Bacterial MeningitisBy: Lauren Powell

What is Bacterial Meningitis?• Inflammation of the meninges

ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitis

What bacteria(s) cause it?Age Group Causes

Newborn Group B Streptococci, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes

Infant Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae

Children N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae

Adult S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, Mycobacteria

http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/about/causes.html

(http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/about/causes.html)

Neisseria meningitidis• Anti-phagocytic polysaccharide capsule• Surface proteins

http://www.textbookofbacteriology.net/neisseria.html

How N. meningitidis enters the meninges

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2830671/?tool=pubmed

Is bacterial meningitis contagious?• Spread by respiratory

or throat secretions

Http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/about/faq.html

Image: www.ewu.edu/x52254.xml

People at High Risk• Children under 5• Living in close contact • Immunocompromised• Severe head trauma or chronic infection

https://www1.qiagen.com/GeneGlobe/PathwayView.aspx?pathwayID=50

http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/about/risk-factors.html

Image:www.kuyper.edu/StudentLife/housing.aspx

Symptoms• Fever, headache, stiff neck• Infants: inactivity, vomiting, irritability, poor

feeding

http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/about/faq.html

Image: http://www.abpischools.org.uk/res/coResourceImport/resources04/diseases/images/meningitis.jpg

How to Diagnose?

•Grow bacteria from cerebrospinal fluid▫spinal tap

http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/about/faq.html

Image: http://adventures.worldnomads.com/uploadimages/spinaltap-banner.jpg

Treatment• Antibiotics

▫Cephalosporins, Penicillin-type antibiotics, & Aminoglycoside drugs

• Corticosteroids• Prophylaxis

▫Rifampin, Cipro, & Rocephin

http://www.everydayhealth.com/meningitis/using-antibiotics-to-treat-meningitis.aspxhttp://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/lung/meningitis.html#Imagedic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ruwiki/1030251

Resistance• THREAT!• Certain strains resistant to penicillin

http://www.everydayhealth.com/meningitis/using-antibiotics-to-treat-meningitis.aspx

Image: http://itech.dickinson.edu/chemistry/?cat=65

Complications• Hearing loss, learning disability, paralysis• Severe cases: brain damage, coma, or death

http://www.dhpe.org/infect/Bacmeningitis.html

image: wwwsodahead.com/.../question-781593/

Prevention• Routine Immunization• Good hygiene

http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/lung/meningitis.html#Image: http://www.tulsa-health.org/media/images/Bacterial%20Men%20Table.gif

Developed vs. Developing Countries

• Developed▫3 per 100,000 annually

• Developing▫Epidemics▫Sub-Saharan Africa: 500 per 100,000 annually

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitis

♦ "Meningitis belt"♦ epidemic zones♦ sporadic cases http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningiti

s

Public Health Response (WHO)

•Epidemic Preparedness•Epidemic Response

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs141/en/

Image:www.msf.org.uk/meningitis.focus

Bibliography• http://www.faqs.org/health/topics/59/Antibiotics.html• http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1370/is_n7_v25/ai_1134863

6/

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemophilus_influenzae• http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/global.html• http://www.ct.gov/dph/cwp/view.asp?a=3136&q=388352 • http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0903696.html