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Environmental Pollution

Dr. A. B. M. BadruzzamanProfessor

Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology(BUET)

Dhaka, BANGLADESH

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Types of Pollution

Water Pollution

Air Pollution

Soil Pollution

Noise Pollution

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Sources of Pollution

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WaterPollution

Point source

Industrialeffluent

Textile Tannery Dyeing Thermal

Municipalwaste

Non-pointsource

Agriculturalrunoff

Atmospheric

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Air Pollution

Global

Industrial

Gaseousemission

Thermal

Natural

Marshlands

Forests

Local

Industrial

Gaseous

Thermal

Natural

Landfills

Gaseous

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Soil Pollution

Industrial

Liquideffluent

Sludge

ToxicChemicals

Man-made

Landfills

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Noise Pollution

Sources

Industrial

Machines

Exhaust

Construction

Operation

Demolition

Vehicular

Other

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Industrial Effluent Discharge

Numerous textile and tannery industries in Bangladesh Required to have ETP

Expensive to treat effluent

Owners reluctant to spend money on non-productive issuessuch as ETP

Engineers tend to compromise with the owners Technology to treat textile dye may not always be

economically viable

Buyers and consumers expect good governance &implementation of rules

Enforcement of regulations inadequate in the past; at presentmore strictly enforced

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Some Examples

Industrial wastewaterdischarge in Turag river

Sewage discharge in Balu river

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Waste materials dumping in Turag river Sewage discharge in Bongshi river

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Sludge Cake

Dysfunctional ETP

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Hatirjheel

Sewage outfall

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Thermal Plume Discharge in Sitalakhhya River

Haripur Barge-Mounted Power Plant CDC Globeleque Power Plant

Shiddhirgonj Power Plant Outfall

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Two Combine Cycle power plants on either banks of the river

One has a side bank discharge, the other has a submergedsingle-port discharge

A third STPP is planned just u/s of these two

The river water quality has already deteriorated to anunacceptable level

Govt. and funding agencies plans to install the new plant atthis location because of existing cable network

Aquatic environment is at a stake

Professional ethics necessitates wastewater safe disposal forthe aquatic environment

Solutioncooling tower for the thermal discharge mayprovide a safe disposal option

Pertinent Issues

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Water Quality Map provides a goodvisual picture of pollution status of

river

It can be presented to managersand decision makers as a good

visualization aid

Water Quality Mapping using Biological

and Chemical Indicators

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Rivers Selected

Based on reconnaissance visits and discussion with local people, 20 sites

on 5 rivers around Dhaka city were selected for sampling and analysis.

River includes:

On the Western side of Dhaka city

Part of Bongshi river and Turag river from Tongi bridge upto its confluence

with Buriganga.

Southern side of Dhaka city

part of Dhaleshawri river and Buriganga

Northern side of Dhaka cityTongi khal and part of Balu river

Eastern side of Dhaka city

Balu river and part of Shitalakkhya river

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Chemical Analysis

Macroinvertebrate Classification

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Pashupatinath Temple in

Kathmandu, on the banks of theBaghmati river which meets theGanges downstream

Stream-fed river; dries up inwinter and floods duringmonsoon

Dammed just d/s of the templeto hold water

Cremation is done on thepedestals constructed along thebanks

Extremely polluted due to

untreated domestic wastewaterdisposal and solid waste disposalinto the river

People bathe in this water as apart of the religious ritual

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Expectations of the Society

Community at large no longer trust the expertsas they used to and Environmental Professionalsare no exception

Society expects the organizations to be

environmentally certified and demonstrateresponsible and ethical governance

Social and Environmental development projectsare expected to adhere to the ethical obligations.

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Shared Responsibility

The responsibilities do not rest withthe Engineers only.

Government, Policy Makers, GeneralPopulace, Entrepreneurs shouldshare the responsibilities

Good governance in every sector isessential to ensure ethicalmanagement of the environment

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Media and Environmental Awareness

Erin Brockovich The movie portrays the environmental disaster due to

contamination of drinking water at Hinkley, California.

Chromium (VI), a carcinogen, caused by a Pacific Gas & EnergyLtd.

The pipeline was constructed in 1952. The company knew thatHinkley GW was being contaminated through their pipeline buttried to cover up.

The case was settled in 1996 for $333 million in a direct action

law suit.

Another lawsuit, against this company alleges contamination nearPG&E Kettleman Hills compressor station in Kings County,California

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Media and Environmental Awareness

A Civil Action

Tannery industry in Wooburn, MA

dumped toxic waste on the ground The poison percolated into the water

table and was pumped by two wells

into the drinking water

Eight neighborhood children died of

leukemia. Their families sued

Beatrice Foods and W. R. Grace, themegafirms responsible for the

pollution

It was difficult for the adversary

system to determine whether toxins

dumped by these companies made the

children sick Relying on the adversary system and

lay juries to find the truth simply

compounded the disaster and created

more tragedy.

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A bili ?

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Accountability ? On June 15, 1997 a massive blowout of the

drilling well took at the 1st drilling site ofOccidental at Magurchara, Sylhet, BD

The explosion of gas turned into aninferno, towering over 300 feet andspreading to the surrounding villages,rainforest and cropland

As required, Oxy submitted and EIA report apriori but DOE objected to some issues and

didnt provide an environmental clearancecertificate

245Bcf of gas was burnt out amounting to aloss of $685million. Environmental damagewas estimated to be ~$105million.

No compensation was paid and Oxy

transferred its share to Unocal for a 28.57%share in 3 producing wells in Yemen

Recently, Unocal has transferred its share toChevron and the whole compensation issue isin limbo

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In Conclusion

Professional ethics is essential for ensuring a safeand sound environment

The responsibilities rest upon not only on theEngineers but also on the policy makers, govt.

and non-govt. organizations, donor agencies aswell as the general public

Good governance in every sector is essential toensure ethical management of the environment

Communication between the professionals andpolicy makers-end users provides the key tosuccess

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