.1 19.4 0.0 2.2 0.7 0.0



75.2 2.9 6.3 13.7 1.2 0.7 0.0 0.0


Weekend 2–3 years

Males 82.5 7.6 8.5 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend 2–3 years

Females

98.6 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend 2–3 years

Total 89.7 4.2 5.3 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Males 70.8 3.8 25.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Females

74.6 12.4 7.5 0.0 2.0 3.5 0.0 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Total 73.0 8.8 15.0 0.0 1.1 2.0 0.0 0.0


Males 89.0 11.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Females

76.8 2.2 14.9 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0


Total 82.6 6.4 7.8 0.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0




e

Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified


Males 76.4 10.9 5.6 0.0 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Females

81.5 0.0 18.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Total 78.6 6.3 11.1 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

Total Males 78.9 8.0 11.3 0.2 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

Total Females

79.0 6.1 10.7 0.0 2.6 1.5 0.0 0.0

Weekend

Total Total 78.9 7.0 11.0 0.1 2.1 0.8 0.0 0.0




Table 3.44 Proportion of fruit products and dishes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group



e

Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

Weekday 2–3 years

Males 66.1 6.5 0.1 22.8 2.4 1.7 0.5 0.0

Weekday 2–3 years

Females

68.0 5.7 0.2 20.9 1.1 4.1 0.0 0.0

Weekday 2–3 years

Total 66.9 6.1 0.1 21.9 1.8 2.8 0.3 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Males 37.9 3.1 0.4 56.4 0.9 1.2 0.1 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Females

38.3 4.1 0.2 55.3 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2

Weekday –8 years

Total 38.1 3.6 0.3 55.8 0.8 1.1 0.1 0.1


Males 37.3 1.9 0.8 54.2 1.8 2.7 0.9 0.5


Females

42.3 2.6 0.0 51.3 2.1 1.7 0.0 0.0


Total 39.9 2.2 0.4 52.7 1.9 2.2 0.4 0.2


Males 49.3 0.9 0.0 45.1 0.6 4.0 0.0 0.0


Females

41.7 0.0 0.1 54.4 0.5 3.1 0.1 0.0


Total 45.4 0.5 0.1 49.9 0.6 3.6 0.0 0.0



44.1 3.2 0.1 49.2 1.2 2.0 0.0 0.1


Weekend 2–3 years

Males 82.4 7.8 0.0 4.7 1.6 2.8 0.3 0.3

Weekend 2–3 years

Females

78.9 12.1 0.5 5.1 1.8 1.2 0.4 0.0

Weekend

2–3 years

Total 80.6 10.0 0.3 4.9 1.7 2.0 0.4 0.2

Weekend

4–8 years

Males 82.4 6.4 1.8 2.8 1.8 1.3 3.4 0.1

Weekend

4–8 years

Females

76.6 11.3 0.3 3.8 4.7 3.3 0.0 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Total 79.7 8.6 1.1 3.3 3.1 2.2 1.8 0.1

Weekend

9–13 years

Males 87.8 1.8 1.2 1.3 4.9 3.0 0.0 0.0

Weeken 9–13 Femal 72.9 11.3 0.6 2.4 11.1 1.7 0.0 0.0




e

Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

d years es Weekend

9–13 years

Total 80.3 6.6 0.9 1.9 8.0 2.4 0.0 0.0


Males 84.4 6.3 1.7 1.4 3.3 3.1 0.0 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Females

78.4 8.5 1.6 0.5 9.0 1.2 0.8 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Total 81.3 7.4 1.6 0.9 6.2 2.1 0.4 0.0


Weekend

Total Females

76.1 11.0 0.7 3.0 7.0 2.0 0.2 0.0

Weekend

Total Total 80.3 8.0 1.0 2.7 5.0 2.2 0.8 0.1




Table 3.45 Proportion of egg products and dishes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group



e

Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

Weekday 2–3 years

Males 87.5 10.7 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0

Weekday 2–3 years

Females

86.6 2.5 5.5 3.3 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday 2–3 years

Total 87.0 5.7 3.3 2.4 1.3 0.0 0.3 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Males 66.7 7.0 0.0 26.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Females

89.3 2.3 0.0 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9

Weekday 4–8 years

Total 78.0 4.7 0.0 16.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0


Males 86.6 0.0 0.3 13.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Females

52.1 0.9 3.1 40.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0


Total 70.8 0.4 1.6 25.4 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0


Males 68.9 5.2 1.3 24.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Females

84.8 0.0 4.6 10.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Total 77.2 2.5 3.0 17.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



77.3 1.5 2.8 16.3 0.4 0.0 1.1 0.6


Weekend 2–3 years

Males 89.1 7.8 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend 2–3 years

Females

94.2 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend 2–3 years

Total 91.3 6.9 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Males 86.0 6.5 4.6 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Females

99.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Total 92.4 3.8 2.4 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Males 70.8 11.1 5.5 0.0 12.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend 9–13 Female 90.5 2.0 1.8 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.9 0.0




e

Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

years s


Total 81.4 6.2 3.5 0.0 8.4 0.0 0.5 0.0


Males 83.5 7.7 6.5 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0


Females

74.2 13.0 5.1 1.1 5.5 0.0 1.1 0.0


Total 78.9 10.3 5.8 0.6 2.7 1.1 0.6 0.0



90.2 4.6 1.7 0.3 2.7 0.0 0.5 0.0





Table 3.46 Proportion of meat, poultry and game products and dishes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group



e

Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

Weekday 2–3 years

Males 82.0 4.6 1.5 9.5 1.1 1.2 0.0 0.0

Weekday 2–3 years

Females

82.7 4.8 1.4 9.0 0.9 1.2 0.0 0.0

Weekday 2–3 years

Total 82.3 4.7 1.5 9.3 1.0 1.2 0.0 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Males 67.9 5.4 2.9 22.9 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1

Weekday 4–8 years

Females

66.8 5.7 2.2 23.6 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Total 67.4 5.5 2.5 23.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.0


Males 70.1 2.5 5.3 20.4 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.0


Females

65.1 2.5 4.7 24.7 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.1


Total 67.9 2.5 5.0 22.4 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.0


Males 70.1 2.0 2.6 23.4 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.1


Females

67.3 4.7 5.6 20.8 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.0


Total 68.8 3.2 4.0 22.2 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.1



68.4 4.4 3.5 21.6 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.0


Weekend 2–3 years

Males 81.3 7.8 5.9 0.0 3.9 1.1 0.0 0.0

Weekend 2–3 years

Females

78.2 11.2 5.3 3.1 2.0 0.2 0.1 0.0

Weekend 2–3 years

Total 79.6 9.7 5.6 1.7 2.9 0.6 0.0 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Males 75.4 11.9 8.9 0.6 2.5 0.4 0.3 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Females

74.7 10.8 7.6 1.1 5.4 0.5 0.0 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Total 75.1 11.4 8.3 0.8 3.8 0.5 0.2 0.0


Males 71.2 12.2 8.4 0.6 6.6 0.8 0.1 0.0

Weekend 9–13 Female 75.1 12.4 7.0 0.6 4.5 0.4 0.1 0.0




e

Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

years s Weekend 9–13

yearsTotal 73.2 12.3 7.7 0.6 5.5 0.6 0.1 0.0


Males 76.3 11.6 5.4 0.7 4.1 0.9 1.0 0.0


Females

77.3 8.5 9.6 1.0 3.4 0.1 0.2 0.0


Total 76.8 10.1 7.5 0.8 3.7 0.5 0.6 0.0



75.9 10.9 7.5 1.1 4.2 0.3 0.1 0.0





Table 3.47 Proportion of milk products and dishes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group



Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

Weekday 2–3 years

Males 83.5 4.2 0.5 10.5 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.5

Weekday

2–3 years

Females

85.7 3.5 1.7 7.8 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.1

Weekday

2–3 years

Total 84.6 3.9 1.1 9.2 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.3

Weekday

4–8 years

Males 80.0 3.4 1.7 13.2 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.1

Weekday

4–8 years

Females

78.4 4.9 2.0 14.1 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Total 79.2 4.2 1.8 13.6 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Males 80.6 2.0 1.7 11.8 2.3 1.6 0.0 0.1

Weekday

9–13 years

Females

80.8 3.2 2.9 11.3 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Total 80.7 2.6 2.3 11.5 1.6 1.1 0.2 0.1

Weekday

14–16 years

Males 83.9 3.2 2.3 9.4 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.1

Weekday

14–16 years

Females

72.1 3.4 3.8 16.1 1.1 2.2 1.0 0.4

Weekday

14–16 years

Total 78.5 3.3 3.0 12.5 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.2

Weekday

Total Males 81.4 3.0 1.6 11.6 1.1 0.9 0.1 0.2

Weekday

Total Females

79.0 3.9 2.6 12.7 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.1

Weekday

Total Total 80.3 3.4 2.1 12.2 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.1

Weekend 2–3 years

Males 87.9 5.0 2.6 1.5 1.8 0.5 0.4 0.3

Weekend

2–3 years

Females

89.7 5.9 1.2 2.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.3

Weekend

2–3 years

Total 88.8 5.5 1.9 1.7 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.3

Weekend

4–8 years

Males 84.6 7.6 5.6 0.7 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Females

81.6 9.7 5.0 0.6 2.7 0.4 0.0 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Total 83.2 8.6 5.3 0.7 1.8 0.3 0.1 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Males 83.8 8.2 3.9 0.0 1.7 2.0 0.4 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Females

78.7 7.1 8.6 0.4 2.6 2.3 0.1 0.1




Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

Weekend

9–13 years

Total 81.2 7.7 6.3 0.2 2.2 2.1 0.3 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Males 87.8 4.4 4.4 0.4 1.4 0.9 0.3 0.3

Weekend

14–16 years

Females

83.1 5.8 6.0 1.2 1.9 1.0 1.0 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Total 85.5 5.1 5.2 0.8 1.6 1.0 0.6 0.2

Weekend

Total Males 85.4 6.8 4.4 0.5 1.4 1.0 0.3 0.1

Weekend

Total Females

82.0 7.5 6.0 0.8 2.2 1.1 0.3 0.1

Weekend

Total Total 83.7 7.1 5.2 0.7 1.8 1.1 0.3 0.1




Table 3.48 Proportion of dairy substitutes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group



e

Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

Weekday 2–3 years

Males 71.9 9.3 9.9 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3

Weekday 2–3 years

Females

94.0 4.2 0.0 1.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday 2–3 years

Total 82.5 6.9 5.2 4.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.2

Weekday 4–8 years

Males 85.1 0.0 0.0 14.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Females

87.7 0.0 0.0 11.5 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Total 86.3 0.0 0.0 13.4 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0


Males 79.3 20.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Females

88.6 0.0 0.0 11.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Total 84.3 9.6 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Males 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Females

100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Total 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



91.3 1.1 0.0 7.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0


Weekend 2–3 years

Males 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend 2–3 years

Females

89.6 10.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend 2–3 years

Total 93.5 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Males 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Females

78.5 21.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Total 81.1 18.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Males 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0




e

Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified


Females

100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Total 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Males 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Females

76.2 0.0 23.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Total 82.8 0.0 17.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



82.6 13.5 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0





Table 3.49 Proportion of soup consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group



Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

Weekday 2–3 years

Males 86.5 1.9 5.5 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

2–3 years

Females 82.7 17.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

2–3 years

Total 84.9 8.2 3.3 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Males 83.6 4.9 0.0 11.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Females 87.3 5.1 0.0 7.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Total 85.7 5.0 0.0 9.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Males 66.1 22.8 2.6 8.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Females 75.6 9.3 0.0 11.8 0.0 0.0 3.3 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Total 72.3 14.1 0.9 10.6 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Males 95.2 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Females 82.6 0.8 5.0 1.6 0.0 10.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Total 87.6 0.5 3.0 2.9 0.0 6.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Total Males 81.7 8.3 1.7 8.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Total Females 81.7 6.6 1.1 7.1 0.0 2.3 1.2 0.0

Weekday

Total Total 81.7 7.3 1.4 7.6 0.0 1.3 0.7 0.0

Weekend 2–3 years

Males 72.4 27.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

2–3 years

Females 81.4 18.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

2–3 years

Total 77.4 22.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Males 78.7 21.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Females 90.4 0.0 9.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Total 84.7 10.3 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0




Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

Weekday

9–13 years

Males 79.5 12.0 8.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Females 97.5 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Total 88.7 7.2 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Males 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Females 97.1 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Total 98.4 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Total Males 83.4 13.3 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Total Females 93.7 3.0 3.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Total Total 88.8 7.9 3.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0




Table 3.50 Proportion of seed and nut products and dishes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group



e

Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

Weekday 2–3 years

Males 78.0 9.6 0.0 9.0 1.1 2.3 0.0 0.0

Weekday 2–3 years

Females

77.0 5.5 2.9 9.2 0.0 5.5 0.0 0.0

Weekday 2–3 years

Total 77.4 7.3 1.6 9.1 0.5 4.1 0.0 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Males 74.6 5.4 0.0 19.8 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Females

62.1 5.0 0.0 28.6 2.0 2.3 0.0 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Total 68.2 5.2 0.0 24.3 1.0 1.3 0.0 0.0


Males 57.6 0.0 0.0 35.8 5.3 0.0 0.0 1.2


Females

55.5 0.3 0.0 41.5 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0


Total 56.5 0.1 0.0 38.7 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.6


Males 52.0 1.0 0.7 44.2 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0


Females

54.4 3.1 3.7 36.8 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0


Total 53.1 2.0 2.1 40.8 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0



60.2 3.1 1.1 32.1 1.6 1.9 0.0 0.0


Weekend 2–3 years

Males 88.7 0.6 0.0 5.5 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend 2–3 years

Females

82.9 12.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0

Weekend 2–3 years

Total 86.0 6.0 0.0 3.0 2.8 2.2 0.0 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Males 84.7 9.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.9 0.0 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Females

61.1 30.1 0.0 2.0 0.0 6.8 0.0 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Total 72.4 20.2 0.0 1.0 0.0 6.4 0.0 0.0


Males 82.4 11.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.9 0.0 0.0


Females

56.5 14.7 15.7 0.0 2.2 0.0 10.8 0.0




e

Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified


Total 73.4 12.8 5.5 0.0 0.8 3.8 3.7 0.0


Males 86.1 6.3 3.7 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0


Females

89.9 0.0 4.4 1.3 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0


Total 88.1 2.9 4.1 0.7 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0



72.8 14.5 4.6 1.1 1.9 2.9 2.2 0.0





Table 3.51 Proportion of savoury sauces and condiments consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group



Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

Weekday 2–3 years

Males 86.4 3.4 1.2 7.8 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.0

Weekday

2–3 years

Females 86.5 5.9 2.5 4.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

2–3 years

Total 86.5 4.6 1.8 6.4 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Males 69.3 4.9 1.7 22.8 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Females 68.5 5.5 4.4 17.0 2.1 1.8 0.5 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Total 68.9 5.2 3.1 19.9 1.7 0.9 0.3 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Males 65.5 6.2 3.0 20.2 4.5 0.2 0.4 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Females 65.4 2.1 5.0 23.0 1.4 2.0 1.0 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Total 65.5 4.4 3.9 21.4 3.1 1.0 0.7 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Males 62.0 1.7 4.6 26.4 2.9 1.8 0.6 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Females 62.0 5.2 5.9 21.7 3.1 1.9 0.1 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Total 62.0 3.3 5.2 24.3 3.0 1.8 0.4 0.0

Weekday

Total Males 68.2 4.4 2.8 21.2 2.7 0.5 0.3 0.0

Weekday

Total Females 68.2 4.5 4.7 18.5 1.9 1.7 0.5 0.0

Weekday

Total Total 68.2 4.4 3.7 19.9 2.3 1.1 0.4 0.0

Weekday

Total

Weekend 2–3 years

Males 82.1 9.0 6.2 1.1 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0

Weekend

2–3 years

Females 78.0 14.0 3.9 3.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

2–3 years

Total 80.0 11.5 5.0 2.0 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Males 68.9 11.9 15.4 0.0 2.1 1.7 0.0 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Females 73.9 8.3 8.4 1.2 7.0 0.8 0.3 0.0

Weeke 4–8 Total 71.5 10.0 11.8 0.6 4.7 1.2 0.2 0.0




Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

nd years

Weekend

9–13 years

Males 65.1 11.7 12.4 1.0 8.8 1.1 0.0 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Females 67.1 11.2 15.0 0.0 5.3 1.4 0.0 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Total 66.1 11.4 13.7 0.5 7.1 1.2 0.0 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Males 63.6 13.5 9.4 0.1 12.0 0.0 1.3 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Females 72.6 6.0 14.6 0.0 6.5 0.2 0.1 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Total 68.2 9.7 12.1 0.1 9.2 0.1 0.7 0.0

Weekend

Total Males 67.4 11.9 11.9 0.5 7.0 1.0 0.3 0.0

Weekend

Total Females 71.4 9.4 12.0 0.6 5.7 0.8 0.1 0.0

Weekend

Total Total 69.4 10.6 11.9 0.6 6.3 0.9 0.2 0.0




Table 3.52 Proportion of vegetable products and dishes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group



Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

Weekday 2–3 years

Males 86.3 3.4 2.8 5.8 0.9 0.8 0.0 0.0

Weekday

2–3 years

Females

83.6 5.5 3.7 4.7 2.1 0.4 0.0 0.1

Weekday 2–3 years

Total 85.0 4.4 3.2 5.3 1.5 0.6 0.0 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Males 81.6 5.5 3.1 9.1 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.1

Weekday 4–8 years

Females

77.0 5.2 4.3 11.4 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Total 79.2 5.4 3.7 10.3 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Males 74.1 4.7 5.3 13.3 2.5 0.0 0.2 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Females

71.5 3.6 5.1 15.9 0.9 3.1 0.0 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Total 72.8 4.1 5.2 14.5 1.7 1.5 0.1 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Males 75.7 1.3 4.9 15.0 1.6 1.5 0.0 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Females

71.1 5.5 6.1 11.8 2.3 2.5 0.7 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Total 73.4 3.4 5.5 13.4 2.0 2.0 0.4 0.0

Weekday

Total Males 78.5 4.2 4.1 11.2 1.4 0.5 0.1 0.0

Weekday

Total Females

75.0 4.8 4.8 12.0 1.3 1.7 0.3 0.0

Weekday

Total Total 76.8 4.5 4.5 11.6 1.3 1.1 0.2 0.0

Weekday

Weekend 2–3 years

Males 82.1 7.1 7.3 0.3 2.4 0.9 0.0 0.0

Weekend

2–3 years

Females

83.5 6.3 6.7 1.7 1.7 0.0 0.2 0.0

Weekend

2–3 years

Total 82.8 6.7 6.9 1.0 2.0 0.4 0.1 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Males 72.3 10.6 13.9 0.1 2.9 0.2 0.0 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Females

79.7 7.8 5.0 1.2 5.1 1.1 0.0 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Total 75.7 9.3 9.8 0.6 3.9 0.6 0.0 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Males 72.7 9.1 12.0 0.2 3.5 2.3 0.0 0.0




Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

Weekend

9–13 years

Females

74.5 8.8 10.8 1.1 3.6 1.0 0.2 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Total 73.6 9.0 11.4 0.7 3.6 1.7 0.1 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Males 69.3 9.8 11.2 0.0 5.9 2.7 1.1 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Females

68.4 7.0 18.1 0.9 3.7 1.4 0.5 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Total 68.9 8.4 14.6 0.4 4.8 2.1 0.8 0.0

