ASKING AND GIVING OPINION

ASKING GIVING

ASKING OPINION

EX:

a.What do you think of?b.What do you think about?c.What do you feel about?d.What do you opinion?e.How about this?

GIVING OPINION

Ex:

a.I think it is…

b.I feel it is….

c.My opinion is….

d.….. Very…..

RECOMMENDATION AND OFFER

DEFINITION RECOMMENDATIO

N

GIVINGASKING

DEFINITION OFFER

DEFINITION RECOMMENDATION

1. A suggestion that something is good or suitable for a particular purpose or job

2. Advice telling someon what the best thing to do is

DEFINITION OFFER

Offer is when some one asks you if you would like to have something or if you would like them to do something.

ASKING RECOMMENDATION

Ex:

a.Do you think I should join the Eart Hour sampaign?

b.Do you have time? I need you suggestion about Earth Day

c.Do you think I should call the SAR team to rescue us?

Giving recommendation

Ex:

a.You should join the campaign, it’s very positive

b.We should spread the message to keep the environment dean

c.Why don’t you call the SAR team now?

EXPOSITION TEXT

Exposition textAnalytical Hortatory

Differences

HORTATORY

Definition

Generic Structure

Social Function

Example Text

DEFINITION

Hortatory is a text which represent attempt of the writer to have the addressee do something or act in certain way.

GENERIC STRUCTURE

Thesis : Announcement of issue concern

Argument

a) Point : states the main argument

b) elaboration : develops and supports each point of argument by giving facts, reason, or example.

Recommendation : statement of what ought to or ought not to happen

SOCIAL FUNCTION

To persuade the reader or listener that something should or should not be the case

Television for Social Construction

Television is today a part of daily life. It is not only a source of entertainment but also news and information. television is also a valuable tool for science, education and industry

What makes television even more interesting is that action is accompanied by sound, so that we can see as well as hear what on the television. Today we can stay at home and enjoy entertainment that once could be seen only in cinema, theaters and sport arena. Television enables to meet important people.s It can bring important guests and important scene to receivers who are located anywhere.

Television has a great influence on our idea about what is right and what is wrong. It influences the way which we should behave. Television has close related to our life in general. Some times the value and life style we get from television are in conflict with those that we get at home and school.

Critics point out that crime and TV show often appeal to taste for violence, while many games and quizzes appeal to greedy. it is important to suggest that television should be used for socially constructive purpose for the shake of  better life.

Social Function

The text Invites the reader to use the television for the positive things not only as entertainment but also to look for materials science, education and industry

ANALYTICAL

Definition

Generic Structure

Social Function

Example Text

DEFINITION

Exposition is a text elaborates the writer’s idea about the phenomenon surrounding

GENERIC STRUCTURE

Thesis : Introduces the topic and show speaker or writer’s position

Argument :

a. Point = States the main argument

b. Elaboration = Develops and supports each points of aeguments by fact, reason, or example

Conclusion or Re-Interation : Restarting the writer’s position

SOCIAL FUNCTION

To persuade the reader that the idea is important matter by presentating some argument by fact, reason, or example.

Career in Translation 

Functionally, translation is transferring the message or the meaning and not the word. According to Nida, such translation is called dynamic equivalence translation. It tries to bring the precise message in different language.

Many people like to watch Hollywood movie but many get trouble in understanding to the actors' dialogue. So the way they get the understanding about the movie is reading the translating text running. If Hindi translation is provided, it will bring the better understanding for Indian moviegoer. Hollywood movie spread over other Asia countries. Therefore, Arabic translation, Indonesian translation and Farsi translation are widely needed and that is a big chance for English master in that countries.

India is likely being an English speaking country. India translation will grow better and. It seems Indonesia, Malaysia and Filipina will reach that mark too soon. Translation job will be great in amount and that is good development for translating job seekers.

Social Function

The text is to inform the reader Being a Translator is a good job, because translator not only change the language but also to convey meaning

DIFFERENCESHortatory

Conclusion

Argument

Thesis

Analytical

Thesis

Argument

Recommendation

Social Function Social Function

SAME

DIFFERENT

HOPE AND WISH

WISH

wish is also used when you wish that something were the case or you would like it to be the case even though you know that it is impossible or unlikely. In this sense, the verb which follows wish has a past tense inflection. Thus we have: • 'We wish you could be here.' • 'He wished he hadn't said that, for Fiona was

terribly upset.' • 'It rained every day. I do wish I hadn't gone there

for my holidays.' • 'I wish you didn't have to work so hard.'

HOPE

Hope. We speak of people's 'hopes for the future' and hope normally signals future intentions. If you hope to do something, you want to do it and intend to do it if you possibly can. Like wish it can be used with to, plus infinitive. So we might have: •'I hope to be a millionaire by the time I'm thirty.' •'I was hoping to catch the 5.30 train and would have caught it, if Jennifer hadn't phoned.'

