A program of ITEST (Information Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers) funded by the National Science Foundation
Background Session #2 Transcription Genetic Code Translation
May 17, 2008Henrik KibakAssociate Professor of BiologyCalifornia State University, Monterey Bay
May 17th Workshop 2
Transcription & Translation
DNA RNA Protein
May 17th Workshop 3
Transcription & Translation
May 17th Workshop 4
Review of Transcription
May 17th Workshop 5
Review of Transcription(Prokaryotes)
May 17th Workshop 6
Review of Transcription
May 17th Workshop 7
Review of TranscriptionGenes and RNA transcripts differ in length!
May 17th Workshop 8
Review of Transcription
May 17th Workshop 9
Review of Translation
May 17th Workshop 10
Review of Translation
May 17th Workshop 11
Review of Genetic Code
May 17th Workshop 12
Amino Acid ReviewTwo of the most important properties of amino acids are their size and “hydrophobicity,” or oilyness. The more hydrophobic a residue, the more hydrogen-bond forming molecules such as water force the residue away.
This causes proteins to fold with their non-polar residues in, away from water… or to become embedded in the lipid bilayer of cell membranes.
May 17th Workshop 13
Review of Genetic Code
May 17th Workshop 14
Review of Genetic Code
May 17th Workshop 15
DNA and Protein Sequences ATGGAACTTATTAAAGAAGATAATGCT
May 17th Workshop 16
DNA and Protein Sequences ATGGAACTTATTAAAGAAGATAATGCT
M E L I K E D N A
May 17th Workshop 17
DNA and Protein Sequences
M E L I K E D N A ATGGAACTTATTAAAGAAGATAATGCTATGGAGTTCATCAAGGAGGACAACGCCATGGAGTTAATAAAAGAAGATAATGCAATGGAGTTGATTAAAGAAGATAATGCG
Met Glu Leu Ile Lys Glu Asp Asn Ala M E L I K E D N AATG GAA CTT ATT AAA GAA GAT AAT GCT G T C C G G C C C A A A G G
May 17th Workshop 18
Review of Genetic Code
May 17th Workshop 19
mRNA ProteinHuman Cytochrome c mRNA Translated to Protein
M G D V E K G K K I F I M K C S Q C H T AUG GGU GAU GUU GAG AAA GGC AAG AAG AUU UUU AUU AUG AAG UGU UCC CAG UGC CAC ACC
V E K G G K H K T G P N L H G L F G R K GUU GAA AAG GGA GGC AAG CAC AAG ACU GGG CCA AAU CUC CAU GGU CUC UUU GGG CGG AAG
T G Q A P G Y S Y T A A N K N K G I I W ACA GGU CAG GCC CCU GGA UAC UCU UAC ACA GCC GCC AAU AAG AAC AAA GGC AUC AUC UGG
G E D T L M E Y L E N P K K Y I P G U K GGA GAG GAU ACA CUG AUG GAG UAU UUG GAG AAU CCC AAG AAG UAC AUC CCU GGA ACA AAA
M I F V G I K K K E E R A D L I A Y L K AUG AUC UUU GUC GGC AUU AAG AAG AAG GAA GAA AGG GCA GAC UUA AUA GCU UAU CUC AAA
K A T N E - AAA GCU ACU AAU GAG UAA
May 17th Workshop 20
Introns, Exons, & Untranslated Regions