Weekend

Total Males 72.8 9.6 11.9 0.1 3.7 1.5 0.2 0.0

Weekend

Total Females

75.7 7.8 10.3 1.1 3.8 1.0 0.2 0.0

Weekend

Total Total 74.3 8.7 11.1 0.6 3.8 1.3 0.2 0.0




Table 3.53 Proportion of legume and pulse products and dishes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group



Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

Weekday 2–3 years

Males 78.5 15.7 0.0 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

2–3 years

Females 72.6 6.3 0.0 21.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

2–3 years

Total 75.2 10.5 0.0 14.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Males 80.1 0.0 0.0 18.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5

Weekday

4–8 years

Females 84.8 5.4 0.0 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Total 82.7 3.0 0.0 13.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

Weekday

9–13 years

Males 79.7 8.1 0.0 12.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Females 88.9 0.0 0.0 11.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Total 83.3 4.9 0.0 11.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Males 79.6 7.0 0.0 13.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Females 95.7 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Total 88.4 3.2 0.0 8.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Total Males 79.7 5.9 0.0 13.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

Weekday

Total Females 85.9 3.4 0.0 10.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Total Total 82.9 4.6 0.0 12.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3

Weekend 2–3 years

Males 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

2–3 years

Females 81.0 6.2 8.2 2.8 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

2–3 years

Total 88.0 3.9 5.2 1.8 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Males 79.9 8.8 11.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Females 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Total 89.6 4.5 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Males 74.4 9.4 16.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Females 93.8 6.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Total 81.8 8.2 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Males 90.9 2.3 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.0 2.1 0.0

Weeke 14–16 Females 85.8 2.5 9.7 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0




Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

nd years

Weekend

14–16 years

Total 88.3 2.4 5.0 0.0 3.3 0.0 1.0 0.0

Weekend

Total Males 82.6 6.6 9.1 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.5 0.0

Weekend

Total Females 91.2 3.2 4.2 0.5 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

Total Total 86.7 5.0 6.8 0.2 1.0 0.0 0.3 0.0




Table 3.54 Proportion of snack foods consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group



Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

Weekday 2–3 years

Males 58.9 9.3 1.4 15.9 5.9 4.8 3.7 0.0

Weekday 2–3 years

Females 42.3 12.9 3.9 21.2 3.9 15.8 0.0 0.0

Weekday 2–3 years

Total 51.7 10.9 2.5 18.2 5.1 9.6 2.1 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Males 23.1 11.1 1.7 54.4 3.3 3.7 2.7 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Females 27.8 6.7 0.3 56.7 4.0 2.8 1.0 0.5

Weekday 4–8 years

Total 25.3 9.0 1.0 55.5 3.6 3.3 1.9 0.2


Males 29.8 2.0 2.0 57.0 3.2 3.4 2.6 0.0


Females 33.2 6.3 0.0 50.2 5.9 3.4 1.0 0.0


Total 31.4 4.0 1.1 53.8 4.5 3.4 1.8 0.0


Males 21.9 7.8 0.7 64.8 4.2 0.1 0.4 0.0


Females 26.7 9.0 2.2 52.9 5.6 1.4 2.2 0.0


Total 23.9 8.3 1.3 60.0 4.8 0.6 1.1 0.0




Weekend 2–3 years

Males 51.2 16.6 0.0 0.0 25.5 6.7 0.0 0.0

Weekend 2–3 years

Females 62.6 13.5 1.8 2.4 12.8 0.6 6.3 0.0

Weekend 2–3 years

Total 58.2 14.7 1.1 1.5 17.7 3.0 3.8 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Males 53.9 16.5 4.2 2.8 17.6 2.9 2.1 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Females 54.8 25.8 2.9 4.5 10.4 1.6 0.0 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Total 54.2 20.1 3.7 3.4 14.8 2.4 1.3 0.0


Males 52.1 18.3 2.1 1.9 18.7 6.9 0.0 0.0


Females 60.5 8.3 8.1 0.0 9.6 8.4 5.1 0.0


Total 56.1 13.5 5.0 1.0 14.3 7.6 2.4 0.0

Weekend 14–16 Males 57.9 20.4 3.1 0.0 17.3 1.3 0.0 0.0




Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

years


Females 59.0 16.4 0.8 0.0 14.0 6.0 3.9 0.0


Total 58.5 18.2 1.8 0.0 15.5 3.9 2.2 0.0


Weekend Total Females 58.8 15.7 4.2 1.5 11.2 5.0 3.5 0.0





Table 3.55 Proportion of sugar products and dishes consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group



e

Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified

Weekday 2–3 years

Males

84.8 5.6 1.8 7.3 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.0

Weekday 2–3 years

Females

83.5 4.2 1.7 8.8 0.4 1.4 0.0 0.0

Weekday 2–3 years

Total 84.2 5.0 1.8 7.9 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Males

74.4 3.3 0.0 20.8 0.4 1.1 0.0 0.0

Weekday 4–8 years

Females

68.5 6.0 1.1 20.6 1.7 1.7 0.1 0.3

Weekday 4–8 years

Total 71.5 4.6 0.5 20.7 1.0 1.4 0.1 0.2


Males

77.2 3.1 0.0 18.0 0.3 1.4 0.0 0.0


Females

67.9 2.6 1.6 26.4 0.7 0.1 0.8 0.0


Total 72.9 2.8 0.8 21.9 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.0


Males

80.7 1.6 2.0 14.5 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.0


Females

79.4 2.8 0.5 12.9 0.3 1.8 2.0 0.3


Total 80.1 2.1 1.3 13.8 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.1

Weekday Total Males

77.9 3.2 0.6 16.9 0.4 0.9 0.0 0.0


72.0 4.1 1.2 19.7 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.2


Weekday Total

Weekend 2–3 years

Males

84.4 8.9 2.2 0.4 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend 2–3 years

Females

91.0 3.7 2.3 2.8 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

Weekend 2–3 years

Total 88.0 6.1 2.3 1.7 1.9 0.1 0.0 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Males

87.7 7.3 2.6 0.6 1.6 0.0 0.2 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Females

73.0 16.1 1.7 1.5 6.5 1.2 0.0 0.0

Weekend 4–8 years

Total 81.0 11.4 2.2 1.0 3.8 0.5 0.1 0.0


Males

78.2 11.7 2.1 0.3 5.1 1.3 1.2 0.0




e

Place of purchase


During transport

Other Not specified


Females

78.9 13.3 2.2 0.0 3.9 1.0 0.7 0.1


Total 78.5 12.5 2.1 0.2 4.5 1.1 1.0 0.0


Males

86.2 5.5 1.8 0.0 2.1 4.1 0.0 0.3


Females

84.5 5.3 3.2 1.8 2.7 0.8 1.7 0.0


Total 85.3 5.4 2.5 1.0 2.4 2.3 0.9 0.2

Weekend Total Males

83.8 8.6 2.2 0.4 3.2 1.2 0.5 0.1


80.0 11.1 2.3 1.2 3.9 0.9 0.6 0.0





Table 3.56 Proportion of confectionery and cereal/nut/fruit/seed bars consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group


Home

Any other residence

Place of purchas

e


During transpor

t

Other Not specifie

dWeekday

2–3 years

Males 61.8 10.2 3.6 13.3 7.1 4.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

2–3 years

Females

59.1 10.0 3.7 11.0 7.0 8.7 0.0 0.4

Weekday

2–3 years

Total 60.5 10.1 3.7 12.2 7.1 6.4 0.0 0.2

Weekday

4–8 years

Males 46.1 6.7 2.1 39.8 3.9 1.4 0.0 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Females

38.5 8.9 4.6 37.6 4.9 5.3 0.3 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Total 42.3 7.8 3.3 38.7 4.4 3.3 0.2 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Males 34.9 3.4 3.1 45.9 8.5 3.5 0.7 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Females

37.3 4.7 3.3 41.6 4.3 7.8 0.9 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Total 36.0 4.0 3.2 43.9 6.6 5.5 0.8 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Males 34.2 2.0 1.3 49.1 6.8 4.9 1.7 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Females

34.0 2.2 1.5 51.3 4.1 4.5 2.5 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Total 34.1 2.1 1.4 50.3 5.4 4.7 2.1 0.0

Weekday

Total Males 41.5 5.0 2.5 41.1 6.4 3.0 0.5 0.0

Weekday

Total Females

39.3 6.3 3.5 38.9 4.7 6.3 0.9 0.0

Weekday

Total Total 40.4 5.6 3.0 40.0 5.6 4.6 0.7 0.0

Weekday

Total

Weekend

2–3 years

Males 64.5 14.9 2.3 3.1 10.1 5.1 0.0 0.0

Weekend

2–3 years

Females

62.1 17.8 2.3 4.9 8.2 2.9 1.7 0.0

Weekend

2–3 years

Total 63.3 16.4 2.3 4.0 9.1 4.0 0.9 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Males 52.7 14.0 7.8 2.4 14.7 4.0 4.4 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Females

58.1 15.1 9.2 2.1 12.0 3.4 0.0 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Total 55.2 14.5 8.5 2.3 13.5 3.7 2.4 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Males 54.1 15.3 2.9 0.1 22.0 5.3 0.3 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Females

63.4 10.5 6.1 0.2 9.1 8.8 2.0 0.0

Weeken 9–13 Total 58.8 12.9 4.5 0.2 15.5 7.0 1.2 0.0



Home

Any other residence

Place of purchas

e


During transpor

t

Other Not specifie

dd years

Weekend

14–16 years

Males 59.0 10.8 5.3 0.0 17.5 6.0 1.3 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Females

56.9 8.3 8.6 4.6 13.6 4.5 3.5 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Total 57.9 9.5 7.0 2.4 15.5 5.2 2.4 0.0

Weekend

Total Males 55.4 14.0 5.0 1.2 17.5 5.0 1.9 0.0

Weekend

Total Females

60.3 12.3 7.2 2.2 10.8 5.7 1.6 0.0

Weekend

Total Total 57.8 13.1 6.1 1.7 14.2 5.3 1.8 0.0




Table 3.57 Proportion of alcoholic beverages consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group


Home Any other

residence

Place of

purchase

Institution

Leisure activity

During transpo

rt

Other Not specifie

d

Weekday

2–3 years

Males 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

2–3 years

Females

100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

2–3 years

Total 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Males 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Females

100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Total 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Males . . . . . . . .

Weekday

9–13 years

Females

100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Total 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Males 70.4 0.0 0.0 7.0 22.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Females

40.7 26.9 0.0 27.3 0.0 0.0 5.2 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Total 57.2 12.0 0.0 16.1 12.5 0.0 2.3 0.0

Weekday

Total Males 85.3 0.0 0.0 3.5 11.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Total Females

79.7 9.2 0.0 9.3 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0

Weekday

Total Total 82.3 5.0 0.0 6.6 5.2 0.0 1.0 0.0

Weekend

2–3 years

Males 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

2–3 years

Females

100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

2–3 years

Total 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Males 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Females

. . . . . . . .

Weekend

4–8 years

Total 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Males 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Females

58.7 0.0 41.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Total 91.4 0.0 8.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Males 91.1 8.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Females

66.2 33.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Home Any other

residence

Place of

purchase

Institution

Leisure activity

During transpo

rt

Other Not specifie

d

Weekend

14–16 years

Total 74.8 25.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

Total Males 96.8 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

Total Females

70.1 25.6 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

Total Total 84.2 13.8 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0




Table 3.58 Proportion of special dietary foods consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group


Home Any other

residence

Place of

purchase

Institution

Leisure activity

During transpo

rt

Other Not specifie

d

Weekday

2–3 years

Males 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

2–3 years

Females

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

2–3 years

Total 73.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 26.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Males 60.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39.6 0.0 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Females

100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Total 88.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.5 0.0 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Males 59.4 0.0 0.0 35.6 0.0 5.1 0.0 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Females

100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Total 63.5 0.0 0.0 31.9 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Males 77.0 0.0 0.0 23.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Males 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Males 83.7 0.0 0.0 16.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Total Males 70.1 0.0 0.0 23.0 0.0 6.9 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Total Females

94.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Total Total 78.9 0.0 0.0 14.8 1.8 4.5 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Total

Weekend

2–3 years

Males 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

2–3 years

Females

. . . . . . . .

Weekend

2–3 years

Total 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Males 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Females

100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Total 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Males 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Females

. . . . . . . .



Home Any other

residence

Place of

purchase

Institution

Leisure activity

During transpo

rt

Other Not specifie

d

Weekend

9–13 years

Total 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Males 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Females

100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Total 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

Total Males 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

Total Females

100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

Total Total 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0




Table 3.59 Proportion of miscellaneous consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group


Home

Any other

residence

Place of

purchase

Institution

Leisure activity

During transpo

rt

Other Not specifie

d

Weekday

2–3 years

Males 70.2 5.6 0.2 20.8 1.6 1.6 0.0 0.0

Weekday

2–3 years

Females

73.9 3.4 0.3 19.9 0.6 1.9 0.0 0.0

Weekday

2–3 years

Total 71.9 4.5 0.3 20.4 1.1 1.8 0.0 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Males 52.0 3.4 1.6 41.6 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.2

Weekday

4–8 years

Females

61.1 3.6 0.0 33.9 0.3 1.1 0.0 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Total 56.9 3.5 0.7 37.5 0.6 0.7 0.0 0.1

Weekday

9–13 years

Males 61.5 5.1 1.6 29.2 2.1 0.5 0.1 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Females

66.4 0.1 0.3 31.5 1.3 0.4 0.0 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Total 64.0 2.5 0.9 30.4 1.7 0.4 0.0 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Males 78.1 1.0 1.0 19.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Females

68.8 2.2 0.3 26.4 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.6

Weekday

14–16 years

Total 73.4 1.6 0.7 22.7 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.3

Weekday

Total Males 62.9 3.8 1.3 30.2 1.3 0.5 0.0 0.1

Weekday

Total Females

65.9 2.3 0.2 29.8 0.8 0.9 0.0 0.1

Weekday

Total Total 64.4 3.0 0.7 30.0 1.0 0.7 0.0 0.1

Weekend

2–3 years

Males 85.0 8.2 0.0 4.3 1.5 0.0 1.0 0.0

Weekend

2–3 years

Females

81.9 10.6 2.0 3.7 0.4 1.5 0.0 0.0

Weekend

2–3 years

Total 83.5 9.4 1.0 4.0 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Males 80.9 9.9 1.5 0.6 4.3 0.0 2.8 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Females

81.8 8.6 0.7 4.1 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

4–8 years

Total 81.3 9.3 1.1 2.1 4.6 0.0 1.6 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Males 82.0 12.2 4.3 0.0 1.4 0.2 0.0 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Females

80.9 7.5 6.3 2.2 2.6 0.0 0.5 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Total 81.5 10.0 5.2 1.0 2.0 0.1 0.2 0.0



Home

Any other

residence

Place of

purchase

Institution

Leisure activity

During transpo

rt

Other Not specifie

d

Weekend

14–16 years

Males 82.6 8.8 1.7 0.0 3.8 0.6 2.6 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Females

86.0 7.8 2.9 0.0 3.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Total 84.2 8.3 2.2 0.0 3.5 0.4 1.4 0.0

Weekend

Total Males 82.2 10.0 2.1 0.8 2.9 0.2 1.7 0.0

Weekend

Total Females

82.6 8.4 3.2 2.4 3.0 0.3 0.1 0.0

Weekend

Total Total 82.4 9.3 2.6 1.5 3.0 0.2 1.0 0.0




Table 3.60 Proportion of infant formula consumed by place of consumption by day type, sex and age group


Home Any other

residence

Place of

purchase

Institution

Leisure activity

During transpo

rt

Other Not specifie

d

Weekday

2–3 years

Males 87.0 4.3 0.0 4.4 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Females

87.5 0.0 0.0 11.2 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Total 87.2 2.3 0.0 7.7 2.2 0.6 0.0 0.0

Weekday

4–8 years

Males 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Females

100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Total 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

9–13 years

Males 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Females

100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Total 69.6 0.0 0.0 30.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

14–16 years

Males 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Females

100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Total 39.9 0.0 0.0 60.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Total Males 81.7 3.4 0.0 11.5 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Females

89.6 0.0 0.0 9.3 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0

Weekday

Total 85.4 1.8 0.0 10.5 1.8 0.5 0.0 0.0

Weekend

2–3 years

Males 83.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.3 0.0 0.0 4.5

Weekend

Females

68.0 26.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.4

Weekend

Total 75.8 12.8 0.0 0.0 6.4 0.0 0.0 4.9

Weekend

4–8 years

Males 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

Females

. . . . . . . .

Weekend

Total 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

9–13 years

Males . . . . . . . .

Weekend

Females

0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

Total 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Weekend

14–16 years

Males . . . . . . . .

Weekend

Females

. . . . . . . .

Weekend

Total . . . . . . . .

Weekend

Total Males 89.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.5 0.0 0.0 2.8



Home Any other

residence

Place of

purchase

Institution

Leisure activity

During transpo

rt

Other Not specifie

d

Weekend

Females

60.8 34.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8

Weekend

Total 78.5 13.3 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 3.6



ABBREVIATIONS

EXPLANATORY NOTES

Introduction

The 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (ANCNPAS) was commissioned by the Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing, the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, and the Australian Food and Grocery Council.

The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the University of South Australia conducted the survey with I-view Pty Ltd undertaking the survey fieldwork. The project team acknowledges the contribution of Flinders University towards analysis of the dietary data.

The survey measured dietary intakes of food and beverages, use of supplements during the previous 24 hours, selected food habits, heights, weights and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, time spent in physical activity and sedentary activity (screen time), number of daily steps taken and demographic characteristics. These data were gathered on children aged 2–16 years (n = 4487) between 22 February 2007 and 30 August 2007. Ethics approval was obtained from the National Health and Medical Research Council registered Ethics Committees of CSIRO and University of South Australia.

The data were collected at a face-to-face home visit by computer assisted personal interview (CAPI) and a subsequent computer assisted telephone interview (CATI) conducted 7–21 days after the CAPI.

Food, beverage and supplement intakes were collected for all participants using a standardised, computer-based, three-pass 24-hour recall methodology during the CAPI and the CATI. In collaboration with Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ), the food and beverage intake data were translated to daily nutrient intake data using the most recent Australian nutrient composition database. Food habit questions were asked of each child and/or parent during the CAPI in relation to usual consumption of fruits, vegetables, type of milk, use of salt and earlier infant feeding practices.

Physical activity was measured in two ways. Time use was measured in children aged 9–16 years using a validated computerised 24-hour recall during the CAPI and the CATI. Children recalled a total of four days. Pedometers were also used to measure the average number of steps taken daily over six days by children aged 5–16 years.

Weight, height and waist circumference were measured for all participants during the CAPI.


ABBREVIATIONS

Scope and coverage

The survey was conducted using a quota sampling scheme. The primary sampling units were postcodes (stratified by state/territory and capital city/rest of state, giving 13 regions in total). The number of postcodes selected in each region was proportional to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) population estimates for 2–16 year olds in each region.

There were 576 postcodes excluded from selection. Areas identified in the 2001 ABS Census as having very few eligible children and very remote areas were excluded from the survey sampling frame due to budgetary and time restrictions. Additionally this survey was not designed to obtain information from a sufficient number of Indigenous children to accurately estimate their intake and activity patterns. Using the 2001 ABS population data, postcodes covering areas where more than 50% of the population identified as Indigenous were excluded.

Remaining postcodes had an equal chance of initial selection within each region. The initial national selection of 50 postcode values was expanded to include postcodes in close geographical proximity, thus expanding the number of postcodes to a total of 230. This clustered sampling minimised travel time and costs for interviewers undertaking the face-to-face interviews.

