' N am e M orphology C ulture ldentification Virulence D iseases M ode of T reatm ent Prophylu is' Factors T ransm ition

Staphylococcus O +.ve. cooci arrangr.d - Simple nutlient . Catalax +v* - Staphyloœagulase 1- Ixçalized :111n inf; - Penicillins BUr:in grape likx cluslers m e ia - Coagizlasc +ve .clumpinir factor - folliuulitis, fum noles, * penicillitz rzsist

au reu s .- Bloed agar : golden - Clumping factor +ve - Protzin A càro ncles or abscesses SAyeliow coloaies - Hemolysilz (a toxin) - postopemtive wound * M çthtcillinsurroundeö witil - lnvaxing: Lm cocidiw inf re:ist SAcom plde lzem olyKi: i'taphylokinax , - w um atic w ound inf * Vancem ycin- M annitol e t agar : hyaluronidase. 2- st pnmm zenia rvsist SAyellew cololties ' - Exd exins with 3- lnvasiv: contûtierw:

superantigcng mcch: br terem la septicem ia* Ent4rotoxilu zk- Tcxin m odiatod dis.:# TSST - food poisoning* Epid:rm olytic T. - toxic shock Bynd.

- St. Bcalded skin s d.

Sy eptococcus G +ve cecci arranged - Blood asar: - (latalax -ve - M prottin 1- P giti. . Penigiilin To provent rp eatodin chains er pab coloi es arç sm all - p'owtil inhibited by - Fibroncdin-binding 2. Scarld fever rheum atic ntfnelks:

.P.Y*RenCS surrounded by zones bacitracin protein ( Prettin F) & 3- Skin & sott tissue inf: - Ixmg adingorcompldc (B) - Agglutite on by lipoteiglloic acid impdlgo, celluiites & perlicillinhem olysis group A antibody - C5a peptlda.x erysipelag. - Elytha m ycin- 5 % COz ' - Hyalurortk açid .4- lnvaeive strgpt irtt::

cap ule # Ptufpural fever- llw.sind : * Acute endocarditis* Strtptokinasç # N :crotizing Fu ciitis* Hyaluronidmse * Toxic shock synd.

, * bluczttas.s r- Poat-#te pt. seqtldle;e Streptolysin # acute rizeurnatic fever

- Pyrogenic exotoxins # acutoom etulone hritis w

Streptococcus (3 +ve, lancet shapedy . Blx d agar: - Qudling ust 4.vœ Polysaccharido capsulq - Pneumoniw mO ingitis - Dropld irdkdion - Ceftriaxoll: . Capaularcap:ulated dlplococci colonizs ahow (a ) .ortlwth inllibited by & otitig media are th; 3 polyu cclmride

pneum ono e that may rorm short lxmolysis optocin lmjor diszases vacdne(Pneu.m OCR ci) lzains - sitlusitis - New pneumococcalC

* conjtmdivitis conjugat: vacoine- endocarditis

N elaseria G -ve cocçi arrange,d - Chngolatç agary. - Oltidnme .f've - Piki > Oononiloeea - Scxua1 coutact w Celhiaxene - ltepeated infedionsh: pairs with adjacent - modifed ''l-tlayer- - Olucose fenn with - Oute membrane - Neonxtml coqjuactivitia - neonataj altllough antibodies

gonorrh4wae uidts jlattened to give Martin modia (MTM) acid proi protging - Vtllvovaginitig conjundivitis oocurs ar* preduceikidney or coffee bqan - 5-10% CO1 - Outer membran: porin - Pelvic inflammatory at time ef deiivery - Neonat oonj.;appearanc: - Lipo-oligosaccharides diseu es eov rom yoin eyo