>Cytochrome c somatic range=chr7:25129845-25131480 AGGGCGCGGGAGCGCGGAGCGAGTTTGGTTGCACTTACACCGGTACTTAAGCGCGGACCGGCGTGTCCTTGGACTTAGAGAGTGGGGACGTCCGGCTTCGGAGCGGGAGTGTTCGTTGTGCCAGCGACTAAAAAGAGgtgagagcgggtcgcggaggccgcacctggttagaggcagagctgtgggaggcgcgcacttgcgagcgaccgaaacccaagcggggagcattcgagtggagcccgcgctgggtgggagggcggggagtgaagaccctggactgtggtcagaccgagctgggcgagtaacggcttgaggtgcggcggagccctaactagggacaggtatggtctcggtcagggactggaggcggcttggatacagatccgaggaggaggcggcctcttccgtagtggttgctgaagggctatggaaatgataggcaagacttccctcctggaaagccgaagcttagagcttcacgttcttcttcagagggcaaaagctgttgctcttctaataaggggccagttcttttcgtgggcacatgtttcttccgtcagtcgttctgacatcctagaaggagtttcatcaatcaccttgaaaccgacctggacgggtgacctcgtggtcgccccaggagatcacaggtaggggagttgggatgtccccgggggaccgtgcagcctgcccctgagctcccattcacaagttcgagtgtcaagctactcctgtgacctgggcagatagaaacagccaggaccgctttttaaacatttgtgtgctttgcgttatcctcagggagaggtggctttacattgtagtaagattaaatggttaggtctttttaaaagttgcggttgtggtgattttggcttaatgtgttcgcccttgagcttcagatctgtgacttcgtgaccatgattgtctcttctgaaactggagtttgaattaggttccctctttgcttgggctttaacgttccttcacgtatacacacaaaaatacgtttttgaggaggtactcctaaaaatgtttttggtattaaagaatatttggtataaagagtattaaagcaaaacaagattcattctggtatttaatgacataaattagcaatggattggtaattaagtggctagagtggtcattcatttacactgtatttgttacctgaggaaaaatttactaagttgaagctttcgtttttagAATTAAATATGGGTGATGTTGAGAAAGGCAAGAAGATTTTTATTATGAAGTGTTCCCAGTGCCACACCGTTGAAAAGGGAGGCAAGCACAAGACTGGGCCAAATCTCCATGGTCTCTTTGGGCGGAAGACAGGTCAGGCCCCTGGATACTCTTACACAGCCGCCAATAAGAACAAAGgtaagagtcacttgttaaataaaacaacacaaaatgcaggaatataacatgtggcaaactatcaggagtgtgaaataaccgatgcattctttcttgtttagGCATCATCTGGGGAGAGGATACACTGATGGAGTATTTGGAGAATCCCAAGAAGTACATCCCTGGAACAAAAATGATCTTTGTCGGCATTAAGAAGAAGGAAGAAAGGGCAGACTTAATAGCTTATCTCAAAAAAGCTACTAATGAGTAA
Actual gene sequence of Human Cytochrome c including introns and 5’ untranslated region taken directly from chromosome 7 genomic sequence.
The blue portion of sequence becomes the mature mRNA (some 3’ untranslated sequence left off for clarity).
May 17th Workshop 21
Reading Framescgtttttag AATTAAATATGGGTGATGTTGAGAAAGGCAAGAAGATTTTTATTATGAAGTGTTCCCAGTGCCACACCGTTGAAAAGGGAGGCAAGCACAAGACTGGGCCAAATCTCCATGGTCTCTTTGGGCGGAAGACAGGTCAGGCCCCTGGATACTCTTACACAGCCGCCAATAAGAACAAAG gtaagagtcacttg
May 17th Workshop 22
Reading FramescgtttttagAATTAAATATGGGTGATGTTGAGAAAGGCAAGAAGATTTTTATTATGAAGTGTTCCCAGTGCCACACCGTTGAAAAGGGAGGCAAGCACAAGACTGGGCCAAATCTCCATGGTCTCTTTGGGCGGAAGACAGGTCAGGCCCCTGGATACTCTTACACAGCCGCCAATAAGAACAAAGgtaagagtcacttgttaaataaaacaacacaaaatgcaggaatataacatgtggcaaactatcaggagtgtgaaataaccgatgcattctttcttgtttagGCATCATCTGGGGAGAGGATACACTGATGGAGTATTTGGAGAATCCCAAGAAGTACATCCCTGGAACAAAAATGATCTTTGTCGGCATTAAGAAGAAGGAAGAAAGGGCAGACTTAATAGCTTATCTCAAAAAAGCTACTAATGAGTAA
If we translate the whole segment we get no open reading frames….
May 17th Workshop 23
Open Reading Frames are Rare… (so they probably indicate a gene). AATTAAATATGGGTGATGTTGAGAAAGGCAAGAAGATTTTT
ATTATGAAGTGTTCCCAGTGCCACACCGTTGAAAAGGGAGGCAAGCACAAGACTGGGCCAAATCTCCATGGTCTCTTTGGGCGGAAGACAGGTCAGGCCCCTGGATACTCTTACACAGCCGCCAATAAGAACAAAG GCATCATCTGGGGAGAGGATACACTGATGGAGTATTTGGAGAATCCCAAGAAGTACATCCCTGGAACAAAAATGATCTTTGTCGGCATTAAGAAGAAGGAAGAAAGGGCAGACTTAATAGCTTATCTCAAAAAAGCTACTAATGAGTAA
