Backhaul for Micro-Cellular Architectures

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Backhaul for Micro-Cellular Architectures

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Agenda

 Current Status of the Market  RAN Trends  Emerging Solutions  Conclusions


Current Status of the Market


The Need for Consistent Experience Growing data demand

Bands above 1 GHz

Worse propagation

More base stations

Higher CAPEX & OPEX

Cost reduction

Smaller cells

New sources of revenue

Differentiation

Network components Services DUMB

PIPES

Operator Country Average

Traffic per Subscriber

Yota Russia 12.7 GB/Month

Packet One Networks Malaysia 7.9 GB/

Month

Comstar Russia 7.2 GB/Month

Clearwire US 7 GB/Month

Tatung Taiwan 7 GB/Month

Enforta Russia 3 - 10 GB/Month

SK Telecom Korea 2 GB/Month


Network Component Differentiation   QoS supported by the technology

  What about the deployment?   One size does not fit all   Differentiation implies consistent experience

Architecture Orientative Cell size Capacity Configuration Scalability

Macro 5 km - 100 km Multisector Split mount Pluggable cards

Micro 500 m - 5 km Single sector All-outdoor, can be handled by 1

person

Units can be chained

Pico < 500 m Single sector Outdoor or

indoor, easy wall mounting

No special features

Femto < 60 m Single sector

Desktop access point

User access restriction


Today’s WiMAX Microcell Backhaul   APAC: fibre and microwave equal. Largest number of microcells.

  CALA: mainly fibre.

  Europe and MEA: predominantly microwave as expected.

  North America: unlike with macrocells, slightly more microwave than fiber


RAN Trends


4G Heterogeneous Networks   Femto/picocells already supported in LTE and WiMAX.

  Improved support with LTE-A and IEEE 802.16m

Requirement RRH Microcell (Hotzone) Relay Station

Backhaul Fibre Fibre/Wireless In-band

Speed of deployment Slow Fast Very fast

CAPEX Medium Low Low

(Re-) Location flexibility

Medium High (LOS requirement)

Very high (NLOS requirement)

Load balancing Impossible Multiple links needed Impossible

OPEX Low Low Spectrum cost

Macro capacity impact

None None Reduction

Source: R1-084026 Evaluation methodology, LTE Advanced. Femtocells are also considered in the specification, but have been removed for more clarity.


Remote Radio Heads (RRH)

WiM

AX

WiM

AX

RRH

Indoor rack

RRH RRH

LTE

Delay difference

40 km max.

Source: 4GGear Service


Relay Stations (RS)

Dow

nlink U

plink

BS Tx & Rx RS Tx & Rx f

t Source: 4GGear Service

  Two relaying options   In-band: same channel for relaying, Time Domain Relaying.   Adjacent-band: different channel with same access technology.

  Specification IEEE 802.16j added in-band RS support   Not addressed by the WiMAX Forum.   Proprietary implementations in the market.

  Two operation modes   Tranparent   Non-transparent


Emerging Solutions


Microcells of the Future

Standardized backhaul

Mesh SON (Self Organizing

Networks)

Common backhaul for 2G-3G microcells

Especially in harsh environments

Remote locations

Marine and in-flight applications

The model to follow:

Service 1 Service 2 LTE / WiMAX

Integrated Microcell and

multiradio backhaul

Satellite link

Source: 4GGear Service


End User = Microcell Driver Vending Machine “Street femtocell” Unified M2M backhaul

IM during events Accurate LBS


Conclusions   Data growth explosion

  One size does not fit all

  Microcell market still developing

  Need for operators to involve users

  Three complementary backhaul options:   Fiber (RRH)   In-band or adjacent band (relay)   Microwave or satellite (microcell itself)

  Future microcells   Mesh topology   Standardized backhaul


About 4Ggear: The 4G Equipment Analysis Service


Contact Information 410 rue des Recollets, Suite 301 Montreal, QC, H2Y 1W2 CANADA

[email protected]

www.maravedis-bwa.com

(305) 992-3196

(514) 313-5465

Solving the Microcell Backhaul Problem

DragonWave Proprietary Information

About DragonWave   Leading supplier of high capacity packet microwave equipment   Carrier-grade p-t-p solutions, already deployed for 4G backhaul

carrying video, voice & data   Customers include: Operators, ISPs, government agencies,

enterprises and OEM to global mobile infrastructure vendor

Page 2


Why small cells?

Cell Size (m)

Tota

l Net

wor

k C

apac

ity (N

orm

aliz

ed)

Cell Size vs. Network Capacity

More network capacity More users supported Greater backhaul challenge Greater equipment costs Greater network management Better indoor coverage

Opposite of above, plus Lower revenue

Page 3


Looking Forward

  Mobile operators driven toward microcell network topologies to deliver higher mobile access bandwidths. There are two avenues to achieve this:

1.  Higher frequency access spectrum delivering limited propagation/coverage performance (i.e. 2.6 GHz for LTE, 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz)

2.  Limited narrow-band spectrum pushed to delivering high capacity/area

  Microcell deployments need a backhaul solution;   Cost effective, quick to deploy, high bandwidth, low latency, all

outdoor   [previously] the only BH option: fiber

Page 4


MicroCell Layer is “Incremental” to a Metro Build-out

MacroCellular Layer

Macrocell Hub Site MicroCellular Layer

Page 5


What are we trying to solve?   Effective & affordable microcells:

  Flexible outdoor access cell (underlay or in-fill) o  Integrated, weather-proof & compact o  Pole, wall mount or roof top

  Rapid deployment o  Fiber – too slow & expensive to deploy o  Radio – ideal, but must choose efficient spectrum usage

  High capacity & scalable o  40 – 50 Mbps cell capacity o  100s Mbps for aggregated links

  IP-based: o  HSPA+ or LTE o  WiMax (fixed or mobile) o  WiFi, WiBro, …

  Flexible architecture & topology   Low total cost of ownership

Page 6


µCell Wireless Backhaul Spectrum Options

  Consumes valuable access spectrum

  Uses TDD technology (typically)   Low capacity (50 Mbps FD per

subnet) o  Requires many metro off-load

locations ($)   Capacity further reduced by TDD

co-ordination with access layer   Tough co-ordination problems   Very high delay   Very high delay variability

  Adds network TDD synchronization problem

  Does not consume valuable access spectrum

  Requires access to OOB spectrum (e.g. 24 GHz UL, 26, 32 or 42 GHz)

  Uses FDD technology   Very high capacity (400 Mbps FD

per subnet, up to 1000 Mbps FD with DW compression) o  Requires very few metro off-

load locations   Easy co-ordination, due to

reduced interference   Very low delay & delay-variability

  TDD synchronization is limited to access layer only

In-band Backhaul Out-of-band Backhaul

Page 7


Microcell OOB BH Frequencies of Interest Band Licensed? Notes* µCell BH

Applicable? 3.5 GHz Y Limited spectrum, TDD (delay), limited directionality Maybe 6-8 GHz Y 60cm min antenna, difficult to license in dense metro N 11 GHz Y 60cm min antenna, difficult to license in dense metro N 18 GHz Y 30cm min antenna N 23 GHz Y 30cm min antenna N 24 GHz DEMS Y Y 24 GHz UL N Short range Y 26 GHz Y Y 28 GHz Y Y 32 GHz Y Y 42GHz Y In some European countries Y 60 GHz N Very short range Y 70/80 GHz (E-band) Y (light) 30cm min antenna N

*Antenna sizes, based on meeting ETSI mask

Page 8


Microcell Backhaul Subnet Topologies

1.  Multipoint Hub   Requires LoS to all subtended

end-sites o  Could also use daisy-chains to

increase LoS connectivity options

  Has low delay (1-hop) and low delay variability

  End-sites have simple, lowest cost BH unit config

  Capacity at the hub is equal to the Σ of end-site link capacities

  Links are unhardened

1.  Ring/mesh   Requires LoS only to adjacent

nodes o  Could also use spur shots to increase

LoS connectivity options

  Has higher delay (~ 6 – 8 hops) and delay variability

  End-sites have east-west radios, integrated switching

  Overall subnet capacity is East+ West link capacities, or 2x ~ 400 Mbps (256QAM, 56 MHz)

  Self-healing, re-routing … therefore has hardened links, better availability than PtMP

Page 9


Micro-cell Backhaul Subnet Topologies 1.  PtMP Hub

2.  Hybrid PtMP with daisy chained extensions/spur links

3.  Ring/mesh

4.  Hybrid Ring/Mesh with spur links

Page 10


Integrated Microcell Unit Design Considerations   Single box solutions (BH, AP & switch integrated)

  Planning regulation “friendliness” is crucial   Compact & modular with multiple mounting options   Reduced cost of installation

o  Simple, lightweight, low parts count o  Easy alignment, auto-self test

  Need to be able to weave back-and-forth up the streets   Typically 5-8m above ground level   Mains powered

  Sites do not typically need “omni” visibility, need to see up and down [gridded] streets

  Compatibility with municipal zoning requirements

Page 11


Product Concept: Integrated Microcell Unit (IMU)   IMU Leverages DragonWave’s highly integrated, all-

outdoor technology   Downtown/Dense-Urban sub-networks need flexible

deployment tools   Ring, constrained-mesh, hub-and-spoke, daisy-chaining, etc.   Leverages DragonWave metro-Ethernet-know-how

  The IMU is:   A micro-cell network “enabler”   An all-outdoor, integrated access, switching and backhaul node that

allows operators to rapidly build out high performance microcellular network solutions

  Exploits DragonWave proprietary technology to achieve performance and functionality not currently available

Page 12


The Solution – Integrated Microcell Unit

Page 13


Integrated Microcell Unit Benefits Summary Feature Benefit

Microcell Off-load high data-rate traffic from macro network Better building penetration Lower cost / higher area capacity than macros

Integrated Single, simple, unobtrusive installation

Lamp post mounted Single landlord negotiation (and source of revenue for local authorities)

Microwave backhaul (out-of-band)

Rapid installation Low CAPEX & OPEX Easy alignment Maximum capacity & easiest integration

Hybrid ring/mesh Reduce line-of-site requirement Flexible architecture Protection from link failure

Up to 4 BH microwaves Ring, spur & macro interconnect from a single site

Page 14


Summary   Microcellular mobile network design will be essential in HSPA+

& 4G network deployments   Spectral re-use and/or building penetration   More connected customers, more capacity   Higher performance services and applications

  Packet microwave can solve the backhaul problem   Out of band backhaul required

  Backhaul spectrum compatible with miniature antennas   Highly integrated modular solution required

  Microcell access point, OOB backhaul and switching   Hybrid ring/mesh/spur subnets required for deployable

network   Compact, modular, integrated microcell is a reality

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