- IgA1 protease - dissem inated ointm emonococcal infedion

N elaserla G -ve cocçi arransed - Blood agar - Ozdasz +ve . Polysaccharide - M ûningitim - Dropld iltfedion - Cehriaxone Polyvalc t vaccine:* .du in pairg with adjacent - Chocolate agar. - Glucoxe and maltose cwsule, - meningococcal - bivalent (poup A

menin, siàs nattened to givo - modifigd enlayer- fmn with acid prod. - Lipo-polp acchazide badwxmia. & C), quudrivalent .

kidney or cotre: b4an M artin modia (M TM ) - Piti (W YAC)appoarance - 5-1:% C(h - lgAl protease Clw moproplx;

rifam idn

Corynebacterlum G +.ve ciub-ghaped - Blood Rgar - Colonie: are - Diphthztia exotodn Diplc eria - Dropfd infediön - Dïph, Antitoxin - Dîphflteria toxoidbacilti, arrarlgod at - Dxm er's serum v oy/blaqk on tellurito (A-B strudure) from caniet or omse. - Peniçillin /dl

phthe6ae acute anglea or m odia. agar, A fram ent initibits ptn erytllrcm ycinaralld to eaoh other. - blood g llurite a ar - ToZ enicit îestin ,: s tllesi: leadin to cell . - Res irato

l

resem bling Cbbzese Elek tesk tissue culture deatlz, ''* - support

ldters. cytotoxioity tzsts, PCR Caruiac ms ankl 9*'

- M ethylene blue ' and ELISA cranial n. are senaitivestain gjvo a to îoxin.characteristic beadod

a eafu oe

B acHlus Jzl//jrm fa G + KpGw fonning - Simple nutrient asar - Capsule Antlvax: - Cutmpous : . . .bacilti, nonm otile, - Blood agar - Anthrax toxin (A-B Cutarwous anthrax lundling infedcdcapsulated and M durc) cQnsists ofi lrjtegtinal anthrax materials.arranged in chaùls. Oedema fador (EF) Pulmonaty anthrax - Intost'tnal: eating

IX''tIN'û fador (LF) infeded meat.Protçctive antigon (PA) - Pulmonarv:N.B.; usçd in inhalins spore Iadw.nbid errcdsm . dtlst

Ctostridlum G +ve large - Anaqrobic cultute - fm uent sugars with - Alpha-toxin - Gag zlngr:ne (cl. - corrmd anaerobicrtdangular bacilli - Blood agar: acid and gas prod, - 'lxeta-toxin Myonecregis) conditioluperfringens 'with oval sub- sum m nded bv - Storm v clot readion - ethers: hem olvsin. - Apaerobic cellulites. - Hypœbaric Ozterm inal noa-buiging com pletu henw lysi; - Nagler's rtadion (24)111:::11a.22. protease., .. - Food poisonlng - at i-alpha toxin8 es. antismvm

Clostrldium td anl O +ve bacilli, with - zu acobic culture - Tetanospasmiu : - Tdmlq,: Lacvrations or small . Humarktdanus - Tdanu: toxoidbulging tem linal - Simple and cooked neurctoxin acts on CNS 1. Clmlerkiged t puncture wounds immunoglobulin ( patt ef DPT )spores giving mem mtdi. block reloase or (dgxending) contaraittm d witik (HTIG).drum stick appcarance - Blood agar: ' inhibitory 2.N eonxfnI t C. tdani spores . l4cal

com plvu hem olysis n:urc4rM:snlittors 3. Locatizcd t. dobridm etrtIxodudng gtneralized tasixndingl - M dronidazolomklsclllar : u m s. 4. Ce halic t.

Clostrldiutn O +ve bacilli motile - Atlaœobic o'ulture Tiz mogt etrective way . Botulzum toxin: - Food-bonw botulism: . Foodvborne Trivaknt (& B.E)with oval subterminal to çenflrm diagnosig i: VG 1*t*t toxinz lealting to thœ id botulism :ingtstien antitoxinbotuanumspores to dded tlw toz n in qpçcific for nçz've paralp is. llapidly fnfll of prefom w d toxiœ

$er1.111:, fa.eces or food endinp at - lafaat bom lixm : - Infant botalismrçrnnantâ. lwttromastularjunctiocs çongtipatiow weak :ingestion of tho

whrr: it inhibit.s telease suckling & w:qknesa. A1l spores thatof ace lcholilw leading casag recover germ inate in the gut

' to tlaccid aral sig.

