Dr. Srinibas SahooManager, LBD Farm, Khapuria, Cuttack

Balanced Ration & Its Balanced Ration & Its CharacteristicsCharacteristics

What is Ration?What is Ration?

A ration is the feed allowed for a given animal during a day of 24 hours.

*Diet: A prescribed selection of food. Diet: A prescribed selection of food.

What is Balanced Ration?What is Balanced Ration?

A balanced ration is the ration which provides the essential nutrients to the animal in such a proportion and amount that are required for proper nourishment of the particular animal for 24 hours .

Water - Most Important NutrientProteins - Amino Acids ,Dietary Essential Amino

Acids And Non Essential Amino Acids (Growth Of Tissues, Muscles)

Carbohydrates - Soluble Carbohydrates – Starch, Sugar, Crude Fibre – Cellulose, Hemicellulose,Lignin, (Forms Main Bulk Of The Food And Major Source Of Energy)

Necessary nutrients for Necessary nutrients for balanced rationbalanced ration

Fats - Fatty Acids, Dietary Essential Fatty Acids(Fat Soluble Vitamins, 2.5 Times High Energy Than Protein / Carbohydrates)

Minerals - Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, Fl, Cu, Co, Fe, Zn, Mn, Se, Iodine

Vitamins - B1,B2,B6,B12,Niacin, Pantothenate, Biotin ,Choline, Folic Acid, Ascorbic Acid-A, D, E, and K

Necessary nutrients for Necessary nutrients for balanced ration……..balanced ration……..

COMPOSITION OF A DAIRY RATIONCOMPOSITION OF A DAIRY RATION

COMPOSITION OF A DAIRY RATIONCOMPOSITION OF A DAIRY RATION

As per BIS standard (ISI/BIS-2005)

STANDARD PARAMETERS OF CONCENTRATE STANDARD PARAMETERS OF CONCENTRATE

FEEDSFEEDS

FEED CP ME FIBER FAT MOISTURE AIA SALT

MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN

MAX

Dairy Special

24 26 3.2

3.2

7 8 2.5

3 10% 11% 3 4 2%

Milch 20 22 3.2

3.2

6 7 3 3 10% 11% 3 4 2%

Standard 18 20 3.2

3.2

10 12 3 3 10% 11% 3 4 2%

Dry 15 16 2.8

3 18 20 3 3 10% 11% 3 5 2%

Calf 25 26 3 3 10 16 3 3 10% 11% 3 5 2%

Heifer 18 20 3.2

3.2

10 16 3 3 10% 11% 3 5 2%

It should be NUTRITIVE as per standard

It should be palatable

It should be economicalIngredients should

be locally available

Characteristics of Balanced RationsCharacteristics of Balanced Rations

Individual FeedingIt should be fairly

bulky , but not too bulky

It should be Laxative

Variety of Feed in the ration

Characteristics of Balanced Rations…Characteristics of Balanced Rations…

Allow much of Green fodder

Avoid sudden change in diet.

Maintain regularity in feeding

The feed must be properly prepared.

Characteristics of Balanced Rations…Characteristics of Balanced Rations…

DM: Dry Matter content

DCP: Digestible Crude protein

TDN: Total Digestible Nutrients (Energy) =%DCP+%DCF+%DNFE+ %EEX2.25

Prime Consideration of Balanced Prime Consideration of Balanced rations:rations:DM: 2-2.5 Kg per 100

Kg B.WtDM:

Buffaloes/Crossbred 2.5-3 Kg /100 Kg B.Wt.

DCP & TDN are calculated basing on physiological needs or say for the purpose of which the animal is to be fed.

TOTAL DRY MATTER REQUIREMENTTOTAL DRY MATTER REQUIREMENT

A Cross-bred cow B. Wt. 400 KgTotal DM requirement= 2.5 KgX4=10 KgDM from Concentrate=10X1/3=3.33 Kg or say 3.5

KgDM from Dry Roughage=10X2/3=6.66 or say 6.5 KgDM as Dry Roughage=6.6X3/4=4.95 or say 4.9DM from green Roughage (When legume is

available)= 6.6X1/4=1.65 or say 1.6 Kg

Example:Example:

DCP (kg) TDN (kg)

For Maintenance 0.254 3.03

For 10 Ltrs of milk with 4.5% fat

0.480 3.40

Total requirement: 0.734 6.43

A CB Cow 400 Kg yielding 10 Ltrs of milk having 4.5 % Fat

Requirement of DCP & TDNRequirement of DCP & TDN

Requirement as per above Examples:◦ DM=10 Kg◦ Total DCP=0.734 Kg◦ Total TDN=6.43 Kg

Availability of feedstuff:◦ Paddy Straw◦ Cowpea fodder◦ Oat (Flowering) fodder◦ Crushed Maize◦ Ground Nut Cake◦ Gram-Chuni

Example of Balanced RationExample of Balanced Ration

Dry Matter Content:◦ Concentrates=90%◦ Cereal Fodder=20%◦ Legume fodder=30%

Considerations of computation of Ration

1st: DM from roughages & concentrates

2nd:DCP3rd: TDN

◦ DCP & TDN from roughages & concentrates

Example of Balanced Ration….Example of Balanced Ration….

Paddy Straw=5.4 KgOat fodder=3.3 KgCow pea=2.0 KgCrushed Maize=1.66

KgGNOC=0.55 KgGram Chuni=1.66 KgMineral Mixture=1% of

concentrate mixture, i.e.39 grams

Summary: The 400 Kg B Wt., Yielding 10 liters of milk with 4.5% fat requires the following ingredients in 24 hours:-

Example of Balanced Ration….Example of Balanced Ration….

Increase in milk production and net daily incomeIncrease in milk production efficiency Increase in rumen microbial protein synthesisIncrease in immune status of animalsDecrease in parasitic load in animalsDecrease in enteric methane emissionIncrease in efficiency of feed nitrogen use in

milkOverall benefits of the ration balancing

programme

Why balanced rations ?Why balanced rations ?

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Ingredient

Example of Balanced Ration….Example of Balanced Ration….