Households (private dwellings) from selected postcodes were then recruited to the survey using random digit dialling (RDD). The telephone number prefix acted as a ‘geographic indicator’ that corresponded to postcode. Households with children aged 2–16 years were identified and asked if they would participate. One eligible child within the household was selected as the ‘study child’ for the purposes of the survey. In some cases recruitment of the study child did not proceed because the age and sex quota for that location was filled.

Using RDD resulted in more postcodes in the final sample than were sampled for recruitment because telephone number prefixes do not exactly follow postcode boundaries and some numbers may located be in adjacent suburbs, or some people may have taken advantage of telephone number portability (where they take an existing phone number with them when they move).

Interviewing was conducted on school and non-school days. The proportion of interviews conducted on weekdays, weekends, public holidays and school holidays was selected to reflect the proportions of these days across the fieldwork period.

Coverage rules were designed to ensure that, as far as possible, eligible persons had only one chance of being selected for interview. The child was deemed to be a resident of the household if they usually stayed at the selected household on average for four or more days per week in the case of shared care. Households with more than one fixed line telephone may have had a greater chance of selection; however, this was identified at the screening interview.

Telephone number prefixes cannot be relied upon to indicate geographic location, as an increasing number of people elected to take advantage of phone number portability. For this reason, access to a full listing of numbers with an effective geographic tag, such as an address, postcode or Census Collector District, was limited.

RDD allows for the inclusion of silent, unlisted and recently listed numbers in the sample which would not occur with a sample drawn from listed numbers (i.e. telephone white pages).

There are two situations where RDD cannot reach eligible households in a postcode:


ABBREVIATIONS

households where there is no fixed phone line, and households where the telephone prefix has been ported in from another area

and is not a prefix allocated to the postcode they now reside in, or the survey sampling database.

Survey design

Sample design The survey sample was randomly selected firstly by postcode (stratified by state/territory and capital city/rest of state), and secondly by households within selected postcodes using RDD of telephone numbers.

Households were contacted and those with children aged 2–16 years (eligible) were identified and asked to participate in the survey. One child within the household was selected as the “study child” for the purpose of the survey.

There was an agreed quota of 1000 children (50% boys and 50% girls) for the following age groups: 2–3 years, 4–8 years, 9–13 years and 14–16 years. The base national sample in South Australia was supplemented by 400 to allow more detailed estimates for that state. A total of 4487 children completed the entire survey. The sampling, selection and recruitment methodology are comprehensively reported in the User Guide (CSIRO et al. 2010) and should be considered when interpreting data.

Survey ResponseOf the 16,598 eligible households that were contacted 10,109 agreed to participate in the study, which equalled a response rate of 61%. Of these 10,109 households, 3320 were subsequently not required to participate as the quota for children in their age group had already been filled. Therefore 6789 households were recruited. After initial recruitment, 1546 of the households were not interviewed as the relevant age quota had been met in their postcode cluster. Once recruited, 5.4% of the households withdrew, with the majority stating that they had insufficient time to commit to the survey or had lost interest in completing the survey. A further 2.1% of the sample did not complete all parts of the survey - 4837 completed the CAPI and 4695 participants completed the CATI. The final response rate for completed CAPI and CATI was 40% when calculated as a proportion of eligible households.

Complete data setsA complete data set was defined as a participant who provided data for all aspects of the survey relevant for their age group (demography, dietary recall use of time). There were 4487 complete data sets included in the final database and analysed in this report. Pedometer data are reported from a subset of eligible participants.

Sample weightsSince stratified sampling with non-proportional samples was used, a weight was applied to each participant’s record. The weight for each participant was proportional to the number of “similar” children in the Australian population, where “similar” is defined according to factors thought likely to influence nutrition and physical activity (age, sex and state of residence).

Data from the ABS 2006 Census on Postal Area and State by Capital/Rest-of-State for age and sex groups were used to estimate the number of “similar” children in the population. Data from the survey were used to estimate the sample numbers and hence the weights for each individual child. These weights enable the survey data to


ABBREVIATIONS

provide estimates for the whole population of Australian households with children in scope.

Methodology

The stratified quota approach was adopted to provide at least 500 boys and 500 girls from across Australia in each of the age and sex groups covered by the Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs) to allow sufficient numbers to make statistical comparisons of intakes with recommendations. The South Australian Department of Health contributed towards a booster sample (n = 400) for South Australian children.

The data were collected at a face-to-face home visit (CAPI) and a subsequent telephone interview (CATI) conducted 7–21 days after the CAPI. Intakes and activity can vary markedly over different types of days e.g. week days versus week-end days and school versus non-school days. In order to capture intakes and activity patterns that would represent all types of days, the CAPI and the CATI were collected on different day types when feasible. Attempts were made to collect information on school and non-school days (including holidays) in proportion to the number of such days that occurred over the sampling period.

Food and nutrientsFood, beverage and supplement intakes were collected for all participants using a standardised, computer-based, three-pass 24-hour recall methodology during the CAPI and the CATI. Dietary recall software from the Life in New Zealand survey (LINZ24©) was modified for the 2007 ANCNPAS to reflect the Australian food supply. Details of the modifications are included in the User Guide (CSIRO et al. 2010).

All interviewers received training in conducting the 24-hour recall. To assist with estimating the amounts of food and beverages consumed, standard measuring cups and spoons were provided, along with a Food Model Booklet that had life-size diagrams and drawings depicting different serving sizes of foods and different sized food containers to assist participants and interviewers during dietary recalls. The Food model booklet was then left with participants at the CAPI to assist in quantifying food consumed when the CAPI was conducted. Dietitians checked all of the 24-hour recalls for their content and whether or not there appeared to be a reasonable consumption pattern. Any unusual intakes were queried and modified if appropriate.

In collaboration with FSANZ, a food coding system was developed to reflect the current food supply and to maintain comparability with the food groups used in the 1995 National Nutrition Survey (ABS 1998). Additional food groups were added for infant foods and formulae and dietary supplements. In addition, food, beverage and supplement intake data were translated to daily nutrient intake data using the most recent Australian nutrient composition database. The User Guide provides more detailed information on this process (CSIRO et al. 2010).

Nutrient intake data estimated in the 2007 ANCNPAS include: energy, protein, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, long chain omega-3 fatty acids, cholesterol, total carbohydrates, starch, sugars, dietary fibre, alcohol, total vitamin A, pre-formed and provitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, total niacin equivalents, preformed niacin, vitamin C, D, E, total folate, dietary folate equivalents, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine and caffeine.

Time and place of consumption of foods and drinks were also recorded.


ABBREVIATIONS

Physical activityPhysical Activity RecallParticipants aged 9–16 years used the Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adolescents (MARCA) (Ridley et al. 2006) to self-report ‘use of time’. The MARCA is a computerised 24-hour recall which asks participants to recall everything they did on the previous day. The MARCA shows moderate to good validity when compared to accelerometry (Ridley et al. 2006). It uses a segmented-day format, with meal times and/or school bells as anchor points. Within each time-segment, time-sliders indicate the start and completion times for activities in time slices which can be as fine as five minutes. Users choose from about 250 activities listed in a compendium under seven categories (Inactivity, Transport, Sport and Play, School, Self-Care, Chores and Miscellaneous). If the activity required is not available in the activity compendium, the participant can enter the activity as “other” and enter a text description.

Each child recalled a total of four days; two days prior to the CAPI and two days prior to the CATI. During both the CAPI and CATI, the child recalled the two days in either order.

PedometryPedometers were used to collect objective physical activity data for most participants aged 5–16 years. The pedometer used in this survey was the New Lifestyles-1000, which provides the number of steps a day, the distance covered and the number of minutes spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) i.e. activity greater than three metabolic equivalents (METs).

The pedometer was worn for seven consecutive days by attaching to a belt or waistband in a position corresponding to mid-thigh on the right side of the body. A security strap and clip was used to secure the pedometer in place and to prevent loss of the pedometer if it slipped from its position.

At the CAPI, the participant or a parent was instructed on how to retrieve data from the pedometer and how to complete the log sheet. The participant was asked to wear the pedometer from when he or she got out of bed in the morning until going to bed at night. Those occasions when the pedometer was removed (e.g. showering, swimming or playing contact sports) were recorded on the log sheet along with the estimated duration of removal. The pedometer and log sheet were posted back to the survey team using a reply paid envelope.

Estimating stride lengthStride length was estimated during the CAPI using the ten steps method. A linear distance of approximately ten metres was marked out with a metal tape. The participant was asked to line up the toes of both feet with the zero on the tape, walk normally for ten steps and stop by bringing both feet together. Two trials were conducted after an initial familiarisation trial. The average distance covered in centimetres was divided by ten to provide stride length. This distance was programmed into the pedometer so that the daily distance covered was individualised. The default setting in the pedometer of 76 cm is based on adult data and was inappropriate for this survey.

Physical measurementsHeight, weight and waist girth were measured on children aged 2–16 years, according to the protocols of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (Marfell-Jones et al. 2006).


ABBREVIATIONS

Choice of measurement instruments was influenced by the need for interviewers to collect data in participants’ homes and therefore conveniently transport equipment.

A minimum of two measurements were taken for each anthropometric variable. A third measure was taken where the second measure was not within 5 mm for height, 0.1 kg for weight, and 10 mm for waist girth. The mean value was used as the final score if two measurements were taken. The median value was used as the final measure if three measurements were taken (see User Guide for further details, CSIRO et al. 2010).

Body Mass Index (BMI) BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Age- (at date of CAPI, rounded to nearest half year) and sex-specific BMI cut offs for normal weight, overweight and obese among children and adolescents were applied to the data (using Table 4 of Cole et al. 2000). For underweight, Grade 3 thinness (corresponding to an adult BMI of 18.5 kg/m2) was used as a cut off (Cole et al. 2007).

Demographic dataDemographic data items relating to each participant and their household were collected at the CAPI. Responses were provided by the parent or care giver of the participant (see User Guide for detailed information, CSIRO et al. 2010).

Survey methodology issues

Sampling methodologyThere are limitations to the use of postcodes as the primary sampling unit as postcodes can cover a wide geographic area (one postcode can include urban, rural and remote areas). However, postcodes do offer a degree of clustering to enable cost-effective face-to-face interviews to be conducted and allow a reasonable geographic distribution of the sample across Australia.

A potential sample design effect is the loss in statistical precision resulting from a clustered sample that does not fully cover the diversity of specific response variables evident in the entire population. The extent of loss in statistical precision largely depends on whether, and how much, the specific response variables have underlying geographic variations.

The potential design effect on the precision of estimates derived from a clustered sample is essentially related to the heterogeneity of the stratum (metropolitan or rural) population for their state. If the members of a cluster (of postcodes) are effectively no more like each other than they are to others within their state (rural or metropolitan area) population, then the intra-cluster correlation is zero and there is no design effect. However, where regional clusters result in cluster members being more like each other and less like other members of their regional population, then even where the intra-cluster correlation is quite small, there will be a design effect, the size of which is then dependent upon the size of the cluster.

Recruitment methodologyThe RDD method is a time and cost effective approach to recruitment and has been previously used to generate survey samples for population health studies. However, when this method is combined with a quota system three important methodological issues should be considered.


ABBREVIATIONS

Firstly, RDD with a quota affects the probability of selection of children. One child per eligible household was randomly selected to take part in this survey. It is desirable to have each child in the total sample frame have an equal chance of selection in the sample drawn. However, with RDD and household sampling, children who are the only child or who have fewer siblings aged 2–16 years have more chance of selection than children living with a larger number of siblings aged 2–16 years. Furthermore, application of the predetermined age quotas (1000 for each age group, i.e. 2–3 years, 4–8 years, 9–13 years and 14–16 years) were disproportionate to the population across each of these age groups. Consequently children aged 2–3 years and 14–16 years had a higher chance of selection, compared to those aged 4–8 years or 9–13 years.

Secondly, it was not possible to gather demographic information on those who refused to participate and those who were excluded because of the quota system. This information is needed to estimate any potential non-response bias. It is not possible to allow for non-response bias in this survey.

Thirdly, to obtain a representative sample of the population, the RDD method relies on accessing current telephone number information and should have as complete coverage as possible. It is estimated that at least 95% of Australian households have a land line (ABS 2003), with some households choosing to replace a land line connection with a mobile phone (ACMA 2008). Portability of telephone numbers as people move across geographic locations can result in recruitment outside the selected postcodes. An advantage of RDD is that silent, unlisted and recently listed numbers can be included by chance.

Cluster Sample SizeThe target sample size was achieved for each region. There was no set quota by cluster of postcodes. Some clusters were skewed with either more postcodes or postcodes with higher populations of children 2–16 years. There were some postcodes where no children were selected as all numbers were exhausted with no recruitment (high industrial/commercial areas), and there were other postcodes included that were not part of the initial selection (“phone number transportability”) but the family was still recruited.

SeasonalityData were collected between February and August 2007, resulting in limited information on different intake with changing seasons. The survey collection period should be considered when interpreting the results.

Dietary recallThe 24-hour recall methodology relies on the participant’s ability to recall the details of all food, beverages and supplements consumed over a 24-hour period. This method is associated with mis-reporting of foods and beverages consumed, along with inaccuracies in portion size estimation and level of detail to describe the items. Interviewers were trained in various techniques to minimise this source of error, but it remains unavoidable. Despite detailed scrutinizing of the nutrient data by trained staff there may still be some unusual intakes of individual foods.

In recognition of the varying age groups of the participants, the interviews were conducted with the primary care-giver for all children below the age of nine years and with the study child for children aged nine years and over. Primary care-givers were encouraged to be present for all interviews.


ABBREVIATIONS

One 24-hour recall is considered appropriate to estimate the mean and median for the usual intake of a group. It is not suitable for assessing the usual intake of individuals because of the considerable day-to-day variability in food, beverage and supplement intake within individuals. For this reason, the present survey obtained a second 24-hour recall of intake by CATI for all participants, with 99% of these completed on a non-consecutive day. Provided there are no systematic differences between the CAPI and CATI data, the two days of intake data for each individual can be used to estimate the distribution of usual intake for the population.

Physical activity recallThe 24-hour recall methodology imposes the discipline of fitting all activities into a 24-hour time-frame, and exploits innate chronological narrative data storage and retrieval methods. However, all recalls are subject to the limitations of memory, social desirability effects, and inaccurate estimation of time - all of which vary with age, sex and individual characteristics. Children aged less than nine years are not able to accurately recall what they did the day before and place events into a temporal frame. Therefore, the MARCA was administered only to children aged nine years and over.

PedometryThe data are based on ‘complete’ days, defined by at least 1000 steps and the pedometer was removed for no more than 240 minutes. Assuming that the sleep duration for most respondents in this survey is between eight and ten hours, allowing four hours of pedometer removal still gives at least ten to twelve hours in which data were collected. This aligns with recent accelerometer studies that include measurement days on which at least ten hours of data are recorded.

Several studies discard days on which the pedometer was removed for more than 60 minutes. This is an issue, as disregarding days when subjects participated in long periods of swimming or contact sports will lead to spurious estimates of daily physical activity. In the survey, seasonal differences in activity choices will impact on the measurement periods, with aquatic activities more likely in the summer. The vast majority of reasons for pedometer removal during the waking hours, as recorded on the log sheets, related to unavoidable circumstances such as exposure to water and engagement in contact sports. Relatively few were due to forgetting or refusing to wear the pedometer.

As pedometers are most sensitive to activities involving running and walking, and are removed for aquatic activities and contact sports, caution is advised when using pedometer data to assess compliance with physical activity guidelines. It is recommended that engagement in ‘sufficient’ physical activity also be assessed using criterion-referenced step counts (currently 11,000–12,000 and 13,000–15,000 per day, for girls and boys respectively). Having these cut off points, established in accordance with weight categories (normal vs. overweight/obese), avoids the issue associated with inferring ‘daily’ MVPA from pedometer data.

It should also be noted that Day Type (weekday versus weekend), in the pedometer data tables, should not be interpreted as ‘school day’ and ‘weekend’. The weekdays in these tables include school holidays, long weekends and pupil-free school days.

Physical MeasuresThe methodology of performing physical measurements on participants was designed to minimise errors and be consistent. Normally, measurements should not be taken after training or competition, sauna, swimming or showering, since exercise, warm water and heat can produce dehydration and/or increased blood flow. Those


ABBREVIATIONS

circumstances have the potential to affect body mass and girth measurements. To counter this potential issue, physical measurements were taken part way through the interview, when the participant had been sitting for at least 30 minutes.

Measurement of weight was taken with light clothing on, possibly slightly inflating the weight and BMI results. Waist girth was occasionally taken over light clothing, when requested by the subject, and this could also increase the waist girth results. The difference associated with wearing light clothing would be small in each of these measurements.

Comparison with previous dietary surveys

Dietary information recorded in this survey may differ from data obtained using a different method to assess food and nutrient intake (such as a food record or a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire), a different food composition database, or if different age groups were assessed.

The methodology used in this survey is broadly comparable to that used in the 1995 National Nutrition Survey (NNS). Differences between the two surveys include the:

sampling frame, age groups used for reporting. The 1995 NNS reported intakes for 2–3 years,

4–7 years, 8–11 years, 12–15 years and 16–18 years, use of repeat 24-hour recalls on all survey participants whereas the 1995 NNS

collected repeat 24-hour recalls on only 10% of the sample and adjusted for within person variation based on this sub-sample,

use of CATI for repeat 24-hour recalls, whereas the 1995 NNS repeat 24-hour recall took place in the form of a personal interview,

food/nutrient composition database – this survey utilised the AUSNUT 2007 database and the 1995 NNS utilised the AUSNUT 1995 database. Both of these food composition databases reflect the composition of foods at the time the survey was completed, and

the number of major food groups used to report food intake, which was increased to include categories for dairy substitutes and supplements. Some additional sub-groups have also been created to better reflect the current food supply.

Comparison with dietary recommendations

The Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand (NHMRC 2006) provides NRVs for a range of macro- and micronutrients, including the estimated average requirement (EAR), recommended dietary intake (RDI) and/or adequate intake; generally for 2–3 years, 4–8 years, 9–13 years and 14–16 years. For those aged fourteen years and above, the acceptable macronutrient distribution range and suggested dietary targets are set for certain nutrients that may help in prevention of chronic disease.

The Core Food Groups (NHMRC 1994) recommends quantities of cereals, fruits, vegetables, meat and meat alternatives, and dairy products which were designed to meet 70% of the RDIs for all nutrients except energy (NHMRC 1991). The Core Food Group recommendations were under review at the time of this publication.


ABBREVIATIONS

The Dietary Guidelines for Children and Adolescents in Australia (NHMRC 2003) provides general recommendations for dietary intake without specifying the amounts recommended for consumption. These dietary guidelines were also being reviewed by the National Health and Medical Research Council at the time of this publication.

The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating provides consumers with recommendations about the daily amounts and kinds of food that should be eaten for good health and well-being. The Guide aims to encourage the consumption of a variety of foods from each of five food groups every day in proportions that are consistent with the suite of Australian dietary guidelines. The Guide also provides information on the number of serves required from the five food groups and offers practical examples.

Comparison with physical activity recommendations

The National Physical Activity Guidelines, issued by the Department of Health and Ageing in 2005, recommends levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children aged 5–18 years. These guidelines recommend that children get at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and accumulate no more than 120 minutes of screen time (television, videogames and computer) each day, especially during daylight hours.

The definition of “compliance” with the guidelines is unclear (Olds et al. 2007). Compliance can be defined as:

the child satisfies the guidelines on all days of the survey period (the “all days” method),

the child satisfies the guidelines on most days of the survey period (the “most days” method),

the child satisfies the guidelines when MVPA and screen time are averaged across the survey period (the “average” method), and

the level of compliance can be understood as the probability that a randomly chosen child on a randomly chosen day will satisfy the guidelines (the “child x day” method).