ClostrA um 0 +ve glxlre fonning - Anaerobic cuiturz Ddedion f)f C, diflldle - Toxin A: enterotoxin - Pxudcftumbranous - W ithdrawimcilli toxin in stoolg - Toxin B: cytotoxin colitis and antibiotic Musativediffwlle

associated diazrhoea aptlbiotic. anti C.difrdnzgs. cbrreddehydration.> anîidiarrhoealNOT be taken X

M ycobacterlum Slender acid-alcohol elxwensteinelensen: . Niacin predudion. - Mycolic acids. - Human tuberculogiK - Pulmonary T.B: - Fifxt-litm drugs: - BCG vaocine.fast bacilli that may seledivt egg baaed - Nitrate redudion w Cord fador. lnbnlation of dropld isonic id,tuberculosisappear curvett W ith m odium , - M ycobactriz nuclœi çarried by air rifam picilzieblm eelsen sta.in . M iddlebrook's gulfolipidg. âom a patient witâ pyru innm i/ ,Eppear pink in a blue m eedilzm : synthdic open pulm onary etllam butol andbackground, with enriched m odium T,B. streptomycin.auramine-rhodam ine - Jntegthzal T.B: -szcond-iilz: drugthey fluoresce orange lngzatilm of m ilk * ttt aimuld b:ytllow in black contam inated with com binzd & fQrbackg ound. M . bovis llm g duration.

2

M ycobacterium Acid-zcohol fast - Cultures in vivo - Leprosy - Prolonged and - Rifampicinbacilii staincd with ' only: . clcix izontad with . D:psm el

eprac , 'modifled Z-N %tntn. Nkïe-baadzd patienfs

arrrzadijlo & m iceEscherk hia cnll M ax onkgy agar - f- nent glucose, - Diarrizoeagenic E. coli; - Urinac trad iltf - In vitro

giving roso pink lactosc, maltoso, I'ili mltorotoxins (LT, - Nçonatwl mo ingitis susc+ ibilhy testcolony due to iad ose m annite csugrose & STI sitiga toxin s D iarrhtx a: -in diarrhem:ferm entatiou salicin w ith acid & glus - Uropathogeniç strains: entcotexigonic EC, oorred

prod. 111110 a1 qdhesion. vnterohacm errhagio o hydratien- IM VC (++.-) exotoxias, K antigcms. Ec,enteropatbogenic EC,

. LPSI endtgpxin enteroinvagiv: ECenteroagp esative EC.- Plzeum oniw 8epsis,tndotoxic ahock-

Ktcbsiella G -.v: baciiii, lzon- Macconkey agar - fennent glucose, - Capsule . Urinazy t.r% iltf - In vitromotilg & usually gving rose pink iadose, lnaltose - Pneumonia susceptibility testcapsulatei colony due to lad tysg nzannite. sucrose & - Neonatal sepsi:

fennentation n licin witll agid & gasPr/d.- IM VC --++

S aef/.g () -ve bacilli. tnotile - Maœ lmkvy agar & - ferment glucosu, - Food peisertinr - Food poisotting: - Celtriaxotw - TAB vac.: heatDCA givin: maitoge & marmite witlz S.xteritidis & linked to food of - Amjcillin for killeicolûurless colony due acid & gag prod. s,typbim tuiuttk anim al & poultry clzrom c carriers of - Andone killedto non-lactûp: - Ur- : -ve &; indole - - Tvpbold fôver: S.typl'ti origin. S. tm hi, IXtV''taI'V sqspenaionferm m tation. ve. ' a S.paratypiti A,BIC. - Typlw id fever: of S.typlzi

