Submitted to:

Dr.Muhammad Naeem RajputAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Livestock ManagementFaculty of A.H & Vet SciencesSAU,Tandojam

Dairy Production ( LM-303)

Submitted by:Group Leader:Naeem Baloch ( 2K12-AV-122)

Members: Waqar Ahmed ( 2k12-AV-162) Waja Irfan ( 2k12-AV-182) Kamran Bugti ( 2k12-AV-102) Shakeel Ahmed ( 2k12-AV-150) Irfan Ali Chandio ( 2k12-AV-94) SanaUllah ( 2k12-AV- 147 Sharjeel Ahmed (2k12-AV-152) Nayyer Hussain ( 2k12-AV-177 Sajjad Jokhio ( 2k12-AV-144

Topic:Bacterial and Viral Diseases And

Their Prevention

Common Terms: Disease: Any condition that cause the systems of animal to not function

properly. Bacteria: Single cells organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by

fission. Viruses: Infectious agents that replicates itself only within cells of living host. Mastitis: Inflammation of udder. Abortion: termination of pregnancy Tuberculosis: Infection transmitted by ingestion of tubercle bacilli Anthrax: Highly infectious disease Zoonotic: Diseases which are spread to humans De-Hydration: Removal of water from body Lameness: Disability of walking Calf: Young cattle Heifer: Young Cow Vaccination: Taking vaccine as precaution against disease Cloven-Foot: A hoof divided into two parts

Bacterial Diseases & PreventionAnthraxAbortionMastitisTuberculosisCalf Scours

Anthrax:Caused by Bacterium BacillusZoonoticCause high morality rateProduce spores on contact with oxygenPrevention:VaccinationAntibioticDisposal of dead animalsGeneral hygiene

Anthrax

AbortionAbortion is the expulsion of a premature

feotus ZoonoticSpread through contactAbortion in 5th to 7th month of pregenancyPrevention:VaccinationRegular testing of herdGood farm hygieneRearing all replacement heifers

Abortion

MastitisBacterial disease of udderInfection occurs through teat canalDue to bad hygieneTwo types: clinical and sub-clinicalCaused by nearly 20 different bacteriaPrevention:Hygienic housing conditionsKeeping milking machine spotlessly cleanWash teat before milkingClean teat cups between cows with hot water

Mastitis

TuberculosisCaused by Mycobacterium bovusAffects all types of cattleZoonoticClinical signs include weakness, loss of appetite,

weight loss, diaherrea.Can be transmitted through raw milkPrevention:Good farm hygieneNo drinking from streamsPasteurization of milkTreatment of infected animals

Tuberculosis

Calf SocursMost important disease problem in dairy calves Causes more financial loss to the calf producerCaused by bad hygiene or feeding management

or bothPREVENTION:Good hygieneClean beddingSeparate sick calvesVaccinating pregnant cattleBlood test for antibody level

Calf Scours

Viral diseases & PreventionFoot and mouth diseaseBovine viral diarrhea RinderpestBlue tongueRabies

Foot and Mouth DiseaseHigh communicable disease effecting cloven footed

animalsCharacterized by fever, formation of vesicles and blisters

in the mouth, udder and on the skin between the toes and above the hoofs.

Symptoms include high fever , vesicles appear in mouth and lameness

Prevention:Vaccination at an interval of six monthsSeparation of sick animalsDisinfection of animal shedsProper disposal of left over feedControl of vector flies

Foot & Mouth Disease

Bovine viral diarrhea

Caused by BVD Virus. BVD is common cause of respiratory and

reproductive issues. Signs of acute infection include fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, ocular discharge, diarrhea and decreasing milk production.

Prevention:cull infected animalsvaccination

Bovine viral diarrhea

Rinderpestdistintive of the viral diseases. the virus is

found notable in the saliva, discharge from eyes and nostrils and in urine and feaces

Usually spread by contaminated feed or water.

PREVENTION:using penicillinintestinal antiseptics

Rinderpest

Blue TongueBlue tongue is viral disease of cattlespread by insect vectorsCharacterized by fever, widespread hemorrhages of

oral and nasal tissue, excessive salivation, and nasal discharge

Cannot be spread without presence of insect vectorPREVENTION:Using a combination of quarantine and movent

control to prevent spread.Controlling vectorsZoning to define infected and disease free areas

Blue Tongue

RabiesCaused by rabies virus ZoonoticThe clinical signs in this condition include decreased

milk production, and feed intake may drop gradually before rapidly falling and cows may look very alert staring at objects.

Transmitted by bite from an infected animalPREVENTION:VaccinationExamination of cows mouth should be done with

glovesBy limiting number of wild animals carrying virus

Rabies