BAI517Chris Redford

Section OutlineObjectives

GNUThe Linux 2.6 KernelThe Heritage of LinuxWhat’s so good about Linux?Features of Linux

IntroductionLinux was developed by Linus Torvalds as

an undergraduate studentTorvalds used the Internet to make the

source code immediately available for freeLinux version 0.01 in September 1991The Linux operating system is maintained

and continually developed thousands of individuals around the world

GNUGNU project

Announced in 1983 by Richard StallmanProject for creating an operating system

kernel & system programs

Presented the GNU manifesto that begins… “GNU, which stands for Gnu’s Not UNIX, is the name

for the complete UNIX-compatible software system which I am writing so that I can give it away free to everyone who can use it.”

The code is free

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Linux DocumentariesRevolution OS

REVOLUTION OS tells the inside story of the hackers who rebelled against the proprietary software model and Microsoft to create GNU/Linux and the Open Source movement.

Linux DocumentariesThe Code

The Code is a Finnish made documentary about Linux from 2001 featuring some of the most influential people of the free software movement.

Linux DocumentariesLinux: the Codebreakers

two-part documentary, The Codebreakers was aired on BBC World TV during May 2006. It investigates how poor countries are using FOSS applications for development, and includes stories and interviews from around the world.

FOSSFree and Open Source Software

Linux Kernel 2.6Released on December 17, 2003Includes many enhancement

Security Speed

What’s so good about Linux? Applications

Many rich applications are available, both free and commercial Office productivity Network management Security

Firewalls IDS

Servers Web, mail, ftp, etc.

What’s so good about Linux? Multiuser

Multi user login and connectionMultiprocessing

Preemptive Multitasking (Time Slicing)Multiplatform

Intel, Alpha(Compaq/Digital), Sun Sparc, Power-PC (MAC)Interoperable

“Plays nice” with Windows, Mac, Novell, Unix, other DistrosScalable

Ability to grow and customize O/S with user demandFlexible

Desktop, graphical workstation, server – web, file, print, db, mail…

StableAchieved a level of maturity required for adoption in

mainstream networksCh1-6

What’s so good about Linux? Peripherals

Same peripherals supported as Windows operating systems

Some supported before many companies doSoftware

Binary executablesSource Code!

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What’s so good about Linux? Platforms

Not just for Intel platformsPower PCDEC AlphaMIPSMotorola 68000 seriesNumerous 64-bit systemsIBM S/390

What’s so good about Linux? Emulators

Run code designed for other operating systems DOS Windows Mac

Linux Overview

Linux Overview Linux Kernel

Allocates computer’s resources CPU Memory Hardware

Drives, printers, etc.

Scheduling user jobs

Linux OverviewSupports many users

Can support from 1 to thousands of users each concurrently running a different set of programs

Can run many tasksFully protected multitasking OS

each user can run more than one job at a time Processes can communicate with each other but

remain fully protected and separated

Linux Overview Provides a Secure Hierarchial Filesystem

StandardsSecurityLinks

/

home tmp etc

scott chrisjohn

notesbin

logreport

Linux Overview The Shell

Command Interpreter AND Programming Language BASH – Bourne Again Shell TC Shell (tcsh) – enhanced version of the C Shell Z Shell (zsh) – incorporate features from numerous

shells, including the Korn Shell

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Linux Overview – Shell cont’d

Linux Overview The Shell (cont.)

Filename Generation Wildcards and ambiguous references can be used

Device Independent Input and Output All devices like printers and disk files appear as

files to Linux Allows redirection from one device to another

Linux OverviewThe Shell

Shell Functions the shell can be used as a programming language

Does not compile, but interprets programs

Job Control Allows users to work on several jobs at once

Linux OverviewLarge Collection of Utilities

100’s of utilities written to do just about anything a user could want e.g. sort

puts lists in alphabetical or numerical order

Interprocess CommunicationProcesses can communicate with each other

Linux OverviewSystem Administration

User creationSecurityInstallation/Removal of applicationsPrintingDisk quotasetc.

Additional FeaturesGUI’s

X-Windows System developed in part by researches at MIT Foundation for the various GUI’s available for Linux Two layers run under X

Desktop Manager Window Manager

Additional Features GUI’s (cont.)

X-Windows (cont.) Desktop Manager

Picture oriented user interface Interacts with the OS using icons instead of typing

commands Window Manager

Runs under the desktop manager Controls the windows, runs programs, interprets

mouse control

Additional Features (Inter)Networking Utilities

Many utilities to allow remote access of systems email remote control file access etc.

Software Development

Chapter SummaryGNUThe Linux 2.6 KernelThe Heritage of LinuxWhat’s so good about Linux?Features of Linux

Reading and ExercisesRead Chapter 1Answer questions on p.19-20

Separate piece of paper – lined / hole punchedPrepare a duo-tang for these review questions

and lab supplementals.