- Salm onell:-shigella - produte H:S - septicem ia & farm lly - Oral typhoid vac.:agar N.B: Typhofd fevor : Bavterelnia: S.oholerasui: contam inated food live m enuated

widal teat & watcr- Pea on to - Vi capsular

. Iher- n contad . polysaccluride of

s.t hi

Shigella O -ve bKilliy non- - M accœ key agar & - l-actose non-fermcnter . Jrtvaaiveness - Bacillary dysenteo faecaliy - Ceftria.xonom otile, non- DCA giving except S.sennei - Shiga toxin: gm duced cordam inated food

- dysenterlae çapsulated colourleis colony due - M annite-form mtter by S.dysx teriae type 1. & water- G'i to non-ladose exctpt S

.dp enteliae - Person to porson- boydl fermçntation. . Prottuce add but ne transmittion..- sonnei - Szmmtella-œ gell: gas.

agar - Ut:ase -ve- H :s -ve

Yepsinia pe-aWi.y G -ve coccobacilli - Blood asar & - Fractiœ 1 Ag or - Fradion 1 capsqlz - Pjakue: - Flea-borne; by tleatlzat have M acccnkey .gar: capgular Ag ddected by - M urin: tflxin * Bubenic biteclzaraderistic bipolar :1na11 pinpokTt FA tests. - Catalase * Septicem ic - D iroct com ad witbm irtinp ntm-motile, ceeleurltu, tlact/se - Specïfic baaezieplzagr - Javaxin * Pneum tmic infede,d tisstlzsornon-sllore fonnins nonfeermenter) - Biochemical tests. fluids.

colonie: after 24 lu's - Rlspiratery wat 25/C. dropld : 9f)a1 cases

w1t11 pneum onicla o

Vlbrio c/t/lertze fi -Ve pcurvtd badlli, - Alkaline peptene - Oxidase +ve - Cholm'w toxin:s - Cholet'a - faecoeral route - Fluid nnd . Clwlera (koll'sl v.hil ly mdiie with a wate (pH :.5): a - String +.v/ binding (B) and a.n through electroiyte - W holc cell/Bsinse pofar surface pellîcle - Fermeat glucose, activ: (A) subunits confalltiftated foed rtpzacement nbunit v,flagdlum coe ain vibrieg atter m altose, tnannitv azld and water - Live attenuated v.

iaçubatioa for 6.8 ilrs suçm s: imt not ladoseat 37+ . witlx odudion of âcid

3

'

. - Tlziosulfattsdtrate- but not gas.

'

. bile u ltg-suçrose . '' ' .

(TCBS): ydlowcolonies

Campylobad er G -ve ,çurve.cl bacilli - Selediv; medié; .campylobagt. - consumptiou of - Ftuid arkdwith a single Skirrow's m edia, enteritis: diarrl!e.a contarninatcd food Glectrolyto

tlagellum & hag micrtmerophilic (r% & Extra-intestinal; and water. replacementdazting motility. Oz & lopztc ozl . ' ' artlwitis

. badea m iaa -Erytlzrom ycin

- Fittrution m etitod. m eaingitiw pneum orda, . - Ciprofloxacin

abortion,- Guillian-Barres droznp,

H elicobaa cr Spiral or cunrtd , - skirrow'e mectia - Oxirinqe +ve - vacuolating cytotoxin . Chronic gae ti: - Faeco-oral route - Triple therapy

lori (3 -ve, noc spyr: (selgdive) - Ureasç +ve (va.f; A) - Ixodonal or &astricPïfortning bacilll, - chocotatc agar (non - Do not fuu-mertt su- - Cag psthogcnicity ulcerwgastlic carcinomamotile witb multiple selxtivo) isyantj (cag-PAI) may follow.m onopolar flagetta .u icroavvopiglic (5%

0z & l0% C(N)

Pseudom onas O '-ve, nc'a spore - Nutrient agar; - O:tilk'ue +vo . cçmmtmity aclmired: - hwitz'o testinxinosa fonning h dlli, brigbt veen colour - Catalax +ve Afollicutitis should be doneaerug

m otilo. non- . Blood agart .carboilydrate non- 'rxternal ear in.tlfonnentative. com plde hem olp is ferm enters *gy: inf.

