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Klasifikasi Motor

Electric Motors

Alternating Current (AC)Motors

Direct Current (DC)Motors

Synchronous Induction

Three-PhaseSingle-Phase

Self ExcitedSeparatelyExcited

Series ShuntCompound

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Klasifikasi

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PCB Motor

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Motor Universal

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Motor Universal

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SCR Control (for DC Motor)

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Motor AC Induksi

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Motor Step (Stepper Motor)Jenis 1: Rotor Permanen Magnet

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Motor Step (Stepper Motor)Jenis 2: Variable Reluctance

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Motor Step (Stepper Motor)Jenis 3: PM-hybrid motor

Stator Rotor

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Motor Step: Unipolar

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Motor Step: Bipolar

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Motor Step (Stepper Motor)Cara Eksitasi 1: One-phase ON, Full Step

One-phase On, Full Step, Torque = T, Step = 90o

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Motor Step (Stepper Motor)Cara Eksitasi 2: Two-phase ON, Full Step

Two-phase On, Full Step, Torque = 1,4T, Step = 90o

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Motor Step (Stepper Motor)Cara Eksitasi 3: Half Step

Half Step, Torque= T sd 1,4T, Step 45o

Stepping Sequence

• Full step sequenceshowing how binarynumbers can controlthe motor

• Half stepsequence ofbinary controlnumbers

Full Stepping

• Animation shows how coils are energizedfor full steps

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Motor Step (Stepper Motor)Urutan kontrol 1: Two-phase On, Full Step

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Motor Step (Stepper Motor)Urutan Kontrol 2: Half Step

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Motor Step : Rangkaian Kontrol

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Motor Step: Torque vs Speed

Contoh Pemakaian Motor StepFilm Advance

Telescope Drive

Labeling Machine

Moving Positioning System

Rotating Tube Cutter

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Motor Step (Stepper Motor)Video 1: Kontrol PosisiVideo 2: Kontrol kecepatan (dan posisi) tanpa slip

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BLDC Motor

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BLDC Motor = AC Servoo A BLDC motor: the stator is a classic three-phase stator like that of an

induction motor the rotor has permanent magnets

oMotor torque, speed, position, current are controlled by amicrocontroller (MCU) or digital signal controller (DSC).

oSupports Hall sensor (commutated), encoder, resolver, andsensorless control functions.

oAplication: fans, pumps, HVAC blowers and compressors,computer disk drives and peripherals, appliances, robotics,servo systems, traction control, sewing machines, andtreadmills.

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BLDC Motor = AC ServooBRUSH LESS DC (BLDC) / AC SERVO MOTORS are a type

of synchronous motor. This means the magnetic field generatedby the stator and the magnetic filed generated by the rotor rotateat the same frequency.

oBRUSH LESS DC (BLDC) / AC SERVO MOTORS do notexperience the ‘slip' that is normally seen in induction motors.

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BLDC Motor = AC Servo

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DC Motor vs BLDC Motor

DC Motor BLDC Motor

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Essential Elements of a Typical BLDC Motor

BLDC Control

How BLDC Works

• Halls Sensors sense theposition of the coils

• The Decoder Circuit turnsappropriate switches onand off

• The voltage through thespecific coils turns the motor

Images courtesy of Servo Magnetics(http://www.servomag.com/flash/2-pole/2pole-bldc-motor.html)

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Quadrants of Operation

Cur

rent

(Tor

que)

Voltage(Speed)

First Quadrantpositive speed-positive torque

“forward-accelerating”

IIIIII IV

Second Quadrantnegative speed-positive torque

“reverse-braking”

Third Quadrantnegative speed - negative torque

“reverse-accelerating”Fourth Quadrant

Positive speed - negative torque“forward-braking”

Generating Motoring

Motoring Generating

Advantages• Increased Reliablilty & Efficiency• Longer Life• Elimination of Sparks from Commutator• Reduced Friction• Faster Rate of Voltage & Current• Precision Voltage & Current Applied to

Field Coils

Applications• Low Power

– Consumer Electronics– Medical Field

• High Power– Industrial Machinery– Vehicles– Airplanes

Disadvantages• Requires Complex Drive Circuitry

• Requires additional Sensors

• Higher Cost

• Some designs require manual labor(Hand wound Stator Coils)

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BLDC Motor: Torque vs Speed

21st Century electric motor will be BLDC / AC Servo

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BLDC Motor Applications

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BLDC Motor Applications

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BLDC Motor Applications

Brushless DC motorsat GMRT Rayshed

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BLDC Motor (AC Servo)Video 1: Servo Motor with Replacable EncoderVideo 2: Servo Motor RepairVideo 3: Stepper or Servo?