ABBREVIATIONS

ABBREVIATIONSABS Australian Bureau of Statistics

AGHE Australian Guide to Healthy Eating

ANCNPAS Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey

BMI Body Mass Index

CAPI Computer Assisted Personal Interview

CATI Computer Assisted Telephone Interview

cm centimetre(s)

CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

DoHA Department of Health and Ageing

EAR Estimated Average Requirement

FSANZ Food Standards Australia New Zealand

kg kilogram(s)

LINZ24© Life In New Zealand 24-hour diet recall software

MARCA Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adolescents

METs Metabolic Equivalents

ml millilitre(s)

mm millimetre(s)

MVPA Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity

NNS National Nutrition Survey

NRV Nutrient Reference Values

PA Physical Activity

RDD Random Digit Dialling

RDI Recommended Dietary Intake

SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences


APPENDIX 1 FOOD GROUPS

APPENDIX 1 FOOD GROUPSMajor food group Sub major food Group Example / also includesNon-alcoholic Beverages Tea regular (caffeinated/decaffeinated), herbalNon-alcoholic Beverages Coffee And Coffee

Substitutescoffee made from instant powder and ground beans, made with water and or milk.

Non-alcoholic Beverages Fruit And Vegetable Juices, And Drinks

fruit juices, concentrates, vegetable juices (including fortified varieties), fruit drinks

Non-alcoholic Beverages Cordials cordial concentrate only and diluted cordial drinksNon-alcoholic Beverages Soft Drinks, And Flavoured

Mineral Waterscola and non-cola (regular/artificially sweetened), flavoured mineral waters (regular/ artificially sweetened),

Non-alcoholic Beverages Electrolyte, Energy And Fortified Drinks

ready to drink, powders

Non-alcoholic Beverages Mineral Waters And Water mineral/soda water, domestic tap water, packaged waterNon-alcoholic Beverages Other Beverage Flavourings

And Prepared Beverageschocolate, malt and other flavoured beverage bases, both powder form only and drinks made with milk and or water, and probiotic drinks

Cereals & Cereal Products Flours And Other Cereal Grains And Starches

oats, barley, couscous, rice, millet, quinoa, semolina, wheat germ, polenta, and flours

Cereals & Cereal Products Regular Breads, And Bread Rolls (Plain/ Unfilled/ Untopped Varieties)

White, mixed grain, wholemeal, rye, fibre increased (including fortified varieties)

Cereals & Cereal Products English-Style Muffins, Flat Breads, And Savoury And Sweet Breads

filled or topped savoury and sweet breads and rolls (e.g. cheese and bacon topped roll, fruit scroll with and without icing, custard or cream filling), corn bread, taco and tortilla

Cereals & Cereal Products Pasta And Pasta Products plain pasta and noodles, egg pasta and filled pasta, instant noodles with or without flavour sachet

Cereals & Cereal Products Breakfast Cereals And Bars, Unfortified And Fortified Varieties

corn-, oat-, rice-, wheat-based (fortified/unfortified), mixed grain, breakfast bars

Cereals & Cereal Products Breakfast Cereal, Hot Porridge Type

oats, rice, semolina (made with milk &/or water)

Cereal-based Products & Dishes

Sweet Biscuits plain or flavoured, with/without nuts, fruit-filled, cream-filled, chocolate coated


Savoury Biscuits plain (low fat/high fat), flavoured, rice/corn crackers/cakes


Cakes, Buns, Muffins, Scones, Cake-Type Desserts

all cakes/cake mixes, fruit cakes, pudding, trifle, biscuit- and cake type slices, honey joy and chocolate crackles, cake type muffins and mixes


Pastries croissant and pastries with and without sweet and savoury filling (e.g. Danish style pastries, éclair, fruit filled pies), unfilled pastry, custard and jam tarts, quiche, dim sim, meat and other varieties of savoury pies, sausage rolls, pasties, spring rolls


Mixed Dishes Where Cereal Is The Major Ingredient

pizza, sandwiches and filled rolls and wraps, hamburgers, filled tacos and tortilla, savoury pasta/noodles dishes (e.g. cannelloni, lasagne, pasta salad, pasta with various sauces), savoury rice dishes (e.g. fried rice, risotto, sushi and rice salad)


Batter-Based Products pancakes, waffles, doughnuts and crumpets

Fats & Oils Butters regular, reduced fat, salted, salt modifiedFats & Oils Dairy Blends regular, reduced fat, fortifiedFats & Oils Margarine And Table

Spreadspolyunsaturated, monounsaturated, cooking margarine (regular, reduced fat, fortified, salted, or salt modified)

Fats & Oils Vegetable/Nut Oil polyunsaturated (grapeseed, linseed, sesame, sunflower, soybean), monounsaturated (canola, macadamia, olive, peanut)

Fats & Oils Other Fats lard, copha, palm oil, cod liver oilFats & Oils Unspecified FatsFish & Seafood Products & Dishes

Fin Fish (Excluding Commercially Sterile)

fresh and frozen fish, with and without flour coating, smoked fish

Fish & Seafood Products & Dishes

Crustacea And Molluscs (Excluding Commercially Sterile)

crab, prawn, lobster, oyster mussels, scallop, squid


Other Sea And Freshwater Foods

eel and roe

Fish & Seafood Products & Packed (Commercially tuna and salmon packed in brine, water and oil



Major food group Sub major food Group Example / also includesDishes Sterile) Fish And SeafoodFish & Seafood Products & Dishes

Fish And Seafood Products (Homemade And Takeaway)

crumbed and battered fish, crustacea and molluscs, fish cakes, fish fingers and marinara mix



fish and seafood curry, stew or similar, fish patty and fish pasta bake

Fruit Products & Dishes Pome Fruit apples, pears,Fruit Products & Dishes Berry Fruit strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, mulberry, boysenberry,

and blueberryFruit Products & Dishes Citrus Fruit orange, lemon, grapefruit, mandarinFruit Products & Dishes Stone Fruit peaches, apricot, plum, nectarine, plum, prune and cherryFruit Products & Dishes Tropical Fruit banana, pineapple, guava, mango, pawpaw and passionfruitFruit Products & Dishes Other Fruit grape, kiwifruit, rhubarb, fig and melons,Fruit Products & Dishes Mixtures Of Two Or More

Groups Of FruitFruit Products & Dishes Dried Fruit, Preserved FruitFruit Products & Dishes Mixed Dishes Where Fruit Is

The Major Componentfruit crumble, toffee apple

Egg Products & Dishes Eggs chicken eggs (whole, whites, yolk – raw, hard boiled, poached, baked)

Egg Products & Dishes Dishes Where Egg Is The Major Ingredient

scrambled eggs, omelette and soufflé

Egg Products & Dishes Egg Substitutes And DishesMeat, Poultry & Game Products & Dishes

Muscle Meat beef, lamb, pork and veal (various cuts and cooking methods)

Meat, Poultry & Game Products & Dishes

Game And Other Carcase Meats

venison and kangaroo (various cuts and cooking methods)


Poultry And Feathered Game

chicken, duck, turkey and quail (various cuts and cooking methods)


Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes

liver, kidney, beef tail, brain, pate, black pudding (various meat types and cooking methods)


Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys

(various meat types and cooking methods)


Processed Meat bacon, ham, processed delicatessen meats (e.g. salami, mortadella, kabana, luncheon meat) meat pastes and canned meat


Mixed Dishes Where Beef, Veal Or Lamb Is The Major Component

kebab, bolognaise sauce, curry, stew or casserole, stir fry and meatballs, with and without cereal products (e.g. noodles, pasta), hamburger patty or rissole, crumbed meats, meatloaf and sausage dishes.



kebab, stew or casserole, stir fry, crumbed meat and sausage dishes



kebab, marinated cuts, curry, stew or casseroles, stir fry, patty or meatball, dishes with or without cereal products (e.g. noodles), crumbed or battered cuts, meatloaf and patties, nuggets,

Milk Products & Dishes Dairy Milk (cow, sheep and goat)

fluid milk, evaporated and condensed milk and milk powder (full fat and fat modified)

Milk Products & Dishes Yoghurt yoghurt dips, plain and flavoured yoghurts (including added cereal) (full fat and fat modified)

Milk Products & Dishes Cream thickened cream, cream based dips, artificial cream, sour cream (full fat and fat modified)

Milk Products & Dishes Cheese traditional cheese, cottage cheese, processed cheese, gourmet cheese (full fat and fat modified)

Milk Products & Dishes Frozen Milk Products tub ice cream, soft serve, individual ice creams and frozen yoghurt (full fat and fat modified)

Milk Products & Dishes Custards full fat and fat modifiedMilk Products & Dishes Other Dishes Where Milk Or

A Milk Product Is The Major Component

dairy or yoghurt desserts, mousse, rice pudding and cheesecake

Milk Products & Dishes Flavoured Milks milkshakes, thick shake, coffee/chocolate/fruit flavoured milk drinks, chocolate or fruit smoothies (full fat and fat modified)

Dairy Substitutes Dairy Milk Substitutes, Unflavoured

soy, rice and oat

Dairy Substitutes Dairy Milk Substitutes, Flavoured

soy based fruit drinks

Dairy Substitutes Cheese Substitute soy-based cheese



Major food group Sub major food Group Example / also includesDairy Substitutes Soy-Based Yoghurts plain and flavouredSoup Soup (Prepared, Ready to

Eat)meat, vegetable or seafood based, homemade, canned or instant dry mix, with and without noodles, made with water and or milk

Soup Dry Soup MixSoup Canned Condensed Soup

(Unprepared)Seed & Nut Products & Dishes

Seeds And Seed Products linseed, flaxseed, poppy, pumpkin, sesame, sunflower, tahini

Seed & Nut Products & Dishes

Nuts And Nut Products peanuts, peanut butter, coconut, other nuts (e.g. almond, cashew, brazil)

Savoury Sauces & Condiments

Gravies And Savoury Sauces

barbeque, cheese, cream-bases, Asian style, marinades, tomato sauce, white sauce, pasta and simmer sauces (oil, cream, cheese or tomato based)


Pickles, Chutneys And Relishes

fruit-, vegetable-based


Salad Dressings mayonnaise and cream based, oil and vinegar based


Stuffings bread-based

Vegetable Products & Dishes

Potatoes potato products (chips, wedges, hash browns, potato gems), potato dishes ( e.g. scalloped, baked, mashed)


Cabbage, Cauliflower And Similar Brassica Vegetables

broccoli, brussels sprouts, bok choy


Carrot And Similar Root Vegetables

beetroot, parsnip, swede, radish, sweet potato, taro and turnip


Leaf And Stalk Vegetables asparagus, celery, lettuce, silver beet, spinach, sprouts


Peas And Beans


Tomato And Tomato Products

tomato paste and puree


Other Fruiting Vegetables pumpkin, zucchini, squash, avocado, capsicum, chilli, cucumber, eggplant


Other Vegetables And Vegetable Combinations

mushroom, sweet corn, onion, leek


Dishes Where Vegetable Is The Major Component

vegetables with cheese or tomato based sauce, potato gnocchi, curried vegetables, vegetable based dips, salad with and without dressings, vegetable stir fry

Legume & Pulse Products & Dishes

Mature Legumes And Pulses

black, cannelloni, lima, soya, red kidney, chickpea, lentil, split pea (dried, soaked, cooked)

Legume & Pulse Products & Dishes

Mature Legume And Pulse Products And Dishes

pappadam, miso, hommous, bean salad, baked beans, lentil curry, tofu, falafel, meat substitutes

Snack Foods Potato Snacks potato crispsSnack Foods Corn Snacks corn chips, popcornSnack Foods Extruded Or Reformed

Snackscheese flavoured snacks, pretzels

Snack Foods Other Snacks packaged biscuit and cheese dip, soy chips, prawn crackerSugar Products & Dishes Sugar, Honey And Syrups topping and sweet saucesSugar Products & Dishes Jam And Lemon Spreads,

Chocolate Spreads, SaucesSugar Products & Dishes Dishes And Products Other

Than Confectionery Where Sugar Is The Major Component

jelly, meringue, pavlova, gelato, iced confection, icing without added fat

Confectionery & Cereal/nut/fruit/ Seed Bars

Chocolate And Chocolate-Based Confectionery

chocolate (and carob and yoghurt) coated -nuts, nougat, fudge, wafer and biscuit, liquorice, seed bars


Cereal-, Fruit-, Nut- And Seed-Bars

muesli bars with and without chocolate chips or coating, or fruit paste filling, dried fruit balls, bars and leather, nougat, muffin style bar


Other Confectionery lollies, fudges, liquorice, marshmallow, toffee, chewing gum

Alcoholic Beverages Beers regular, light, extra lightAlcoholic Beverages Wines red, white, fortifiedAlcoholic Beverages Spirits brandy, rum, whiskey, vodkaAlcoholic Beverages Other Alcoholic Beverages liqueurs, cocktails, saki rice wineAlcoholic Beverages Pre-mixed drinks cola-based, milk-based, other



Major food group Sub major food Group Example / also includesSpecial Dietary Foods Formula Dietary Foods meal replacements, liquid and powder supplementsSpecial Dietary Foods Enteral formulaMiscellaneous Yeast & Yeast-, Vegetable-

And Meat-Extractsyeast, yeast extract (marmite, vegemite), beef extract, spread not further specified

Miscellaneous Intense Sweetening Agents intense sweeteners (powder, tablets, liquid)Miscellaneous Herbs, Spices, Seasonings

And Stock Cubessalt, dried and fresh herbs and spices, stock

Miscellaneous Essences vanillaMiscellaneous Chemical Raising Agents

And Cooking IngredientsInfant Formulae & Foods Infant Formulae And Human

Breast Milktoddler formula

Infant Formulae & Foods Infant Cereal Products infant cereal, rusks, pasta and rice dishesInfant Formulae & Foods Infant Foods fruit, vegetable, egg, meat, custard, fruit gel, dessert and

biscuit type productsInfant Formulae & Foods Infant Drinks Infant juicesDietary Supplements Multivitamin and/or MineralDietary Supplements Single mineral iron, fluoride, calcium, zinc, magnesium, phosphateDietary Supplements Single vitamin vitamin C, E, A, folic acid, biotin, B12, B6Dietary Supplements Herbal and homoeopathic

supplementsaloe vera, herbal formations (liquid, powder, tablet, capsule), Echinacea, garlic, homeopathic formulation

Dietary Supplements Oil supplement fish and seed oilsDietary Supplements Sports, protein and meal

replacement supplementprotein supplements, meal replacements

Dietary Supplements Fibre supplement metamucilDietary Supplements Probiotics and Prebiotic

Supplementsacidophilus

Dietary Supplements Other supplements colloidal minerals, glucosamine sulfate, propolis


APPENDIX 2 UNWEIGHTED CELL COUNTS


Table A2.1 Cell counts for children by age group and sex





All children (Age group)

Males 550 613 525 561 2249Females 521 603 585 529 2238All children 1071 1216 1110 1090 4487



Table A2.2 Cell counts for child consumers by food group (major and sub major): males by age groupMales 2–3 years

(n=550) (Age group)

4–8 years(n=613)

(Age group)

9–13 years(n=525)

(Age group)

14–16 years

(n=561) (Age group)

Non-alcoholic Beverages 539 608 522 558Tea 17 30 29 54Coffee And Coffee Substitutes 2 5 16 67Fruit And Vegetable Juices, And Drinks 245 302 229 233Cordials 121 136 119 118Soft Drinks, And Flavoured Mineral Waters 68 146 213 260Electrolyte, Energy And Fortified Drinks 0 5 29 37Mineral Waters And Water 511 579 499 505Other Beverage Flavourings And Prepared Beverages 119 150 148 122

Cereals And Cereal Products 541 606 501 536Flours And Other Cereal Grains And Starches 110 98 98 92Regular Breads, And Bread Rolls (Plain/Unfilled/Untopped Varieties)

455 505 385 410


75 122 84 108

Pasta And Pasta Products 162 167 132 129Breakfast Cereals And Bars, Unfortified And Fortified Varieties

349 370 302 297

Breakfast Cereal, Hot Porridge Type 26 13 17 11Cereal-based Products And Dishes 443 474 416 422

Sweet Biscuits 194 183 161 148Savoury Biscuits 202 175 110 85Cakes, Buns, Muffins, Scones, Cake-Type Desserts 112 121 111 113Pastries 65 88 111 110Mixed Dishes Where Cereal Is The Major Ingredient 79 129 137 177Batter-Based Products 64 73 61 53

Fats And Oils 422 425 307 310Butters 81 117 80 74Dairy Blends 91 76 62 49Margarine And Table Spreads 259 238 154 170Vegetable/Nut Oil 53 45 33 55Other Fats 0 1 0 0Unspecified Fats 4 4 5 4

Fish And Seafood Products And Dishes 78 67 56 55Fin Fish (Excluding Commercially Sterile) 16 13 12 13Crustacea And Molluscs (Excluding Commercially Sterile)

7 5 6 4

Other Sea And Freshwater Foods 0 0 0 0Packed (Commercially Sterile) Fish And Seafood 24 19 19 15Fish And Seafood Products (Homemade And Takeaway)

32 34 22 24


1 2 2 3

Fruit Products And Dishes 476 458 310 269Pome Fruit 279 260 179 139Berry Fruit 44 39 17 17Citrus Fruit 119 118 76 85Stone Fruit 26 27 19 11Tropical Fruit 199 170 103 88Other Fruit 128 112 59 36Mixtures Of Two Or More Groups Of Fruit 34 17 16 8Dried Fruit, Preserved Fruit 102 50 20 24Mixed Dishes Where Fruit Is The Major Component 0 1 3 6

Egg Products And Dishes 72 81 62 76Eggs 58 66 52 60Dishes Where Egg Is The Major Ingredient 15 18 10 18



Males 2–3 years(n=550)

(Age group)

4–8 years(n=613)

(Age group)

9–13 years(n=525)

(Age group)

14–16 years

(n=561) (Age group)

Meat, Poultry And Game Products And Dishes 415 493 422 450Muscle Meat 162 171 154 171Game And Other Carcase Meats 0 0 1 0Poultry And Feathered Game 104 102 117 122Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes 0 2 1 1Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys 77 84 83 69Processed Meat 133 205 149 167Mixed Dishes Where Beef, Veal Or Lamb Is The Major Component

42 33 40 45


4 1 3 2


47 76 71 96

Milk Products And Dishes 531 574 477 506Dairy Milk (cow, sheep and goat) 484 485 393 399Yoghurt 207 142 73 62Cream 22 28 28 27Cheese 292 291 199 222Frozen Milk Products 91 149 140 134Custards 39 31 16 6Other Dishes Where Milk Or A Milk Product Is The Major Component

14 21 19 12

Flavoured Milks 25 47 52 61Dairy Substitutes 32 15 11 8

Dairy Milk Substitutes, Unflavoured 27 12 6 7Dairy Milk Substitutes, Flavoured 1 4 4 1Cheese Substitute 0 0 0 1Soy-Based Ice Confection 1 0 1 0Soy-Based Yoghurts 7 1 1 0

Soup 42 37 35 42Soup (Prepared, Ready to Eat) 36 31 26 35Dry Soup Mix 2 3 7 2Canned Condensed Soup (Unprepared) 4 3 2 5

Seed And Nut Products And Dishes 69 72 73 91Seeds And Seed Products 2 0 2 1Nuts And Nut Products 68 72 72 91