- M acconkey agar: *ûstsom yelitis.

:çolourless coloniçs *endocarditis- Aerobic - Nosocom ial Infed ions:

Arep iratm'y W .

i A1JrI

i ' # wound inf$ m o ingitis &

s ticem iaH aektophlhM Shoft G -Ve. bacilli or - Requires x-fador - Det4dion of çapsular - Polysfkccharide - Fmcapsulated typts: - Inhalation ûf - Celtriaïone - H. irdluçn7nç type

injluexzae Oçcobacilli, some (haemin) & wfactor jxllysacchyeidt: by: capsule. * moingiti: & respiratory droplds. b: Gapstllarafe Opstzluted (NAIX *oudling tegt - 1gA1 protease çpiglottitis (cllild less 5 Polyocdlaride:

- Choœ latt 4- *l.atu agglutinasion j'rsl Qolg o t*d to Cxrritf

- 5% CO a at 370C *Fluorescont antibody * Pçricarditis, Protçin.

Slailàing Pneumonx okeomyelitis - K fltnpiçin:& adhritis, CIW CTICW OPfW I*Z S'

- Non capsulated typegl* Pneum oni. &

baov erllia* O titis m edia &

pertussls

- âW

* IRCUbZC r*7 dayg a.t - W m lnic Xage: SdG's IPI11 Of DP9

3W C * PTX

# TrK x al Cytd gxin

(TC7')

4

. Brucella Small G -ve bacilli. . S- dextrose - Ozdaae +ve : Bnwellosia (Undulu - lngtstien - Combination eftzj non-tzmtil: non- agar - Urçase +ve fever or Melta foverl s Dired contad antibidics

- ortus 'capsulatqd & ncrn- - blx d agar - Catalase +.v; tlvoush skin (intracelluiar- M CIiQMSL% f in - chocolate agar - Redutx nitrates atxw iens organism)-' suL% - acobic - lnbnlation during

- 10% COz hnndling brucellaculm re.

Legul' nella Faintly a inod (J --vt! - Bafrete.d clmrcoal . Ekdotogin - lxgiepziaire'g dïseasc - lnllalatign of - Erythm mycin/ ila bacilli, motile yeast e'xtract (BCYE) - PQZIK fevc contaminated water

pneum op l a ar aerosolsTreponem a Tlltin walled, flvxible - Cnnnot cultiv.ted N.B: Serologioai tests: - Svpitills : - Sex'ual venereal 8. - Ponigillinu)d gpiral rods with invitro - Non treponelnal: * Primary S. - Tramqplacental

#J um regular coils & - Inoçulated into 0 11.1. & RPR * Secondary S. cotîgenital S,

m IN)J ezzds, ha.s rabbit trxicl/s - Tro onrzzzal: * l-atznt stu o - Freyh bloed

rapid corcksta w TPH A. TPI, i-fA- * Ttqliary S. transfusion-m otility ABS, ElA & wost/m - Cona m'tal S.

blot.

Borrclia '1Rlin wallc ftexible - Highly enriclwd - DNA hybridizatien - Relgosina ftvor: - Reiapsing Rver;spird rods witlz flat m eedia: BSK Ii m edis * Loux -borne * Loux -borne:

. & holioal waves at 30 to 350C. (vpiderniçlz B. recurrentis transuzilcd byhighly m otile. * Tick-bonw cm aiw d hum an % dy

tenlemicl: B. duttoili & iouse.B.hennsii. # Tick-bornu ;- Lvnte diseaso: transm itted by ticksB.burgdorferi - Ll'm e dismtse:

transrnitted b ticksL eptasp ira Tlzi1: wallei fiexibla - Fldclzet'a media ' - M icoacopic - Ixptpspirosig (W eil's - Tratumittion - Peniclllin &

spirat rods with - Stuart'a m fdia agglutination tests or dismwe - mf' ectious occurs via infeded doxycycline.

hooke.d ends. - incubate ammbically PCR. jaundice): Leptospira uiine whichat 30oC for I-2 icteroitaem errllagiae. contam inatesweelts. stagnant water

BOUrCeS.

or. sher-; g.