DIFFERENCEDifference between the verbs hope and wish is that when we use hope we do not know all the facts (a kind of future meaning) and when we use wish we know all the facts already. For instance, 'I hope you will be OK' and 'I wish you were here' (from Pink Floyd). This led me to think about Christmas time. Why should I say 'I wish you a Merry Christmas' instead of 'I hope you a Merry Christmas'? Is there any grammatical explanation on this issue?

INVITATION

INVITATION

• a spoken or written request to somebody to do something or to go somewhere (Oxford Learner’s Dictionary)

• An invitation is a request, a solicitation, or an attempt to get another person to join you at a specific event. (Vocabulary)

PURPOSE

• Would you like to come• Would you like to join us• I would like to invite you• Request the present of…

GENERIC STRUCTURE

1. Invitee2. Body of invitation:• Occasion• Day or Date• Time• Place3. Inviter

EXAMPLE OF INVITATION

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences.

TYPE 1

It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future

Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.

TYPE 2

It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)

Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

TYPE 3

It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)

Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

Active voice describes a sentence where the subject performs the action stated by the verb.  In passive voice sentences, the subject is acted upon by the

verb.

FORMULA PASSIVE VOICE

1. Passive Voice [Simple Present Tense]-Pattern = Subject + to be + Verb32. Passive Voice [Present Continous Tense]-Pattern = Subject + to be + being + Verb33. Passive Voice [Present Perfect Tense]-Pattern = Subject + have/has + been + Verb34. Passive Voice [Simple Past Tense]-Pattern = Subject + to be (was – were) + Verb 25. Passive Voice [Past Continous Tense]-Pattern = Subject + to be (was –

were) + Verb36. Passie Voice [Past Perfect Tense]-Pattern = Subject + had + been + Verb37. Passie Voice [Simple Future Tense]-Pattern = Subject + will + be + Verb38. Passive Voice [Future Continous Tense]-Pattern = Subject + will be + being + Verb39. Passive Voice [Future Perfect Tense]-Pattern = Subject + will have + been + Verb3

EXAMPLE1. They buy a book everyday [active]• A book is bought buy them [passive]2. She is drinking a glass of milk [active]• A glass of milk is being drunk by her

[passive]3. We have done our homework [active]• Our homework have been done by us

[passive]4. I swept the floor yesterday [active]• The florr was swept by me [passive5. We were typing a letter [active]• A letter was been typed by us

[passive]

6. He had done his homework [active]• His homework had been done by him

[passive]7. They will buy a book tomorrow [active]• A book will be bought by them

[passive]8. We will be typing a letter [active]• A letter will be being typed by us

[passive]9. He will have done his homework [active]• His homework will have been done by

him [passive]

PROCEDURE TEXT

PURPOSETo describe how something is accomplished through a sequence of action or steps. or the communicative

purpose is to tell the steps of making or doing something.

GENERIC STRUCTURE

• Goal/Aim • Material/Ingredients/Tools• Steps/Methods is a goal followed by a series of

stepsoriented to achieving the goal.

LANGUAGE FEATURES

•Imperative form ,(ex: Cut, Pour, Don’t mix, dsb.•Action verbs: turn, put, don’t, mix, dsb.•Connectives/conjuctions , ex: then, while, dsb.•Adverbials, ex: for five minutes, two centimetres from the top, dsb.•Use simple present tense•Mainly of material processes

GERUND

GERUND

DEFINITION

FUNCTION

EXAMPLE

DEFINITION

Gerund is a verbal that ends in –ing and functions as a noun.

FUNCTION

Subject of a sentence

Go + GerundObject of preposition

Object of a sentence

SUBJECT OF A SENTENCE

Ex:

Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences.

In this sentence we see that traveling is the subject of satisfy

OBJECT OF A SENTENCE

Ex:

My mom’s favorite activity is running.

Running is explaining the subject in this sentence (what activity? Running.)

Certain verbs:a. Loveb. Likec. Dislike‘d. Notee. Mindf. Prefer

g. Enjoy

h. Stopi. Startj. Keep

OBJECT OF PREPOSITION

Ex:

The police arrested him for speeding.

Speeding is the object of for in this example because it is explaining the prepostion (for what? For speeding.)

Preposition:

a. In

b. On

c. At

d. Form

e. Befor

f. Of

g. About

h. After

Conjungtion:

i. When

j. While

k. but

GO + GERUND

ex:

I go swimming every Tuesday

She went playing badminton last week

We have gone fishing

EXAMPLE IN THE SONG

"Romeo, take me somewhere we can be alone.

I'll be waiting; all that's left to do is run.

You'll be the prince and I'll be the princess.

It's a love story, baby, just say, 'Yes.'

Romeo, save me, they try to tell me how to feel.

This love is diffi cult but it's real.Don't be afraid, we'll make it out

of this mess.It's a love story, baby, just say,

'Yes.'"

Oh, oh.

I got tired of waiting Wondering if you were ever coming around.

My faith in you was fadingWhen I met you on the outskirts

of town.And I said...

"Romeo, save me, I've been feeling so alone.

I keep waiting for you but you never come.

Is this in my head? I don't know what to think."

He knelt to the ground and pulled out a ring and said...