BacteriaOur little friends…

Prokaryotes•Cells without a nucleus

•Bacteria•________

Prokaryotes•2 kingdoms-–Eubacteria–___________

Eubacteria•Protective cell wall•Can have 1-2 layer

membrane in cell Wall.•Found everywhere•____________

Cyanobacteria•Most important Eubacteria

•Blue-green pigment, no chloroplasts

•Found in _________

Archaebacteria•Lack Eubacteria carbohydrate in cell wall (____________)

•Oxygen free living aka.. ____________

•Live in extremes salt, acid & temp.

Identification•_______•Cell wall•________

Shape•Rod- ________ (plural)

-bacillus (singular)

Shape•Round- ________ •Staphylococcus epidermidis

•Chains/clumps/pairs

Shape•Spiral- ________•Leptospira•syphilis

Cell Wall•Gram stain- Hans Gramm–Blue- gram (+) 1layer –Red- gram (-) 2 layers1layer- Carbohydrates 2 layer- lipid Membrane

Movement•Flagella- 1 or more•______-hairs•Gliding- slimelayer•Some don’t move

Getting Energy•Autotrophs–__________–Chemotroph

Getting Energy•Heterotrophs–Chemotrophic…–___________…

-use both light and organics

Respiration•Obligate ________–Must have O2

•Obligate _________–Poisoned by O2

Clostridium botulinum•Ex. Of Anaerobe•Grows and produce toxins

•Botulism causes paralysis

•__________ Anaerobes–Don’t need O2

–Aren’t poisoned by O2

Reproduction•Binary FissionGenetic Recombination•Trasformation,

Transduction•__________- Pili•Spore formation endospore

Growth•Some can reproduce in 20 minutes

•How many in 24 hours?

Importance of Bacteria

•Used to make foods–Cheese–Yogurt–Pickles

Other uses of bacteria•Oil spill cleanup•Water __________•Making drugs ex.

»E.Coli & insulin

Bacteria and YOU!•____________–Intestines E. Coli–Skin–Mouth

Bacteria All Around•Nutrient flow–Bacteria recycle and decompose dead material!!! What would happen if no bacteria

___________•Name for bacteria which decompose complex organic molecules into soil and nutrients

•Ex. Fish Tanks–Ammonia-> Nitrites–Nitrites-> Nitrates–Clean fish water

Sewage Decomposition

Nitrogen ________•All Living things need Nitrogen

•N2 in the atmosphere is not usable

•Cyanobacteria can make nitrogen usable

•“Nitrogen Fixation”•________ in beans nodulescrop rotation

Diseases from Viruses and Bacteria

________•Disease producing agents..

•Can include more than just viruses and bacteria

Virus caused disease•HIV•Mumps•Yellow fever•Common cold

Small Pox

Polio- causes muscle function loss

measles

Influenza

Rabies

Cancer•Oncogenic viruses•Rous sarcoma virus in chickens

Bacteria Caused Diseases

Diptheria

Tetanus- causes severe muscle contraction

Hansen disease-leprosy

Cholera

Bubonic Plague

Prevention and Control

Antibiotics•Can attack bacterial cells

Sterilization•Fire•Disinfectant- lysol•Radiation

Food Processing•Refrigeration•Cooking•Preservatives- salt vinegar…