5

Cotlcc' :tzcz/// kb kcoczacleo é? a,c.af? .J/

G z.,- / -..c-

Y tu olasmap'rz

'

qk o o o,'zx q. . g /.ltyjlotoczx.z . àle-is<ezja * / ou/izu.,o pneusoniacI

ctv e-u-x yoe.gmgonorr; Jvm; dio '.J t'j rrcjiq @ GOWT/Q m cw Iormayo memg il/c/is . o J f

az/voys/v'ca.a rznzurcqvngà . :.,:/ ctk, D

ms nJ uuieàn t-

w mu v. a. 3 b psc,uzwrf F'J r o'kz.z * Leyol/s/zlr't . c,2/ Jo /al/u.

u'zc.c/;... ''cxrro l'itzxvrl'uu ?k tônw wxoni.u-.J k-.l , y s

..PLliri4tz,yvs

. tkh4,,'v.-//u.pntuœ onioE

A ic&e-f/ul.. fzn l'ocococouu -

. éc-/-inom ce.sJk c..e.1l,'/

f oco-rcii.. #

l .

w

*- ''- - '

. .

.%

G cc,m tu,- t/cazro -'.Q-

lkr,z s iorm; Ycz.e- prrrpmig SV ' kt- Ouuroectl /u* .11 . t! -

lataots.s OO....OL.-. c-npexo . otkuv s. V,'bcJ oc.c ogarzz/eokuvm o Sazzttus o ckoskacttuma . çsckewqcktm o Yexal' . op-o.x'zz

' UJ . , . fv s. clwe/oktz'c

ksxoùox- omttro.cks goW 'gez.s cot' QAUctLjhO -X..S.J- , (3.,1

. .. ,0 uto,s * Q'an//

-

p tohtzo/e, petcxot. . pktetls.vtt,a- o

,?o

'd- (1'.,..,,.,.- fel-''Jjm-t. (n.nvêlvtMsnl ),x$o k nk,m j

j ; , Ild italba/ owacm utq- o soulmopu.ttx r izz.ua j yo lukxs ?.

.t Or'Tykk k'zqf?.7

. t-f o ,zl.#. J lwPX .2. jki A6i&.J

pou/xosut'm /zmzfidfs# kkivquuri,.,,-n * 6:..12.11*Jr

poox pxsctsllenzul<çtz/ &'

zm ïslipzwu/'s. : y' .J /.-HJ se,.a pe,x;zzou S '<7 .5

' .J a t.. Rsyez:. @ U io'q- zj.l

oo 1( gaavh-o?Js awnneu

> fR'x.o#op.o. Y eaz' edxzx

tvevshs

T b oratory iagn osis ',Jt .

A - Specrim ens:

B - D irect detection :l - G ram stainecl sm ears.2- D irect detection of . . . . . . antigens in specim ens by EL ISA .

3- N ucieie acid probe test detects . . . . . . ,. nucleic acid in specim ens.

C - C ulture . .

'

- m edia :

- atm osphere:N .B . : B lood sam ples should be cultukqed by blood culture techniques, sttbcultures

are done every 2 days.

D - tdentification:1- after incubation for 1-3 days :

- shape of colonies:- gram stain:

2- O rganksn-t is identified as . . . . . .. b)' :

- speciat- tests : catalase, oxidase . . oetc. .- detectior: of specific antigens by agglutination or inuuunotlurescence.

- N ucleic aeid probes.

E - Seroloay:- D atection of . , . . . . . . . antibodies in the patient's serunA.