SKILLS AND TECHNIQUESA SKILL

Is an action that we use in an activity

Service, Clear shot are all examples of skills

TECHNIQUE

Is the way in which a skill is performed

Examples of different techniques in badminton;

High / Low service

Overhead clear or net clear

Smash or jump smash

EASY AND COMPLEX SKILLSEasy Skills have;

Few subroutines

Physically undemanding

Little co-ordination

Simple order of movements

One movement at a time

Easy environment

Complex Skills have;Many subroutines

Physically demanding

Good co-ordination

Complicated order of movements

Many movements at the same time

Difficult environment

EASY AND COMPLEX SKILLS

DESCRIBING A SKILL

• Trying to describe a skill is often easier when you look at it in 3 parts

• These 3 parts are;1. Preparation

2. Action

3. Recovery

DESCRIBING A SKILL

• PREPARATION PHASE– What happens in order to allow the action to

take place

• ACTION PHASE– Describes the actual action

• RECOVERY PHASE– What happens after the action is complete

DESCRIBING OVERHEAD CLEAR

PREPERATION•START FREOM BASE

•TRACK SHUTTLE AND MOVE TOWARDS IT

•TURN BODY SIDE ON

•RACKET UP AND BEHIND HEAD

•WEIGHT ONTO BACK FOOT

•FRONT ARM OUT FOR BALANCE/TRACK SHUTTLE

ACTION•SHOULDER/ARM BROUGHT FORWARD AT SPEED

•ACTION RESEMBLES THROWING ACTION

•WEIGHT TRANSFERS ONTO FRONT FOOT AT SHUTTLE IMPACT

•CONTACT SHUTTLE ABOVE HEAD

•STRIKE THROUGH SHUTTLE

RECOVERY•RACKET COMES DOWN AND ACROSS BODY

•RETURN TO MIDDLE OF COURT INTO ‘READY’ POSITION WAITING TO RECEIVE NEXT SHOT

STAGES OF LEARNING

• There are 3 important stages in learning and developing skills;– Planning stage (Cognitive)

– Practice stage

– Automatic stage

• REMEMBER When DESCRIBING a skill we use PAR (preparation, action, recovery) see your notes on this in your Swimming lectures

PLANNING STAGE

• Find out what the skill involves

• Establish all the parts of the skill

• First attempts at skill• Many errors• Cognitive process

PRACTICE STAGE

• Linking all the parts together of the skill

• Simple skill require less practice than complex skills

• Less errors during performance at this stage

AUTOMATIC STAGE

• No errors

• Key parts automatic therefore able to link various other skills together

• Basketball lay up requires speed, power to jump whilst dribbling, jumping, holding the ball and hitting a target.

METHODS OF LEARNING• WHOLE-PART-WHOLE• Used by performers who already have experience of that

activity/skill

• Used with simple skills

• Perform skill, identify weakness, practice that weakness then perform whole skill again

• Badminton example; Whole – Overhead clear, Part- Develop footwork and leading leg, Whole- practice full overhead clear shot

METHODS OF LEARNING

• GRADUAL BUILD-UP• Used to learn complex(difficult) skills• Learnt in stages, with each stage more demanding and

required to be mastered before moving onto the next• Learner can therefore concentrate on one part of the skill

at a time before moving on• An example from basketball lay up; 1) shot from 1 step

and jump shoot, 2) shot with 2 steps and jump shoot, 3) 1 bounce, 2 steps and jump shoot 4) dribble, 2 steps and jump shoot

SKILLS PRACTICE

• A player will use a series of drills to concentrate on the skill

• These drills will become harder so that the skill becomes more ‘game-like’

• If practice sessions are too long problems occur;– Tiredness drop in performance levels. Make sure sessions are

not to long and are broken into short sections with rest periods.– Boredom loss of concentration and performance drops. Vary

practices and don’t make then too long– Progression practices must become progressively – Harder/more variety helping the performer improve

FEEDBACK

• When learning or practicing skills, the performer is helped by receiving feedback about their performance.

• FEEDBACK is ‘information received about a performance’.

• There are 3 different types of feedback that help us understand our performance:– EXTERNAL (visual, written, video)

– INTERNAL (how it feels to you ‘Kinaesthetic’

– KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS (scores, times, distances)

ANALYSING A PERFORMANCE

1. Observe your partners performance2. Compare performance against model

performer3. Give ‘positive feedback on performance4. Tell partner what they are doing wrong5. Suggest improvements they could make6. Watch partners performance again

checking for improvements

TRANSFER OF WEIGHT

• Some skills and techniques require our Centre of Gravity moving outside our base of support

• When this happens we must transfer our weight to stay balanced and upright

• Sometimes weight transfer is for single action like throwing or repeated actions like running

EXAMPLES OF TRANSFER OF WEIGHT

• Badminton High serve– Weight transfers from

back to front foot during impact

– Both feet must remain on the ground during service

• Badminton Smash shot– Weight transfers from

back to front foot during impact of shuttle

Weight Transfer Benefits

• Increase in Power – Allows more power for shots like overhead clear, serve

and smash

• Maintain Balance– Maintaining balance so that you can sustain your body

shape or movements (net shot)

• Increase Accuracy– Allowing you to control the direction of the object

(direction of smash: downwards and cross court)

LEVERS AT WORK

Short levers will allow for more accuracy and speed

Long levers have less speed but more force to deliver more distance

but less accuracy.

Can you name 3 other activities where long levers play a part?