Savoury Sauces And Condiments 247 287 301 340Gravies And Savoury Sauces 221 247 264 287Pickles, Chutneys And Relishes 21 21 16 26Salad Dressings 27 51 60 92Stuffings 0 0 2 2

Vegetable Products And Dishes 421 468 407 441Potatoes 217 247 233 252Cabbage, Cauliflower And Similar Brassica Vegetables 105 104 97 82Carrot And Similar Root Vegetables 210 189 181 166Leaf And Stalk Vegetables 50 96 100 147Peas And Beans 122 112 93 99Tomato And Tomato Products 108 125 103 134Other Fruiting Vegetables 138 131 116 110Other Vegetables And Vegetable Combinations 204 162 156 189Dishes Where Vegetable Is The Major Component 26 28 39 49

Legume And Pulse Products And Dishes 37 37 29 38Mature Legumes And Pulses 8 9 12 10Mature Legume And Pulse Products And Dishes 29 28 18 29

Snack Foods 107 210 177 153Potato Snacks 41 108 109 111Corn Snacks 34 51 45 32



Males 2–3 years(n=550)

(Age group)

4–8 years(n=613)

(Age group)

9–13 years(n=525)

(Age group)

14–16 years

(n=561) (Age group)

Extruded Or Reformed Snacks 11 21 16 9Pretzels 3 6 1 1Other Snacks 23 46 23 16

Sugar Products And Dishes 287 336 274 268Sugar, Honey And Syrups 190 229 208 219Jam And Lemon Spreads, Chocolate Spreads, Sauces 106 106 71 69Dishes And Products Other Than Confectionery Where Sugar Is The Major Component

44 72 46 28

Confectionery And Cereal/nut/fruit/seed Bars 207 326 275 245Chocolate And Chocolate-Based Confectionery 103 156 151 130Cereal-, Fruit-, Nut- And Seed-Bars 57 109 75 78Other Confectionery 84 133 123 105

Alcoholic Beverages 7 3 2 11Beers 0 0 0 2Wines 7 3 2 8Spirits 0 0 0 1Other Alcoholic Beverages 0 0 0 0Pre-mixed drinks 0 0 0 1

Special Dietary Foods 10 3 10 13Formula Dietary Foods 10 3 10 13

Miscellaneous 279 244 193 236Yeast & Yeast-, Vegetable- And Meat-Extracts 206 158 82 77Intense Sweetening Agents 0 0 4 4Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes 113 114 123 176Essences 3 3 3 1Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients 2 1 0 1

Infant Formulae And Foods 39 5 1 1Infant Formulae And Human Breast Milk 21 3 0 0Infant Cereal Products 1 0 0 0Infant Foods 19 2 1 1Infant Drinks 2 0 0 0



Table A2.3 Cell counts for child consumers by food group (major and sub major): females by age group Females 2–3 years

(n=521) (Age

group)

4–8 years(n=603)

(Age group)

9–13 years(n=585)

(Age group)

14–16 years

(n=529) (Age group)



405 468 443 380


92 93 114 89


318 331 237 173





4 6 9 4


36 37 24 20


2 1 3 6


Egg Products And Dishes 72 81 69 78Eggs 59 67 56 62



Females 2–3 years(n=521)

(Age group)

4–8 years(n=603)

(Age group)

9–13 years(n=585)

(Age group)

14–16 years

(n=529) (Age group)

Dishes Where Egg Is The Major Ingredient 15 15 13 18Meat, Poultry And Game Products And Dishes 403 467 440 399

Muscle Meat 148 155 156 156Game And Other Carcase Meats 0 0 1 0Poultry And Feathered Game 98 93 111 104Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes 2 2 3 2Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys 66 74 67 40Processed Meat 119 202 151 148Mixed Dishes Where Beef, Veal Or Lamb Is The Major Component

46 26 40 33


1 1 2 5


59 92 90 61

Milk Products And Dishes 505 553 516 453Dairy Milk (cow, sheep and goat) 454 446 384 316Yoghurt 187 145 78 80Cream 20 26 28 45Cheese 279 277 263 221Frozen Milk Products 98 176 161 104Custards 37 29 18 10Other Dishes Where Milk Or A Milk Product Is The Major Component

6 14 17 17








Snack Foods 101 177 179 142Potato Snacks 45 96 105 92



Females 2–3 years(n=521)

(Age group)

4–8 years(n=603)

(Age group)

9–13 years(n=585)

(Age group)

14–16 years

(n=529) (Age group)

Corn Snacks 28 44 49 28Extruded Or Reformed Snacks 11 17 14 13Pretzels 4 2 4 2Other Snacks 24 43 26 19


36 68 63 25






Table A2.4 Cell counts for child consumers by food group (major and sub major): all children by age group

All Children 2–3 years(n=1071)

(Age group)

4–8 years(n=1216)

(Age group)

9–13 years(n=1110) (Age group)

14–16 years

(n=1090) (Age group)



860 973 828 790


167 215 198 197


667 701 539 470




(Age group)

4–8 years(n=1216)

(Age group)


14–16 years






11 11 15 8


68 71 46 44


3 3 5 9


Egg Products And Dishes 144 162 131 154Eggs 117 133 108 122Dishes Where Egg Is The Major Ingredient 30 33 23 36

Meat, Poultry And Game Products And Dishes 818 960 862 849Muscle Meat 310 326 310 327Game And Other Carcase Meats 0 0 2 0Poultry And Feathered Game 202 195 228 226Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes 2 4 4 3Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys 143 158 150 109Processed Meat 252 407 300 315Mixed Dishes Where Beef, Veal Or Lamb Is The Major Component

88 59 80 78


5 2 5 7


106 168 161 157

Milk Products And Dishes 1036 1127 993 959Dairy Milk (cow, sheep and goat) 938 931 777 715Yoghurt 394 287 151 142Cream 42 54 56 72Cheese 571 568 462 443Frozen Milk Products 189 325 301 238Custards 76 60 34 16




(Age group)

4–8 years(n=1216)

(Age group)


14–16 years


Other Dishes Where Milk Or A Milk Product Is The Major Component

20 35 36 29








Snack Foods 208 387 356 295Potato Snacks 86 204 214 203Corn Snacks 62 95 94 60Extruded Or Reformed Snacks 22 38 30 22Pretzels 7 8 5 3Other Snacks 47 89 49 35


80 140 109 53







(Age group)

4–8 years(n=1216)

(Age group)


14–16 years





Table A2.5 Place of consumption - Cell counts for child consumers by major food group, day type, age group and sex breakdown

NO

N-A

LCO

HO

LIC

BE

VE

RA

GE

S

CE

RE

ALS

& C

ER

EA

L P

RO

DU

CTS

CE

RE

AL-

BA

SE

D P

RO

DU

CTS

&

DIS

HE

S

FATS

& O

ILS

FIS

H &

SE

AFO

OD

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

FRU

IT P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

EG

G P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

ME

AT,

PO

ULT

RY

& G

AM

E

PR

OD

UC

TS &

DIS

HE

S

MIL

K P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

DA

IRY

SU

BS

TITU

TES

SO

UP

SE

ED

& N

UT

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

SA

VO

UR

Y S

AU

CE

S &

C

ON

DIM

EN

TS

VE

GE

TAB

LE P

RO

DU

CTS

&

DIS

HE

S

LEG

UM

E &

PU

LSE

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

SN

AC

K F

OO

DS

SU

GA

R P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

CO

NFE

CTI

ON

ER

Y &

C

ER

EA

L/N

UT/

FRU

IT/S

EE

D B

AR

S

ALC

OH

OLI

C B

EV

ER

AG

ES

SP

EC

IAL

DIE

TAR

Y F

OO

DS

MIS

CE

LLA

NE

OU

S

INFA

NT

FOR

MU

LAE

& F

OO

DS

We

ek

da

ys 2–3

years

Males 344 347 277 260 48 317 38 273 341 23 26 40 154 264 22 71 186 129 4 4 181

23

We

ek

da

ys 2–3

years

Females 318 321 258 237 48 278 49 241 312 19 21 53 145 252 28 54 144 138 2 1 159

21

NO

N-A

LCO

HO

LIC

BE

VE

RA

GE

S

CE

RE

ALS

& C

ER

EA

L P

RO

DU

CTS

CE

RE

AL-

BA

SE

D P

RO

DU

CTS

&

DIS

HE

S

FATS

& O

ILS

FIS

H &

SE

AFO

OD

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

FRU

IT P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

EG

G P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

ME

AT,

PO

ULT

RY

& G

AM

E

PR

OD

UC

TS &

DIS

HE

S

MIL

K P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

DA

IRY

SU

BS

TITU

TES

SO

UP

SE

ED

& N

UT

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

SA

VO

UR

Y S

AU

CE

S &

C

ON

DIM

EN

TS

VE

GE

TAB

LE P

RO

DU

CTS

&

DIS

HE

S

LEG

UM

E &

PU

LSE

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

SN

AC

K F

OO

DS

SU

GA

R P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

CO

NFE

CTI

ON

ER

Y &

C

ER

EA

L/N

UT/

FRU

IT/S

EE

D B

AR

S

ALC

OH

OLI

C B

EV

ER

AG

ES

SP

EC

IAL

DIE

TAR

Y F

OO

DS

MIS

CE

LLA

NE

OU

S

INFA

NT

FOR

MU

LAE

& F

OO

DS

We

ek

da

ys 2–3

years

Total 662 668 535 497 96 595 87 514 653 42 47 93 299 516 50 125 330 267 6 5 340

44

We

ek

da

ys

4–8 years

Males 377 379 297 280 43 304 40 310 362 14 21 52 186 287 21 132 212 199 2 2 159

3

We

ek

da

y s 4–8 years

Females 388 386 341 286 42 332 42 307 361 14 30 55 203 315 28 124 210 206 4 6 180

1

NO

N-A

LCO

HO

LIC

BE

VE

RA

GE

S

CE

RE

ALS

& C

ER

EA

L P

RO

DU

CTS

CE

RE

AL-

BA

SE

D P

RO

DU

CTS

&

DIS

HE

S

FATS

& O

ILS

FIS

H &

SE

AFO

OD

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

FRU

IT P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

EG

G P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

ME

AT,

PO

ULT

RY

& G

AM

E

PR

OD

UC

TS &

DIS

HE

S

MIL

K P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

DA

IRY

SU

BS

TITU

TES

SO

UP

SE

ED

& N

UT

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

SA

VO

UR

Y S

AU

CE

S &

C

ON

DIM

EN

TS

VE

GE

TAB

LE P

RO

DU

CTS

&

DIS

HE

S

LEG

UM

E &

PU

LSE

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

SN

AC

K F

OO

DS

SU

GA

R P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

CO

NFE

CTI

ON

ER

Y &

C

ER

EA

L/N

UT/

FRU

IT/S

EE

D B

AR

S

ALC

OH

OLI

C B

EV

ER

AG

ES

SP

EC

IAL

DIE

TAR

Y F

OO

DS

MIS

CE

LLA

NE

OU

S

INFA

NT

FOR

MU

LAE

& F

OO

DS

We

ek

da

ys 4–8

years

Total 765 765 638 566 85 636 82 617 723 28 51 107 389 602 49 256 422 405 6 8 339

4

We

ek

da

y s 9–13 years

Males 303 296 237 187 38 200 35 250 282 7 17 49 167 241 15 110 167 160 0 7 118

1

We

ek

da

ys 9–

13 years

Females 325 315 271 210 43 249 32 240 292 8 33 51 156 253 10 111 161 172 3 2 143

1

NO

N-A

LCO

HO

LIC

BE

VE

RA

GE

S

CE

RE

ALS

& C

ER

EA

L P

RO

DU

CTS

CE

RE

AL-

BA

SE

D P

RO

DU

CTS

&

DIS

HE

S

FATS

& O

ILS

FIS

H &

SE

AFO

OD

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

FRU

IT P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

EG

G P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

ME

AT,

PO

ULT

RY

& G

AM

E

PR

OD

UC

TS &

DIS

HE

S

MIL

K P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

DA

IRY

SU

BS

TITU

TES

SO

UP

SE

ED

& N

UT

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

SA

VO

UR

Y S

AU

CE

S &

C

ON

DIM

EN

TS

VE

GE

TAB

LE P

RO

DU

CTS

&

DIS

HE

S

LEG

UM

E &

PU

LSE

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

SN

AC

K F

OO

DS

SU

GA

R P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

CO

NFE

CTI

ON

ER

Y &

C

ER

EA

L/N

UT/

FRU

IT/S

EE

D B

AR

S

ALC

OH

OLI

C B

EV

ER

AG

ES

SP

EC

IAL

DIE

TAR

Y F

OO

DS

MIS

CE

LLA

NE

OU

S

INFA

NT

FOR

MU

LAE

& F

OO

DS

We

ek

da

ys 9–

13 years

Total 628 611 508 397 81 449 67 490 574 15 50 100 323 494 25 221 328 332 3 9 261

2

We

ek

da

ys 14–

16 years

Males 311 301 242 185 27 176 33 257 291 6 22 56 195 244 17 104 158 150 6 12 134

1

We

ek

da

y s 14–16 years

Females 282 270 211 176 34 186 35 212 247 9 30 49 156 235 19 78 136 158 5 5 138

1

NO

N-A

LCO

HO

LIC

BE

VE

RA

GE

S

CE

RE

ALS

& C

ER

EA

L P

RO

DU

CTS

CE

RE

AL-

BA

SE

D P

RO

DU

CTS

&

DIS

HE

S

FATS

& O

ILS

FIS

H &

SE

AFO

OD

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

FRU

IT P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

EG

G P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

ME

AT,

PO

ULT

RY

& G

AM

E

PR

OD

UC

TS &

DIS

HE

S

MIL

K P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

DA

IRY

SU

BS

TITU

TES

SO

UP

SE

ED

& N

UT

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

SA

VO

UR

Y S

AU

CE

S &

C

ON

DIM

EN

TS

VE

GE

TAB

LE P

RO

DU

CTS

&

DIS

HE

S

LEG

UM

E &

PU

LSE

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

SN

AC

K F

OO

DS

SU

GA

R P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

CO

NFE

CTI

ON

ER

Y &

C

ER

EA

L/N

UT/

FRU

IT/S

EE

D B

AR

S

ALC

OH

OLI

C B

EV

ER

AG

ES

SP

EC

IAL

DIE

TAR

Y F

OO

DS

MIS

CE

LLA

NE

OU

S

INFA

NT

FOR

MU

LAE

& F

OO

DS

We

ek

da

ys 14–

16 years

Total 593 571 453 361 61 362 68 469 538 15 52 105 351 479 36 182 294 308 11 17 272

2

We

ek

da

ys Tot

alMales 1335 1323 1053 912 156 997 146 109 1276 50 86 197 702 1036 75 41 723 638 12 25 59 28

We

ek

da

ys Tot

alFemales 1313 1292 1081 909 167 104

5158 100

01212 50 114 208 660 1055 85 367 651 674 14 14 62

024

NO

N-A

LCO

HO

LIC

BE

VE

RA

GE

S

CE

RE

ALS

& C

ER

EA

L P

RO

DU

CTS

CE

RE

AL-

BA

SE

D P

RO

DU

CTS

&

DIS

HE

S

FATS

& O

ILS

FIS

H &

SE

AFO

OD

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

FRU

IT P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

EG

G P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

ME

AT,

PO

ULT

RY

& G

AM

E

PR

OD

UC

TS &

DIS

HE

S

MIL

K P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

DA

IRY

SU

BS

TITU

TES

SO

UP

SE

ED

& N

UT

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

SA

VO

UR

Y S

AU

CE

S &

C

ON

DIM

EN

TS

VE

GE

TAB

LE P

RO

DU

CTS

&

DIS

HE

S

LEG

UM

E &

PU

LSE

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

SN

AC

K F

OO

DS

SU

GA

R P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

CO

NFE

CTI

ON

ER

Y &

C

ER

EA

L/N

UT/

FRU

IT/S

EE

D B

AR

S

ALC

OH

OLI

C B

EV

ER

AG

ES

SP

EC

IAL

DIE

TAR

Y F

OO

DS

MIS

CE

LLA

NE

OU

S

INFA

NT

FOR

MU

LAE

& F

OO

DS

We

ek

da

ys Tot

alTotal 2648 2615 2134 1821 323 204

2304 209

02488 100 200 405 1362 2091 160 784 137

4131

226 39 12

1252

We

ek

en

ds

* 2–3 years

Males 195 194 166 162 30 159 34 142 190 9 16 29 93 157 15 36 101 78 3 6 98 16

Wee

kend

s

2–3 years

Females 197 197 158 156 22 155 23 162 193 12 14 21 82 157 17 47 105 79 2 0 86 12

Wee

kend

s

2–3 years

Total 392 391 324 318 52 314 57 304 383 21 30 50 175 314 32 83 206 157 5 6 184

28

NO

N-A

LCO

HO

LIC

BE

VE

RA

GE

S

CE

RE

ALS

& C

ER

EA

L P

RO

DU

CTS

CE

RE

AL-

BA

SE

D P

RO

DU

CTS

&

DIS

HE

S

FATS

& O

ILS

FIS

H &

SE

AFO

OD

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

FRU

IT P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

EG

G P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

ME

AT,

PO

ULT

RY

& G

AM

E

PR

OD

UC

TS &

DIS

HE

S

MIL

K P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

DA

IRY

SU

BS

TITU

TES

SO

UP

SE

ED

& N

UT

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

SA

VO

UR

Y S

AU

CE

S &

C

ON

DIM

EN

TS

VE

GE

TAB

LE P

RO

DU

CTS

&

DIS

HE

S

LEG

UM

E &

PU

LSE

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

SN

AC

K F

OO

DS

SU

GA

R P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

CO

NFE

CTI

ON

ER

Y &

C

ER

EA

L/N

UT/

FRU

IT/S

EE

D B

AR

S

ALC

OH

OLI

C B

EV

ER

AG

ES

SP

EC

IAL

DIE

TAR

Y F

OO

DS

MIS

CE

LLA

NE

OU

S

INFA

NT

FOR

MU

LAE

& F

OO

DS

Wee

kend

s

4–8 years

Males 231 227 177 145 24 154 41 183 212 1 16 20 101 181 16 78 124 127 1 1 85 2

Wee

kend

s

4–8 years

Females 212 203 166 128 40 137 39 160 192 12 13 24 109 166 12 53 109 114 0 3 65 0

Wee

kend

s

4–8 years

Total 443 430 343 273 64 291 80 343 404 13 29 44 210 347 28 131 233 241 1 4 150

2

Wee

kend

s

9–13 years

Males 219 205 179 120 18 110 27 172 195 4 18 24 134 166 14 67 107 115 2 3 75 0

Wee

kend

s

9–13 years

Females 260 246 207 146 26 133 37 200 224 2 26 18 157 211 11 68 131 139 2 0 78 1

NO

N-A

LCO

HO

LIC

BE

VE

RA

GE

S

CE

RE

ALS

& C

ER

EA

L P

RO

DU

CTS

CE

RE

AL-

BA

SE

D P

RO

DU

CTS

&

DIS

HE

S

FATS

& O

ILS

FIS

H &

SE

AFO

OD

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

FRU

IT P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

EG

G P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

ME

AT,

PO

ULT

RY

& G

AM

E

PR

OD

UC

TS &

DIS

HE

S

MIL

K P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

DA

IRY

SU

BS

TITU

TES

SO

UP

SE

ED

& N

UT

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

SA

VO

UR

Y S

AU

CE

S &

C

ON

DIM

EN

TS

VE

GE

TAB

LE P

RO

DU

CTS

&

DIS

HE

S

LEG

UM

E &

PU

LSE

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

SN

AC

K F

OO

DS

SU

GA

R P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

CO

NFE

CTI

ON

ER

Y &

C

ER

EA

L/N

UT/

FRU

IT/S

EE

D B

AR

S

ALC

OH

OLI

C B

EV

ER

AG

ES

SP

EC

IAL

DIE

TAR

Y F

OO

DS

MIS

CE

LLA

NE

OU

S

INFA

NT

FOR

MU

LAE

& F

OO

DS

Wee

kend

s

9–13 years

Total 479 451 386 266 44 243 64 372 419 6 44 42 291 377 25 135 238 254 4 3 153

1

Wee

kend

s

14–16 years

Males 247 235 180 125 28 93 43 193 215 2 20 35 145 197 21 49 110 95 5 1 102

0

Wee

kend

s

14–16 years

Females 244 230 175 148 20 103 43 187 206 5 22 38 150 201 22 64 116 105 8 2 100

0

Wee

kend

s

14–16 years

Total 491 465 355 273 48 196 86 380 421 7 42 73 295 398 43 113 226 200 13 3 202

0

Wee

kend

s

Total

Males 892 861 702 552 100 516 145 690 812 16 70 108 473 701 66 230 442 415 11 11 360

