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PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN…
The designer works with the 4 tools or elements of design: line, form, color, and texture. But now they must follow the “RULES” about using those tools. The rules are called the principles of design.
There are 5 principles of design:
BALANCE proportion/scale
rhythm harmony
emphasis
BalanceBalance The resolution of The resolution of
interacting forces, interacting forces, attractions or weights. attractions or weights. Also known as Also known as equilibrium.equilibrium.
Balance is a psychological or visual sense of equilibrium. As a design principle, balance places the parts of a visual in an aesthetically pleasing arrangement.
BalanceBalance Large objects and spaces appear heavier than small Large objects and spaces appear heavier than small
ones, but a grouping of small objects can balance a large ones, but a grouping of small objects can balance a large object.object.
BalanceBalance Opaque materials appear Opaque materials appear
heavier than transparent heavier than transparent materials.materials.
Bright, warm, dark-patterned Bright, warm, dark-patterned colors appear heavier than colors appear heavier than grayed, cool, light colors.grayed, cool, light colors.
BalanceBalance
Unusual and unique shapes Unusual and unique shapes and objects have and objects have importance beyond their importance beyond their size.size.
Textures and patterns hold Textures and patterns hold one’s attention longer than one’s attention longer than smooth, plain surfaces.smooth, plain surfaces.
BalanceBalance
Objects above eye level appear Objects above eye level appear to be heavier than objects placed to be heavier than objects placed below eye level.below eye level.
Contrasting textures, patterns, Contrasting textures, patterns, and colors (such as and colors (such as complementary colors) have complementary colors) have greater impact than closer greater impact than closer harmonies (such as analogous).harmonies (such as analogous).
BalanceBalance Brightly-lighted areas Brightly-lighted areas
attract more attention than attract more attention than dimly lit areas.dimly lit areas.
Strong contrasts add Strong contrasts add weight.weight.
Types of Balance…Types of Balance… SymmetricalSymmetrical
Formal BalanceFormal BalanceOne side of the room is the mirror image of the One side of the room is the mirror image of the
otherotherOccurs when the visual weight of a composition
is evenly distributed around a central vertical or horizontal axis
Gives a quiet and restful feelingGives a quiet and restful feelingSuits classical and traditional interiorsSuits classical and traditional interiors
Easiest balance to create, but not as interestingEasiest balance to create, but not as interesting
AsymmetricalAsymmetricalInformal BalanceInformal Balance
Visual weights are equal, but Visual weights are equal, but elements are different in size, form, elements are different in size, form,
color, pattern, and spacingcolor, pattern, and spacingOccurs when the weight of a
composition is not evenly distributed around a central axis
Has an effect of spaciousnessHas an effect of spaciousnessMore lasting appeal; interesting More lasting appeal; interesting
Types of Types of Balance…Balance…
RadialRadial
Furnishings or patterns are arranged Furnishings or patterns are arranged in a circular mannerin a circular manner
Creates a dramatic sense of motion Creates a dramatic sense of motion in a roomin a room
The right and left sides as well as The right and left sides as well as the top and bottom halves of the the top and bottom halves of the
composition are identical. composition are identical.
Types of Balance…Types of Balance…
What kind of balance do you see?What kind of balance do you see?The balance in a room is ever-changing:
When a person enters the room, the balance changes. The clothing they wear and the places they move will change the balance.
The constant changing of natural light and shadows changes the balance.
Day to day living will change the balance in a room… the placement of a magazine on the table, toys left out, even fading of carpet and furniture.
Assignment on Balance
Symmetrical Balance by Your Name
Asymmetrical Balance by Your Name
The symmetrical balance in this room leaves it
feeling formal and peaceful.
The asymmetrical balance in this room
gives it an informal or casual appeal.
1. Using catalogs or magazines, find and identify one picture of a whole room arrangement (or an area of a room) that illustrates symmetrical and one picture that illustrates asymmetrical balance.
2. Use a computer or templates to title each page and label each picture. You may mat the pictures as desired. 3. If the picture you
select does not fill the entire page, you may want to add a picture of balancing scales or a picture of an individual object that illustrates one of the types of balance.
Asymmetric lamp
Symmetrical Balance Name: _____________
Draw and color an arrangement above to illustrate symmetrical design. The small console must have 5 drawers.
Include 1 lamp of any kind, 2 framed pictures of any kind, and one floor rug.