18

NO

N-A

LCO

HO

LIC

BE

VE

RA

GE

S

CE

RE

ALS

& C

ER

EA

L P

RO

DU

CTS

CE

RE

AL-

BA

SE

D P

RO

DU

CTS

&

DIS

HE

S

FATS

& O

ILS

FIS

H &

SE

AFO

OD

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

FRU

IT P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

EG

G P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

ME

AT,

PO

ULT

RY

& G

AM

E

PR

OD

UC

TS &

DIS

HE

S

MIL

K P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

DA

IRY

SU

BS

TITU

TES

SO

UP

SE

ED

& N

UT

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

SA

VO

UR

Y S

AU

CE

S &

C

ON

DIM

EN

TS

VE

GE

TAB

LE P

RO

DU

CTS

&

DIS

HE

S

LEG

UM

E &

PU

LSE

PR

OD

UC

TS &

D

ISH

ES

SN

AC

K F

OO

DS

SU

GA

R P

RO

DU

CTS

& D

ISH

ES

CO

NFE

CTI

ON

ER

Y &

C

ER

EA

L/N

UT/

FRU

IT/S

EE

D B

AR

S

ALC

OH

OLI

C B

EV

ER

AG

ES

SP

EC

IAL

DIE

TAR

Y F

OO

DS

MIS

CE

LLA

NE

OU

S

INFA

NT

FOR

MU

LAE

& F

OO

DS

Wee

kend

s

Total

Females 913 876 706 578 108 528 142 709 815 31 75 101 498 735 62 232 461 437 12 5 329

13

Wee

kend

s

Total

Total 1805 1737 1408 1130 208 1044

287 1399

1627 47 145 209 971 1436 128 462 903 852 23 16 689

31

* includes public & school holidays

APPENDIX 3 STATISTICAL ANALYSES


Interpreting the statistical tablesThe statistical tables provided in this section, Appendix 3, provide guidance to interpreting comparisons of population estimates in the main tabulations. There will generally be some differences between age groups appearing in these tables, but some of these will be purely due to “sampling error” – not really an “error” but reflecting the reality that one particular child was chosen rather than another to participate in the study. Statistical significance tells us whether the differences we see are bigger than would be expected by chance. Significance is measured by the “p value” which is the probability that a difference as big as that seen could have come about just from sampling error. A small p value indicates that the difference is likely to represent a true difference in the population. Values of 0.01 or 0.05 are commonly taken as thresholds for suggesting that an observed difference is real. A p value less than the threshold indicates statistical significance.

There are three different aspects to a tabulation of consumption by age and sex:

1. Are the differences between boys and girls the same at every age? This is called the “age by sex interaction”.

2. Is there an overall difference in consumption between boys and girls? This is called the “sex main effect”.

3. Is there an overall difference between children of different age groups? This is the “age group main effect”.

As an example, excerpts from Tables 3.4, 3.5, A3.1, A3.2 and A3.3 in this volume are reproduced here. These are for the consumption of Berry Fruit, Citrus Fruit and Non-alcoholic beverages (for consumers only).

Excerpt from this volume, Table 3.4: Mean intake of selected major and sub major food groups (consumers only): males by age group

Males 2–3 years (Age

group)




Fruit Products And DishesBerry Fruit 85.5 93.7 99.9 77.9Citrus Fruit 93.6 119.3 138.9 143.2

Non-alcoholic Beverages 718.6 1006.5 1447.0 1674.8

Excerpt from this volume, Table 3.5: Mean intake of selected major and sub major food groups (consumers only): females by age group

Females 2–3 years (Age

group)




Fruit Products And Dishes 2

Berry Fruit 75.0 64.4 84.8 65.3Citrus Fruit 81.0 118.4 124.6 138.3

Non-alcoholic Beverages 694.6 881.8 1234.6 1459.2



Excerpt from this volume, Table A3.1: Post-hoc comparisons used for tests of age and sex interaction on food intake

Contrast

number

Comparison Males (2–3Yrs)

Males (4–8Yrs)

Males (9–13Yrs)

Males (14–16

Yrs)

Females (2–3

Yrs)

Females (4–8

Yrs)

Females (9–13

Yrs)

Females (14–16

Yrs)

L1 2–3yrs M vs F

1 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0

L2 4–8yrs M vs F

0 1 0 0 0 -1 0 0

L3 9–13yrs M vs F

0 0 1 0 0 0 -1 0

L4 14–16yrs M vs F

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 -1

Excerpt from this volume, Table A3.2: Post-hoc comparisons used for tests of main effects of age group on food intake

Contrastnumber

Comparison 2–3 yrs 4–8 yrs 9–13 yrs 14–16 yrs

L1 2–3yrs vs 4–8yrs 1 -1 0 0L2 2–3yrs vs 9–13yrs 1 0 -1 0L3 2–3yrs vs 14–16yrs 1 0 0 -1L4 4–8yrs vs 9–13yrs 0 1 -1 0L5 4–8yrs vs 14–16yrs 0 1 0 -1L6 9–13yrs vs 14–16yrs 0 0 1 -1

Excerpt from this volume, Table A3.3: Results for statistical analysis of differences in mean intake for each food group (consumers only). Age and sex interactions with post-hoc comparisons, followed by sex then age group main effects with post-hoc comparisons

Food Group A(p value)

A_D(L1)

A_D(L2)

A_D( L3)

A_D( L4)

B (p value)

B(Resul

t)

C(p value)

C-D(L1)

C-D(L2)

C-D(L3)

C-D(L4)

C-D(L5)

C-D(L6)

Notes

Fruit Products And DishesBerry Fruit 0.9

40.15 0.8

0Citrus Fruit 0.8

00.19 <0.

01**

**

**

Non-alcoholic Beverages <0.01

**

**

**

<0.01

m>f

<0.01

**

**

**

**

**

**

In the above table

A refers to Tests for age and sex interactions

B refers to Tests for sex main effects (in absence of interaction effect)

C refers to Tests for age group main effects (in absence of interaction effect)

D refers to Post-hoc comparisons



For berry fruit, we see that there is some difference in the estimated mean intake between sexes in each age group (table excerpt 3.4 and 3.5). Could these differences have come about by chance and not reflect a real difference in the population? The excerpt from table A3.3 shows that they could: all of the p values for berry fruit are large (above 0.05), so there is no significant evidence of population differences in the amount of berry fruit consumption by those who consumed on the day of the survey.

For citrus fruit, on the other hand, the p value for age group is <0.01, indicating that there is a real difference present (refer to table excerpt A3.3). It can be seen from excerpts 3.4 and 3.5 that the estimated mean intake of citrus fruit increases with age group. While there appears to be some differences between the sexes in these tables, they are not large and there is no significant statistical evidence of a real population difference between boys and girls. The symbols in the post-hoc comparisons column, labelled L1 to L6, allow us to see which age group differences are significant. For citrus fruit, L1 to L3 have p values of 0.01 or smaller, indicated by the “**” symbol. Table excerpt A3.2 allows us to interpret these: there are differences in citrus fruit consumption between 2–3 year olds compared to all other age groups, but no evidence of any difference between the three oldest age groups.

The situation for non-alcoholic beverages is more complex. All three of the p values in table excerpt A3.3 are <0.01, indicating statistical significance. In table excerpts 3.4 and 3.5 it can be seen that there are large differences in the estimated mean intake between age groups and, in the older age groups, much higher consumption by boys than girls. This is confirmed by table excerpt A3.3. Overall, male consumption figures are higher than for females (m>f) and all age groups comparisons (L1 to L6) are significantly different. In addition, the differences between the sexes vary with age (age by sex interaction), being nonsignificant for 2–3 year olds (L1) but significant for the older age groups (L2 to L4). For children that consumed non-alcoholic beverages, boys had more than girls, older children had more than younger children, and the difference in amount consumed between boys and girls varies with age group.

This approach can be applied to all of the tables where statistical significance can be assessed to see which of the differences seen in the tables are likely to be due to a real population difference and which may have come about by chance arising from sampling.



Statistical tablesStatistical tests for differences between group means were conducted using SPSS Version 19. A two-way between-groups analysis of variance was conducted to test whether there was a main effect of age group or sex on food group intake or whether there was a significant interaction between the factors age group and sex on food group intake. Where a significant interaction between factors was evident, main effects were not explored, however a post-hoc comparison of mean difference between boys and girls within each age group was conducted using Bonferroni adjustment to significance levels.

Results are presented in the following summary tables. An interaction between age group and sex was considered to be statistically significant if p value ≤ 0.05. If a significant interaction was found, the statistical significance of post-hoc comparisons of means are indicated using symbols (* for p≤0.05 and ** for p≤0.01). Tests for main effects for sex or age group were conducted individually if no age group and sex interaction was found. A p value ≤ 0.05 was taken to indicate statistical significance. The direction of the relationship is indicated for a significant effect of sex, and post-hoc testing was conducted for a significant effect of age group. The significance of post-hoc testing is indicated as * for p≤0.05 and ** for p≤0.01.

Table A3.1 gives the key to the contrasts for post-hoc testing following a finding of interaction, while Table A3.2 gives the key to post-hoc comparisons where a significant main effect of age group was found.

Table A3.1 Post-hoc comparisons used for tests of age and sex interaction on food intake

Contrast number

Comparison Males (2–3Yrs)

Males (4–8Yrs)

Males (9–13Yrs)

Males (14–16

Yrs)

Females (2–3Yrs)

Females (4–8Yrs)

Females (9–13Yrs)

Females (14–16

Yrs)

L1 2–3yrs M vs F 1 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0L2 4–8yrs M vs F 0 1 0 0 0 -1 0 0L3 9–13yrs M vs

F0 0 1 0 0 0 -1 0

L4 14–16yrs M vs F

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 -1

Table A3.2 Post-hoc comparisons used for tests of main effects of age group on food intake

Contrastnumber

Comparison 2–3 yrs 4–8 yrs 9–13 yrs 14–16 yrs

L1 2–3yrs vs 4–8yrs 1 -1 0 0L2 2–3yrs vs 9–13yrs 1 0 -1 0L3 2–3yrs vs 14–16yrs 1 0 0 -1L4 4–8yrs vs 9–13yrs 0 1 -1 0L5 4–8yrs vs 14–16yrs 0 1 0 -1L6 9–13yrs vs 14–16yrs 0 0 1 -1



Table A3.3 Results for statistical analysis of differences in mean intake for each food group (consumers only). Age and sex interactions with post-hoc comparisons, followed by sex then age group main effects with post-hoc comparisons

Food Group A (p value)

A – D1(

L1)

A – D1(

L2)

A – D1(

L3)

A – D1(

L4)

B(p value)

B(Result2 )

C(p value)

C – D3

(L1)

C – D3(L2)

C – D3 (L3)

C – D3

( L4)

C – D3

(L5)

C – D3

(L6)

Notes

Non-alcoholic Beverages <0.01 ** ** ** <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** ** **Tea 0.34 0.42 <0.01 * ** ** **Coffee And Coffee Substitutes 0.76 0.80 <0.01 ** ** ** ** †Fruit And Vegetable Juices, And Drinks

0.07 <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** ** **

Cordials 0.15 0.62 <0.01 ** * **Soft Drinks, And Flavoured Mineral Waters

0.13 <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** ** **

Electrolyte, Energy And Fortified Drinks

0.90 0.07 0.09 †

Mineral Waters And Water 0.19 <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** ** **

Other Beverage Flavourings And Prepared Beverages

0.59 0.50 <0.01 ** ** ** ** *

Cereals And Cereal Products <0.01 * ** ** <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** ** *Flours And Other Cereal Grains And Starches

0.02 * <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** **


<0.01 ** ** <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** ** **


0.01 ** <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** ** *

Pasta And Pasta Products 0.01 * * <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** ** *Breakfast Cereals And Bars, Unfortified And Fortified Varieties

<0.01 ** ** <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** ** **

Breakfast Cereal, Hot Porridge Type

0.26 0.09 <0.01 * ** * **

Cereal-based Products And Dishes <0.01 ** <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** ** **Sweet Biscuits 0.06 <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** **Savoury Biscuits 0.06 0.40 <0.01 ** ** ** * ** *Cakes, Buns, Muffins, Scones, Cake-Type Desserts

0.99 0.98 <0.01 ** ** ** * **

Pastries 0.17 0.02 m>f <0.01 * ** ** ** ** **Mixed Dishes Where Cereal Is The Major Ingredient

<0.01 ** <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** ** **

Batter-Based Products 0.32 0.20 <0.01 ** ** ** **Fats And Oils 0.19 0.02 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** *

Butters 0.96 0.30 <0.01 ** **Dairy Blends 0.52 0.56 <0.01 * *Margarine And Table Spreads 0.03 ** <0.01 m>f <0.01 * ** ** ** *Vegetable/Nut Oil 0.28 0.95 0.01 *Other Fats . . . †Unspecified Fats 0.12 0.04 f>m 0.20

Fish And Seafood Products And Dishes

0.14 0.03 m>f <0.01 * ** ** **


0.03 ** <0.01 m>f <0.01 * **


0.01 0.03 m>f 0.02 *

Other Sea And Freshwater Foods . . . †Packed (Commercially Sterile) Fish And Seafood

0.04 * 0.68 <0.01 ** ** *


0.26 0.17 0.02 * *




A – D1(

L1)

A – D1(

L2)

A – D1(

L3)

A – D1(

L4)

B(p value)

B(Result2 )

C(p value)

C – D3

(L1)

C – D3(L2)

C – D3 (L3)

C – D3

( L4)

C – D3

(L5)

C – D3

(L6)

Notes


0.03 ** ** 0.01 f>m <0.01 ** * ** †

Fruit Products And Dishes* 0.75 0.01 m>f <0.01 * ** ** **Pome Fruit 0.19 0.09 <0.01 ** ** ** * ** *Berry Fruit 0.94 0.15 0.80Citrus Fruit 0.80 0.19 <0.01 ** ** **Stone Fruit 0.74 0.43 <0.01 ** **Tropical Fruit 0.04 0.03 m>f <0.01 * ** ** * **Other Fruit 0.22 0.05 m>f <0.01 ** **Mixtures Of Two Or More Groups Of Fruit

0.78 0.04 m>f 0.03

Dried Fruit, Preserved Fruit 0.27 0.07 0.40Mixed Dishes Where Fruit Is The Major Component

0.21 <0.01 m>f 0.01 †

Egg Products And Dishes 0.11 0.12 <0.01 ** ** **Eggs 0.06 0.13 <0.01 * ** *Dishes Where Egg Is The Major Ingredient

0.84 0.43 <0.01 * ** **

Meat, Poultry And Game Products And Dishes

<0.01 ** ** <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** ** **

Muscle Meat <0.01 ** ** <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** ** *Game And Other Carcase Meats . . . †Poultry And Feathered Game 0.14 0.05 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** ** **Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes

<0.01 <0.01 m>f 0.04 †

Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys

0.11 0.07 <0.01 ** ** ** ** *

Processed Meat <0.01 ** 0.01 m>f <0.01 * * ** * *Mixed Dishes Where Beef, Veal Or Lamb Is The Major Component

0.04 ** <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** **


<0.01 ** 0.05 0.06 †


0.01 ** <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** **

Milk Products And Dishes <0.01 * ** ** <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** **Dairy Milk (cow, sheep and goat) <0.01 ** ** <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** **Yoghurt 0.43 0.02 m>f <0.01 * ** **Cream 0.26 0.78 <0.01 ** ** ** *Cheese 0.69 0.01 m>f <0.01 * ** ** **Frozen Milk Products 0.23 0.10 <0.01 ** ** ** ** **Custards 0.45 0.43 0.01 *Other Dishes Where Milk Or A Milk Product Is The Major Component

0.85 0.28 0.23

Flavoured Milks 0.19 0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** ** **Dairy Substitutes 0.05 * ** <0.01 m>f 0.38

Dairy Milk Substitutes, Unflavoured

0.04 ** 0.01 m>f 0.43

Dairy Milk Substitutes, Flavoured 0.01 0.14 <0.01 †

*1 see Table A3.1 for key to post-hoc comparisons2 m=males; f=females 3 see Table A3.2 for key to post-hoc comparisons* p value =<0.05, ** p value =<0.01† The number of participants consuming this food was too small for a valid test of statistical significance. Where p

values are shown, they should be considered indicative only.




A – D1(

L1)

A – D1(

L2)

A – D1(

L3)

A – D1(

L4)

B(p value)

B(Result2 )

C(p value)

C – D3

(L1)

C – D3(L2)

C – D3 (L3)

C – D3

( L4)

C – D3

(L5)

C – D3

(L6)

Notes

Cheese Substitute . . . †Soy-Based Ice Confection . 0.72 0.09 †Soy-Based Yoghurts 0.21 0.44 0.02 †

Soup 0.20 0.88 <0.01 * ** ** *Soup (Prepared, Ready to Eat) 0.07 0.05 m>f <0.01 * ** ** * **Dry Soup Mix 0.12 0.01 f>m 0.04 * * * †Canned Condensed Soup (Unprepared)

0.76 0.25 0.05 †

Seed & Nut Products & Dishes 0.11 0.91 0.01 *Seeds And Seed Products 0.11 0.16 0.15 †Nuts And Nut Products 0.07 0.89 0.02 *

Savoury Sauces And Condiments 0.91 0.07 <0.01 * ** ** ** **Gravies And Savoury Sauces 0.97 0.07 <0.01 * ** ** ** **Pickles, Chutneys And Relishes 0.01 0.81 0.54Salad Dressings 0.49 0.25 <0.01 ** ** **Stuffings . . . †

Vegetable Products & Dishes 0.01 ** <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** ** **Potatoes 0.02 ** <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** ** **Cabbage, Cauliflower And Similar Brassica Vegetables

0.06 0.24 <0.01 ** ** *

Carrot And Similar Root Vegetables

0.10 0.05 m>f <0.01 * * ** * *

Leaf And Stalk Vegetables 0.28 0.50 <0.01 ** ** * **Peas And Beans 0.03 0.25 <0.01 ** ** ** **Tomato And Tomato Products 0.05 * 0.20 <0.01 ** ** * **Other Fruiting Vegetables 0.11 0.36 <0.01 ** ** * **Other Vegetables And Vegetable Combinations

0.53 0.43 <0.01 ** ** ** **


0.36 <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** * **

Legume And Pulse Products And Dishes

0.24 0.01 m>f 0.02 *

Mature Legumes And Pulses 0.61 0.60 0.24Mature Legume And Pulse Products And Dishes

0.11 <0.01 m>f 0.01

Snack Foods 0.11 0.15 <0.01 ** ** ** ** ** *Potato Snacks 0.23 0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** **Corn Snacks 0.55 0.99 <0.01 * ** ** ** *Extruded Or Reformed Snacks 0.26 0.47 0.86Pretzels <0.01 ** <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** †Other Snacks 0.06 0.41 0.37

Sugar Products And Dishes 0.11 0.67 <0.01 ** ** **Sugar, Honey And Syrups 0.70 0.33 <0.01 * ** ** * ** *Jam And Lemon Spreads, Chocolate Spreads, Sauces

0.81 0.03 m>f <0.01 ** ** *

Dishes And Products Other Than Confectionery Where Sugar Is The Major Component

0.08 0.67 0.01 * *

Confectionery And Cereal/nut/fruit/seed Bars

0.16 <0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** ** ** **


0.46 0.05 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** *

Cereal-, Fruit-, Nut- And Seed-Bars

0.89 0.75 0.05

Other Confectionery 0.20 0.01 m>f <0.01 ** ** ** **Alcoholic Beverages 0.25 0.09 <0.01 * * * *




A – D1(

L1)

A – D1(

L2)

A – D1(

L3)

A – D1(

L4)

B(p value)

B(Result2 )

C(p value)

C – D3

(L1)

C – D3(L2)

C – D3 (L3)

C – D3

( L4)

C – D3

(L5)

C – D3

(L6)

Notes

Beers . . . †Wines 0.49 0.30 0.01 *Spirits . . . †Other Alcoholic Beverages . . . †Pre-mixed drinks . 0.37 . †

Special Dietary Foods <0.01 ** ** * 0.46 <0.01 ** †Formula Dietary Foods <0.01 ** ** * 0.46 <0.01 ** †

Miscellaneous 0.31 0.91 0.72Yeast & Yeast-, Vegetable- And Meat-Extracts

<0.01 ** 0.09 <0.01 * ** *

Intense Sweetening Agents 0.85 0.28 0.12 †Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes

0.12 0.67 0.78

Essences <0.01 ** ** 0.28 <0.01 ** ** †Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients

0.56 0.01 f>m 0.01 †

Infant Formulae And Foods <0.01 ** . 0.01 f>m <0.01 ** †Infant Formulae And Human Breast Milk

<0.01 0.01 f>m 0.17 †

Infant Cereal Products . . . †Infant Foods <0.01 0.57 <0.01 †Infant Drinks . . . †

1 see Table A3.1 for key to post-hoc comparisons2 m=males; f=females 3 see Table A3.2 for key to post-hoc comparisons* p value =<0.05, ** p value =<0.01† The number of participants consuming this food was too small for a valid test of statistical significance. Where p



B refers to Tests for sex main effects(in absence of interaction effect)





Logistic regression was used to test for a difference in the proportion who consumed a particular food group by sex and by age group. Once again, statistical testing for difference in the proportion who consumed a food group by age group and by sex was only conducted once it had been established that there was no significant interaction between the factors (i.e. that the relationship between percent who consumed across each categorisation (age group or sex) was independent of the other). If there was evidence of interaction, a post-hoc comparison of proportion of boys who consumed to proportion of girls who consumed was made within each age group. In the absence of evidence of interaction, the proportion who consumed by sex was tested, and the proportion who consumed by age group was tested. Statistically significant results were those where p≤0.05. Where a statistically significant result was found the direction of the relationship is indicated for sex, and post-hoc testing conducted for age group followed by indication of significance (* for p≤0.05 and ** for p≤0.01). Table A3.4 Results for statistical analysis of differences in the proportion of children consuming each food group, including age and sex interactions with post-hoc comparisons, followed by sex then age group main effects with post-hoc comparisons


A – D1

(

L1)

A – D1

(L2

)

A – D1

(

L3)

A – D1

(L4)

B(p value) C(p value)

C – D2

(L1)

C – D2

(L2)

C – D2

(L3)

C – D2

(L4)

C – D2

(L5)

C – D2

(

L6)

Notes

Non-alcoholic Beverages 0.52 <0.01 <0.01 **

**

**

†

Tea 0.50 0.13 <0.01 **

**

**

**

Coffee And Coffee Substitutes 0.45 0.50 <0.01 * **

* **

**

Fruit And Vegetable Juices, And Drinks 0.09 0.83 0.12 †Cordials 0.35 0.03 0.59Soft Drinks, And Flavoured Mineral Waters

0.05 **

0.04 <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

Electrolyte, Energy And Fortified Drinks <0.01 **

<0.01 <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

†

Mineral Waters And Water 0.13 0.24 <0.01 * **

**


0.58 0.91 0.01 * *

Cereals And Cereal Products * 0.02 **

0.39 <0.01 **

**

**

* **

Flours And Other Cereal Grains And Starches

0.76 0.63 0.02 *


0.02 0.12 <0.01 * **

* **


0.11 0.63 0.58

Pasta And Pasta Products 0.42 0.90 0.05 *

*1 see Table A3.1 for key to post-hoc comparisons2 see Table A3.2 for key to post-hoc comparisons* p value =<0.05, ** p value =<0.01† The number of participants consuming this food was too small for a valid test of statistical significance. Where p





A – D1

(

L1)

A – D1

(L2

)

A – D1

(

L3)

A – D1

(L4)


C – D2

(L1)

C – D2

(L2)

C – D2

(L3)

C – D2

(L4)

C – D2

(L5)

C – D2

(

L6)

Notes

Breakfast Cereals And Bars, Unfortified And Fortified Varieties

<0.01 **

**

<0.01 <0.01 * **

**

**

**

Breakfast Cereal, Hot Porridge Type 0.29 0.34 0.03 *Cereal-based Products And Dishes 0.02 *

*0.08 0.01 * * †

Sweet Biscuits 0.20 0.77 <0.01 **

*

Savoury Biscuits 0.71 0.16 <0.01 * **

**

**

**

**


0.19 0.94 0.25

Pastries 0.51 0.43 <0.01 * **

**

*


0.36 0.10 <0.01 **

**

**

* **

Batter-Based Products 0.94 0.01 0.07Fats And Oils 0.15 0.60 <0.01 * *

***

**

**

Butters 0.59 0.76 0.15Dairy Blends <0.01 0.69 0.03 †Margarine And Table Spreads 0.13 0.10 <0.01 *

***

**

**

**

Vegetable/Nut Oil 0.82 0.85 0.20Other Fats <0.01 *

*0.68 <0.01 *

***

†

Unspecified Fats 0.61 0.53 0.86 †Fish And Seafood Products And Dishes 0.90 0.16 0.04 *


0.68 0.53 0.59


0.56 0.73 0.41

Other Sea And Freshwater Foods <0.01 **

0.68 <0.01 **

**

†

Packed (Commercially Sterile) Fish And Seafood

0.24 0.29 0.75


0.32 0.48 0.06


0.77 0.77 0.02 *

Fruit Products And Dishes 0.04 0.35 <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

**

Pome Fruit 0.68 0.59 <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

Berry Fruit 0.23 0.92 <0.01 * **

**

†

Citrus Fruit 0.64 0.22 <0.01 **

**

Stone Fruit 0.20 0.09 0.02 **

Tropical Fruit 0.54 0.43 <0.01 **

**

**

* *

Other Fruit 0.40 <0.01 <0.01 **

**

**

**

Mixtures Of Two Or More Groups Of Fruit

0.55 0.31 <0.01 * **

Dried Fruit, Preserved Fruit 0.72 0.20 <0.01 * * * *




A – D1

(

L1)

A – D1

(L2

)

A – D1

(

L3)

A – D1

(L4)


C – D2

(L1)

C – D2

(L2)

C – D2

(L3)

C – D2

(L4)

C – D2

(L5)

C – D2

(

L6)

Notes

* * * *Mixed Dishes Where Fruit Is The Major Component

0.07 0.13 <0.01 **

**

**

†

Egg Products And Dishes 0.86 0.26 0.32Eggs 0.84 0.37 0.62 †Dishes Where Egg Is The Major Ingredient

0.70 0.84 0.30


0.19 0.49 0.09

Muscle Meat 0.90 0.14 0.59 †Game And Other Carcase Meats 0.66 0.96 <0.01 †Poultry And Feathered Game 0.52 0.59 0.09 †Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes

<0.01 **

<0.01 <0.01 **

**

**

†

Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys 0.61 <0.01 0.12 †Processed Meat 0.62 0.81 <0.01 *

**


0.85 0.29 <0.01 **

*


0.15 0.35 0.37


0.01 0.76 0.02 * *

Milk Products And Dishes 0.29 0.56 <0.01 **

**

**

**

Dairy Milk (cow, sheep and goat) 0.15 <0.01 <0.01 **

**

**

* **

Yoghurt 0.42 0.89 <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

Cream <0.01 **

0.32 0.17

Cheese 0.03 **

0.30 <0.01 **

**

**

* **

Frozen Milk Products 0.20 0.47 <0.01 **

**

Custards 0.48 0.25 <0.01 * **

**

**


0.47 0.45 0.08

Flavoured Milks 0.85 0.83 <0.01 * **

**

Dairy Substitutes 0.57 0.21 <0.01 * **

**

Dairy Milk Substitutes, Unflavoured 0.97 0.37 <0.01 * **

**

Dairy Milk Substitutes, Flavoured 0.47 <0.01 0.85 †Cheese Substitute <0.01 *

***

0.46 <0.01 **

**

†

Soy-Based Ice Confection <0.01 **

0.01 <0.01 **

†

Soy-Based Yoghurts - - - †Soup 0.46 0.06 0.49

Soup (Prepared, Ready to Eat) 0.44 <0.01 0.79Dry Soup Mix 0.10 0.36 0.41Canned Condensed Soup (Unprepared) 0.79 <0.01 0.34 †




A – D1

(

L1)

A – D1

(L2

)

A – D1

(

L3)

A – D1

(L4)


C – D2

(L1)

C – D2

(L2)

C – D2

(L3)

C – D2

(L4)

C – D2

(L5)

C – D2

(

L6)

Notes

Seed And Nut Products And Dishes 0.67 0.81 0.03 *Seeds And Seed Products <0.01 *

*<0.01 <0.01 *

***

**

†

Nuts And Nut Products 0.50 0.89 0.03 *SAVOURY SAUCES AND CONDIMENTS 0.12 0.64 <0.01 *

***

* **

†

Gravies And Savoury Sauces 0.12 0.71 <0.01 **

**

*

Pickles, Chutneys And Relishes 0.54 0.85 0.08Salad Dressings 0.78 0.94 <0.01 *

***

* **

Stuffings <0.01 0.19 <0.01 †Vegetable Products And Dishes 0.89 0.19 0.80

Potatoes 0.79 0.21 0.05Cabbage, Cauliflower And Similar Brassica Vegetables

0.43 0.94 0.26

Carrot And Similar Root Vegetables 0.02 0.48 0.76Leaf And Stalk Vegetables 0.11 0.63 <0.01 *

***

**

* **

Peas And Beans 0.63 0.66 0.11Tomato And Tomato Products 0.71 0.79 0.20Other Fruiting Vegetables 0.34 0.01 0.18Other Vegetables And Vegetable Combinations

0.45 0.77 <0.01 * **


1.00 0.72 <0.01 **

**

Legume And Pulse Products And Dishes 0.10 0.06 0.08 †Mature Legumes And Pulses 0.05 0.97 0.61Mature Legume And Pulse Products And Dishes

0.72 0.32 0.12

Snack Foods 0.70 0.23 <0.01 **

**

**

Potato Snacks 0.15 0.42 <0.01 **

**

**

Corn Snacks 0.89 0.35 0.10Extruded Or Reformed Snacks 0.86 0.73 0.50Pretzels 0.10 0.52 0.57Other Snacks 0.81 0.29 <0.01 *

*Sugar Products And Dishes 0.64 0.09 0.21

Sugar, Honey And Syrups 0.53 0.17 0.39Jam And Lemon Spreads, Chocolate Spreads, Sauces

0.28 0.17 <0.01 **


0.24 0.84 <0.01 * **

* †


0.50 0.20 <0.01 **

**

**

* †


0.33 0.26 <0.01 **

**

Cereal-, Fruit-, Nut- And Seed-Bars 0.87 0.98 0.07Other Confectionery 1.00 0.08 0.01 *

*Alcoholic Beverages 0.75 0.91 <0.01 *

***




A – D1

(

L1)

A – D1

(L2

)

A – D1

(

L3)

A – D1

(L4)


C – D2

(L1)

C – D2

(L2)

C – D2

(L3)

C – D2

(L4)

C – D2

(L5)

C – D2

(

L6)

Notes

Beers 0.61 0.32 0.81 †Wines 0.94 0.65 0.03Spirits <0.01 *

*0.99 <0.01 . *

***

†

Other Alcoholic Beverages <0.01 **

**

<0.01 <0.01 **

**

**

**

†

Pre-mixed drinks <0.01 **

<0.01 <0.01 **

**

**

†

Special Dietary Foods <0.01 **

0.02 0.10

Formula Dietary Foods <0.01 **

0.02 0.10

Miscellaneous 0.47 0.87 <0.01 **

**

*

Yeast & Yeast-, Vegetable- And Meat-Extracts

<0.01 * **

<0.01 <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

Intense Sweetening Agents 0.88 0.41 <0.01 **

**

**

**

†

Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes

0.39 0.06 <0.01 * **

**

Essences 0.28 0.84 0.19Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients

<0.01 **

**

0.36 <0.01 **

**

. **

†

Infant Formulae And Foods 0.17 0.45 <0.01 **

**

**

Infant Formulae And Human Breast Milk - - - †Infant Cereal Products - - - †Infant Foods 0.38 <0.01 <0.01 *

***

**

**

**

†

Infant Drinks 0.98 0.99 <0.01 **

* †

1 see Table A3.1 for key to post-hoc comparisons2 see Table A3.2 for key to post-hoc comparisons* p value =<0.05, ** p value =<0.01† The number of participants consuming this food was too small for a valid test of statistical significance. Where p



B refers to Tests for sex main effects (in absence of interaction effect)



Table A3.5 Results for statistical analysis of differences in mean portion size consumed for each food group, including age and sex interactions with post-hoc comparisons, followed by sex then age group main effects with post-hoc comparisons




A – D1

(L1)

A – D1

(L2)

A – D1

(L3)

A – D1

(L4)

B (p value)

B (Result2)

C(p value)

C-D3

(L1)

C-D3

(L2)

C-D3

(L3)

C-D3

(L4)

C-D3

(L5)

C-D3

( L6 )

Notes

Non-alcoholic Beverages 0.24 <0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

**

Tea 0.38 0.08 <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

Coffee And Coffee Substitutes 0.45 0.57 <0.01 **

**

**

**

†

Fruit And Vegetable Juices, And Drinks 0.02 **

<0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

**

Cordials 0.01 0.51 <0.01 **

**

**

Soft Drinks, And Flavoured Mineral Waters

0.51 <0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

**

Electrolyte, Energy And Fortified Drinks 0.75 0.08 0.13 †Mineral Waters And Water 0.17 <0.01 m>f <0.01 *

***

**

**

**

**


0.44 0.25 <0.01 **

**

**

**

Cereals And Cereal Products * 0.01 **

* <0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

**

Flours And Other Cereal Grains And Starches

0.06 <0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

**

**


<0.01 **

**

**

**

<0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

**


0.02 **

<0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

*

Pasta And Pasta Products 0.02 * <0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

*

Breakfast Cereals And Bars, Unfortified And Fortified Varieties

<0.01 **

<0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

**

Breakfast Cereal, Hot Porridge Type 0.24 0.11 <0.01 * **

* **

Cereal-based Products And Dishes <0.01 **

<0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

**

Sweet Biscuits 0.03 **

<0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

Savoury Biscuits 0.02 0.06 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

**


1.00 0.77 <0.01 **

**

**

**






A – D1

(L1)

A – D1

(L2)

A – D1

(L3)

A – D1

(L4)

B (p value)

B (Result2)

C(p value)

C-D3

(L1)

C-D3

(L2)

C-D3

(L3)

C-D3

(L4)

C-D3

(L5)

C-D3

( L6 )

Notes

Pastries 0.20 0.13 <0.01 * **

**

* **

*


0.01 **

<0.01 m>f <0.01 * **

**

* **

**

Batter-Based Products 0.32 0.22 <0.01 **

**

**

**

Fats And Oils 0.08 0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

* **

*

Butters 0.68 0.25 <0.01 * **

**

Dairy Blends 0.17 0.59 <0.01 **

**

**

Margarine And Table Spreads 0.15 <0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

**

Vegetable/Nut Oil 0.22 0.42 0.01 *Other Fats . . . †Unspecified Fats 0.15 0.02 f>m 0.40

Fish And Seafood Products And Dishes 0.260.01

m>f <0.01 * **

**

**


0.05 <0.01 m>f <0.01 * **


0.09 0.04 m>f 0.01 **

Other Sea And Freshwater Foods . . . †Packed (Commercially Sterile) Fish And Seafood

0.04 * 0.72 <0.01 **

**


0.16 0.18 0.03 * *


0.03 **

**

0.01 f>m <0.01 **

* **

†

Fruit Products And Dishes * 0.79 <0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

Pome Fruit 0.18 <0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

**

Berry Fruit 0.82 0.13 0.36Citrus Fruit 0.30 0.09 <0.01 *

***

**

*

Stone Fruit 0.15 0.05 m>f <0.01 * **

Tropical Fruit 0.39 0.11 <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

*

Other Fruit 0.10 0.19 <0.01 * *






A – D1

(L1)

A – D1

(L2)

A – D1

(L3)

A – D1

(L4)

B (p value)

B (Result2)

C(p value)

C-D3

(L1)

C-D3

(L2)

C-D3

(L3)

C-D3

(L4)

C-D3

(L5)

C-D3

( L6 )

Notes

* *Mixtures Of Two Or More Groups Of Fruit

0.71 0.08 0.02

Dried Fruit, Preserved Fruit 0.34 0.09 0.36Mixed Dishes Where Fruit Is The Major Component

0.21 <0.01 m>f 0.02 †

Egg Products And Dishes 0.36 0.24 <0.01 **

**

**

Eggs 0.18 0.19 <0.01 * * *Dishes Where Egg Is The Major Ingredient

0.84 0.64 <0.01 * **

**


<0.01 **

**

<0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

**

Muscle Meat <0.01 * **

<0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

Game And Other Carcase Meats . . . †Poultry And Feathered Game 0.32 0.16 <0.01 *

***

**

**

**

*

Organ Meats And Offal, Products And Dishes

<0.01 <0.01 m>f 0.04 †

Sausages, Frankfurts And Saveloys 0.40 0.07 <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

Processed Meat <0.01 **

<0.01 m>f <0.01 * **

**

*


0.06 <0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**


<0.01 **

. 0.05 m>f 0.06 †


0.04 **

<0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

*

Milk Products And Dishes <0.01 * **

**

<0.01 m>f <0.01 * **

**

**

**

**

Dairy Milk (cow, sheep and goat) <0.01 **

**

**

<0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

*

Yoghurt 0.10 0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

* **

Cream 0.28 0.40 <0.01 **

**

**

Cheese 0.10 0.01 m>f <0.01 * **

**

* **

**

Frozen Milk Products 0.76 0.32 <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

**

Custards 0.42 0.77 <0.01 **


0.25 0.32 0.10

Flavoured Milks 0.36 0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

**

Dairy Substitutes 0.03 **

* * <0.01 m>f <0.01 * *

Dairy Milk Substitutes, Unflavoured <0.01 * * * <0.01 m>f <0.01 * *




A – D1

(L1)

A – D1

(L2)

A – D1

(L3)

A – D1

(L4)

B (p value)

B (Result2)

C(p value)

C-D3

(L1)

C-D3

(L2)

C-D3

(L3)

C-D3

(L4)

C-D3

(L5)

C-D3

( L6 )

Notes

* * *Dairy Milk Substitutes, Flavoured <0.01 <0.01 m>f <0.01 †Cheese Substitute . . . †Soy-Based Ice Confection . 0.72 0.09 †Soy-Based Yoghurts 0.21 0.44 0.02 †

Soup 0.18 0.46 <0.01 * **

**

Soup (Prepared, Ready to Eat) 0.26 0.29 <0.01 * **

**

* **

Dry Soup Mix 0.12 0.01 f>m 0.04 * * * †Canned Condensed Soup (Unprepared)

0.76 0.25 0.05 †

Seed And Nut Products And Dishes 0.11 0.74 <0.01 * **

Seeds And Seed Products 0.94 0.97 0.06 †Nuts And Nut Products 0.12 0.74 0.01 *

Savoury Sauces And Condiments 0.97 0.42 <0.01 **

**

**

**

Gravies And Savoury Sauces 0.94 0.22 <0.01 **

**

**

**

Pickles, Chutneys And Relishes 0.01 0.71 0.81Salad Dressings 0.46 0.38 <0.01 *

***

*

Stuffings . . . †Vegetable Products And Dishes 0.02 * <0.01 m>f <0.01 *

***

**

**

**

*

Potatoes <0.01 **

<0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

**

Cabbage, Cauliflower And Similar Brassica Vegetables

0.17 0.24 <0.01 * **

**

* *

Carrot And Similar Root Vegetables 0.14 0.17 <0.01 **

**

*

Leaf And Stalk Vegetables 0.25 0.79 <0.01 **

**

* **

Peas And Beans 0.04 0.07 <0.01 **

**

**

**

Tomato And Tomato Products 0.02 * 0.36 <0.01 * **

**

**

Other Fruiting Vegetables 0.17 0.06 <0.01 * **

* **

Other Vegetables And Vegetable Combinations

0.55 0.84 <0.01 **

**

**

**


0.42 0.01 m>f <0.01 **

**

* **

Legume And Pulse Products And Dishes

0.440.01

m>f 0.03

Mature Legumes And Pulses 0.65 0.37 0.38Mature Legume And Pulse Products And Dishes

0.16 <0.01 m>f 0.01




A – D1

(L1)

A – D1

(L2)

A – D1

(L3)

A – D1

(L4)

B (p value)

B (Result2)

C(p value)

C-D3

(L1)

C-D3

(L2)

C-D3

(L3)

C-D3

(L4)

C-D3

(L5)

C-D3

( L6 )

Notes

Snack Foods 0.10 0.06 <0.01 **

**

**

**

**

*

Potato Snacks 0.21 0.01 m>f <0.01 * **

**

**

Corn Snacks 0.73 0.84 <0.01 **

**

**

* *

Extruded Or Reformed Snacks 0.24 0.46 0.42Pretzels <0.01 *

*<0.01 m>f <0.01 * *

***

**

†

Other Snacks 0.03 * 0.53 0.15Sugar Products And Dishes 0.06 0.19 <0.01 *

***

**

Sugar, Honey And Syrups 0.62 0.18 <0.01 **

**

**

* **

Jam And Lemon Spreads, Chocolate Spreads, Sauces

0.16 0.02 m>f <0.01 **

**

* *


0.08 0.05 m>f 0.08


0.33 <0.01 m>f <0.01 * **

**

**

**


0.33 0.09 <0.01 **

**

**

*

Cereal-, Fruit-, Nut- And Seed-Bars 0.90 0.81 0.16Other Confectionery 0.30 <0.01 m>f <0.01 *

***

**

**

Alcoholic Beverages 0.44 0.18 <0.01 **

**

**

**

Beers . . . †Wines 0.44 0.33 0.01 *Spirits . . . †Other Alcoholic Beverages . . . †Pre-mixed drinks . 0.03 m>f . †

SPECIAL DIETARY FOODS <0.01 **

* 0.60 0.01 * †

Formula Dietary Foods <0.01 **

* 0.60 0.01 * †

Miscellaneous 0.32 0.99 0.81Yeast & Yeast-, Vegetable- And Meat-Extracts

0.06 0.01 m>f <0.01 * **

**

Intense Sweetening Agents 0.91 0.22 0.04 †Herbs, Spices, Seasonings And Stock Cubes

0.32 0.80 0.64

Essences <0.01 **

**

0.19 <0.01 **

**

†

Chemical Raising Agents And Cooking Ingredients

0.56 0.01 f>m 0.01 †

Infant Formulae And Foods <0.01 **

**

<0.01 f>m <0.01 **

**

†

Infant Formulae And Human Breast Milk

<0.01 <0.01 f>m <0.01 †




A – D1

(L1)

A – D1

(L2)

A – D1

(L3)

A – D1

(L4)

B (p value)

B (Result2)

C(p value)

C-D3

(L1)

C-D3

(L2)

C-D3

(L3)

C-D3

(L4)

C-D3

(L5)

C-D3

( L6 )

Notes

Infant Cereal Products . . . †Infant Foods <0.01 0.74 <0.01 †Infant Drinks . . . †

1 see Table A3.1 for key to post-hoc comparisons2 m=males; f=females 3 see Table A3.2 for key to post-hoc comparisons* p value =<0.05, ** p value =<0.01† The number of participants consuming this food was too small for a valid test of statistical significance. Where p


A refers to Tests for age and sex interactionsB refers to Tests for sex main effects (in absence of interaction effect)C refers to Tests for age group main effects (in absence of interaction effect)D refers to Post-hoc comparisons


APPENDIX 4 FOOD GROUPS FOR PORTION SIZE COMPARISON

APPENDIX 4 FOOD GROUPS FOR PORTION SIZE COMPARISON Food group category Foods included in analysis of average portion sizeBread, Cereals, Rice, Pasta, Noodles

Regular Breads and Bread Rolls Breads and bread rolls (white, mixed grain, wholemeal, rye, fibre-increased, not stated as to major flour, fortified)

Cooked pasta Cooked pasta only (plain, flavoured and egg varieties - boiled)Cooked rice Cooked rice only (brown, white, wild, purchased as parboiled - boiled)Vegetables, LegumesCooked Potatoes Cooked potatoes only (Sebago, pale skin, peeled, unpeeled – baked or boiled)Cooked carrots and similar root vegetables

Cooked varieties only of carrots, beetroot, cassava, celeriac, mixed vegetables, parsnip, swede, sweet potato, taro, turnip (canned, peeled, unpeeled –baked, boiled, stir-fried)

Cooked brassica vegetables Cooked varieties only of broccoli, broccoflower, brussels sprout, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, sauerkraut (canned, baked, boiled, stirfried)

FruitApple raw Raw apple only (granny smith, green skin, red skin, peeled, unpeeled)Fruit juice Fruit juice, fruit juice concentrate and fortified juicesDried Fruit, Preserved Fruit Dried fruits (currant, sultana, blueberry, cranberry, mixed berries, apricot, date,

prune, apple, banana, fig, mango, pawpaw, pineapple, dried mixed fruit)Milk, Yogurt, CheeseDairy Milk fluid Cow’s milk, fluid (fat increased, regular fat, reduced fat, skim fat, fortified)Yogurt Natural yoghurt, flavoured yoghurt, cereal added, fruit added, artificially

sweetened (regular fat, reduced fat, skim fat, high fat, unspecified fat)Cheese (hard varieties) cheddar (mild, tasty & vintage), colby, edam, edam, smoked, gouda, haloumi,

havarti, mozzarella, parmesan, pecorino, provolone, romano, Swiss, processed (regular fat, reduced fat, fortified)

Meat, Fish, Poultry, Eggs, Nuts,Legumes

Muscle Meat - cooked Cooked beef (blade/round/rump/sirloin/chuck/topside steak, fillets, mince, stir-fry strips, roast, patty/meatballs), cooked lamb (easy carve shoulder, mince, mini roast, steaks, stir-fry strips, patty/meatballs), cooked pork (butterfly steak, fillets, schnitzel, diced, strips, loin, medallion, mince), cooked veal (steak, stir-fry strips), cooked unspecified muscle meat

Poultry and Feathered Game - cooked

Cooked chicken and turkey (breast, mince, patty)Eggs Chicken eggs - whole, whites, yolks (raw, hard boiled, poached, baked, fried)Extra FoodsSweet biscuits Plain, flavoured, plain with fruit/nuts, fruit filled or fancy, cream filled, chocolate

coated, chocolate chip, other toppingsCakes buns muffins scones Cakes, chocolate cakes, fruit cakes, cupcakes, lamingtons, sponge cakes, cake-

type muffins, scones and rock cakesSoft drinks and flavoured mineral water

Non-cola, cola (caffeinated, decaffeinated, intense sweetened), flavoured mineral waters (including intense sweetened).


GLOSSARY

GLOSSARYWords Description

Alcoholic beverages Refer to the major food group category that encompasses alcoholic beverages (see appendix 1).

Anthropometry The science of measuring the size, weight and proportions of the human body. In this study height, weight and waist circumference were measured from which body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and weight-to-height ratio were calculated.

AUSNUT 2007 A nutrient database developed by FSANZ in collaboration with CSIRO specifically for those foods and supplements consumed during the survey. AUSNUT 2007 contains data for 37 nutrients that are expressed per 100g edible portion (food) or per 100 dosage units (supplements). One dosage unit = 1 tablet or capsule, or 1 ml or 1 g for those liquid or powder supplements.

Body Mass Index (BMI) An indicator of weight status calculated from a child’s average weight and height (formula weight/height2 or kg/m2). Age- (at date of CAPI, rounded to nearest half year) and sex-specific BMI cut offs for normal weight, overweight and obese among children and adolescents were applied to the data (using Table 4 of Cole et al. 2000). For underweight, Grade 3 thinness (corresponding to an adult BMI of 18.5 kg/m2) was used as a cut off (Cole et al. 2007).

Complete dataset The sub-set of participants who completed all tasks, specifically: children aged 2–8 years - waist circumference, height,

weight, 2 days diet recall, and demography, children aged 9–16 years - waist circumference, height,

weight, 2 days diet recall, demography, and 4 days of physical activity recall.

Computer assisted personal interview (CAPI)

A face-to-face computer assisted interview in the home that gathered household demographic data, 24-hour dietary recall, food habits, weight, height and waist circumference measurements, and physical activity recall over 48-hours (children ≥ 9 years). Pedometers were also fitted for children ≥ 5 years.

Computer assisted telephone interview (CATI)

A telephone computer assisted interview conducted 7 to 21 days after the CAPI. The purpose of the CATI was to gather a second 24-hour dietary recall and a second 48 hour physical


GLOSSARY

Words Description

activity recall.

Cereal-based products and dishes

Refer to the major food group category that encompasses cereal-based products and dishes (see appendix 1).

Cereals and cereal products Refer to the major food group category that encompasses cereals and cereal products (see appendix 1).

Confectionery and cereal/nut/fruit/seed bars

Refer to the major food group category that encompasses confectionery and cereal/nut/fruit/seed bars (see appendix 1).

Consumer Refers to only those children who actually consumed the food/beverage specified (excludes children with zero values).

Country of birth The country in which the respondent was born.

Dairy substitutes Refer to the major food group category that encompasses dairy substitutes (see appendix 1).

Dietary supplements Refer to the major food group category that encompasses dietary supplements (see appendix 1).

Egg products and dishes Refer to the major food group category that encompasses egg products and dishes (see appendix 1).

Fats and oils Refer to the major food group category that encompasses fats and oils (see appendix 1).

Fish and seafood products and dishes

Refer to the major food group category that encompasses fish and seafood products and dishes (see appendix 1).

Food habit questionnaire A questionnaire (15 questions long) relating to food habits such as usual consumption of fruits, vegetables, type of milk, use of salt, food security, and earlier infant feeding practices (administered during the CAPI).

Food model booklet A tool to assist with estimation of portion sizes (adapted from United States Department of Agriculture with permission - modified for Australian foods and adapted for children).

The booklet included: Life-size drawings (e.g. mugs, glasses, containers, bowls) Amorphous mounds (e.g. mashed potato, rice or peas) Life sized photographs (e.g. potato chips) Concentric rings, grids and moveable wedge to help

determine three dimensional sizes of irregular foods (e.g. pizza, lasagne or watermelon)


GLOSSARY

Words Description

Photographs to assist with correct identification of products (not portion size) e.g. meat cuts, chocolate, milk drinks, carbonated drinks, juices, yoghurt and muesli/snack bars.

Fruit products and dishes Refer to the major food group category that encompasses fruit products and dishes (see appendix 1).

Height The perpendicular distance (in centimetres) between the transverse plane of the vertex and the inferior aspects of the feet with the head in the Frankfort plane. Height was measured without shoes or thick socks and no stretch was applied. A minimum of two measurements were taken. A third measure was taken where the second measure was not within 5 mm for height. The mean value was used as the final score if two measurements were taken (median value used if three measurements were taken).

Household income The annual income of both parents/carers combined (where applicable) before income tax is taken out.

Indigenous status Of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin.

Infant formulae and foods Refer to the major food group category that encompasses infant formulae and foods (see appendix 1).

Legume and pulse products and dishes

Refer to the major food group category that encompasses legume and pulse products and dishes (see appendix 1).

Major food group The broadest food group classification based on foods of similar biological origin and/or nutritional composition. For mixed foods, the classification generally depends on the major ingredient by weight (for example meat pies are classified as ‘cereal-based products and dishes’. There are 23 major food groups including supplements (see appendix 1).

Meal type Refers to the typical meal occasions breakfast, lunch and dinner, including between meal eating occasions. Arbitrary cut offs were applied to define these meal types based on peaks in grams of intake:

Breakfast: 00:00 to 09:00 hours Lunch: 12:00 to 14:00 hours Evening meal: 18:00 to 20:00 hours Between meals: 09:01 to 11:59 hours, 14:01 to 17:59

hours, and 20:01 to 23:59 hours.


GLOSSARY

Words Description

Mean The mathematical average of a set of values, equal to the sum of the scores divided by the number of scores.

Meat, poultry and game products and dishes

Refer to the major food group category that encompasses meat, poultry and game products and dishes (see appendix 1).

Median The score located at the centre of a distribution (middle value of numerically ordered data).

Milk products and dishes Refer to the major food group category that encompasses milk products and dishes (see appendix 1).

Miscellaneous Refer to the major food group category that encompasses miscellaneous foods stuff (see appendix 1).

Mode/modal The most frequently occurring score in a distribution.

Non-alcoholic beverages Refer to the major food group category that encompasses non-alcoholic beverages (see appendix 1).

Parent/carer education level The highest year of primary or secondary school completed by parent(s)/carer(s) and the highest qualification ever completed (e.g. A postgraduate diploma, or higher, Bachelor degree or Grad Dip, Advanced diploma, diploma, Certificate III/IV (including trade certificate).

Portion size The amount consumed in grams of a particular food in one eating occasion.

Population estimates The descriptive statistics generated (estimated mean, medians, and proportions) after applying population weights to each individual’s data to more closely reflect the whole Australian child population (based on age, sex and region). This weighting corrects for the stratified sampling with non-proportionate sampling used in recruitment.

Place of consumption This is a description of the location where children consumed particular foods. This information was collected during the 24-hour dietary recall for each food recalled (e.g. at home, in an institution such as school, during transport).

Savoury sauces and condiments

Refer to the major food group category that encompasses savoury sauces and condiments (see appendix 1).

Seed and nut products and dishes

Refer to the major food group category that encompasses seed and nut products and dishes (see appendix 1).


GLOSSARY

Words Description

Snack foods Refer to the major food group category that encompasses snack foods (see appendix 1).

Soup Refer to the major food group category that encompasses soup (see appendix 1).

Special dietary foods Refer to the major food group category that encompasses special dietary foods (see appendix 1).

State/territory of residence The State or Territory in which the respondent currently lives.

Sub major food group A broad food group classification based on foods of similar biological origin and/or nutritional composition (next level down from major food group). There are 221 sub major food groups including supplements (see appendix 1).

Sugar products and dishes Refer to the major food group category that encompasses sugar products and dishes (see appendix 1).

24-hour dietary recall An individual's recall of everything eaten and drunk, including water and supplements over a 24-hour period. In this survey it was taken from midnight to midnight.

Vegetable products and dishes

Refer to the major food group category that encompasses vegetable products and dishes (see appendix 1).

Waist circumference The measurement of girth of the waist using a metal measuring tape (Lufkin W606PM) against the skin, or over light clothing. The tape was positioned mid-way between the lower costal (10th rib) border and the top of the iliac crest, in the mid-axillary line, perpendicular to the long axis of the trunk. The measurement was taken at the end of a normal expiration (end-tidal) in a relaxed standing position. A minimum of two measurements were taken. A third measure was taken where the second measure was not within 10 mm for waist girth. The mean value was used as the final score if two measurements were taken (median value if three measurements were taken).

Waist-to-height ratio The relative magnitude of waist girth to height, calculated by dividing the average waist measurement in centimetres by the average height measurement in centimetres.

Weight The force the body exerts in a standard gravitational field. Weight was measured in light indoor clothing (shoes, coats and jumpers removed) using Tanita HD332 portable electronic scales. The participant stood still on the centre of the scales


GLOSSARY

Words Description

without support and with the weight distributed evenly on both feet. A minimum of two measurements were taken. A third measure was taken where the second measure was not within 0.1 kg for weight. The mean value was used as the final score if two measurements were taken (median value if three measurements were taken).


REFERENCESAustralian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) (1998), National Nutrition Survey Nutrient Intakes and Physical Measurements Australia 1995, cat. No. 4805.0, ABS, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) (2003), Household Telephone Connections, Queensland, cat. No. 8159.3.0, ABS, Canberra.

Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) (2008), Telecommunications Today, Report 5: Consumer choice and preference in adopting services, Commonwealth of Australia.

Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH (2000) ‘Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey’, British Medical Journal 320:1240–3.

Cole TJ, Flegal KM, Nicholls DF, Jackson AA (2007) ‘Body mass index cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents’, British Medical Journal 335(7612):194.

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, University of South Australia (2008), 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey, Main Findings, Department of Health and Ageing, Canberra.

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, University of South Australia, I-view Pty Ltd (updated 2010), User Guide: 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey, Department of Health and Ageing, Canberra.

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (2011), The 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey Volume Four: Physical Activity. Department of Health and Ageing, Canberra.

Kellett E, Smith A, Schmerlaib Y. The Australian Guide to Health Eating: background information for nutrition educators. Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. 1998.

Marfell-Jones M, Olds T, Stewart A, Carter L (2006), International standards for anthropometric assessment, Potchefstroom, RSA: North-West University.

National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) (1991) Recommended Dietary Intakes for use in Australia, Canberra, NHMRC (rescinded).

National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) (1994), The Core Food Groups: The scientific basis for developing nutrition education tools, Canberra (rescinded).

National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) (2003), Food for Health, dietary guidelines for children and adolescents in Australia, Canberra, Commonwealth of Australia.


http://www.nrv.gov.au/Glossary.aspx#NHMRC

National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) (2006), Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand, AGPS Canberra,

Olds T, Ridley K, Wake M, Hesketh K, Waters E, Patton G, Williams J, 2007 ‘How should activity guidelines for young people be operationalised?’ International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 4:43.

Ridley K, Olds T, Hill A 2006 ‘The multimedia activity recall for children and adolescents (MARCA): development and evaluation’, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 3(10).


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