Page:15 Feb 2011
Ballistic Glide Re-entry Vehicle (BGRV)and Indian Missile Program
-Arun S Vishwakarma
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Page:2
Agenda
• What is BGRV
• Why BGRV
• Indian Context
• Shourya
• Agni missile family
• Summary
05 Feb, 2011 ©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:3
What is BGRV?
• Re-entry vehicle
Protects payload from extremes of temperature and
deceleration experienced when spacecraft re-enter plant’s atmosphere
– Spacecrafts use thick blunt nose RV
• generate separating shockwave to keep away heated gas
• Loses most energy at higher altitude, slow terminal velocity
05 Feb, 2011
SRE (PSLV)
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
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Missile RV
– Missiles use RV with sharp nose
• High ballistic coefficient (low drag)
• Loses most energy at lower altitude, high terminal velocity
• Experiences much higher temperature and deceleration shock
• Most missiles RVs are Ballistic RV that fall down like stones
purely driven by aero-dynamic forces and material ablation
• RV’s with small blunt nose made of ablative material generate
separating shockwave to keep away heated gas
• Most missiles use “dumb” RV
• Missile accuracy depend on precision of launcher and ability
of passive RV to retain shape and structure
• MIRV bus gives precise velocity to RV
05 Feb, 2011
Mk-6 RV
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
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Drawbacks of dumb RV
• Accuracy – Depends on RV behaving consistently, accurate weather estimate
– Missiles ability to impart correct final velocity at point in space
when RV is detached
• Warhead– To compensate for accuracy require bigger high yield warhead
• Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Nemesis – BM Predictable ballistic path in space and through atmosphere
– Ballistic flight means high apogee altitude, radars can detect &
track from great distance, giving vital time space for ABM system
– Ablation leaves plasma ionic trail with large radar cross
section/signature
– Thermal signature
05 Feb, 2011 ©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:6
What is MBRV?
05 Feb, 2011
• Maneuvering Ballistic RV (MBRV) is
different from Ballistic Glide Re-
entry Vehicle (BGRV)
• Accuracy Augmentation
– Pitch and Cross range correction
– Accurate to few meters
– Radar scene correlation
• ABM
– Upto 100 G maneuver
Lightning Bolts, First Maneuvering Reentry Vehicles by William Yengst ISBN # 978-1-61566-547-1
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:7
What is BGRV?
• Ballistic Glide Re-entry Vehicle
05 Feb, 2011
Indian composite BGRV Missile (K-15)
Agni’s Mk-II MARV/BGRV
Lightning Bolts, First Maneuvering Reentry Vehicles by William Yengst ISBN # 978-1-61566-547-1
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:8
BGRV
Shourya/Sagarika (K15): Hypersonic BGRV Missile
05 Feb, 2011 ©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:905 Feb, 2011
BGRV
• Aerodynamics– Long, high aspect ratio body
– Slight angle of attack to generate lift.
– Control surfaces: fins | paddles | small gas thrusters
• Flight– On board flight control and navigation: Hi Accuracy
– ~ 25 G maneuvering
– Porpoise maneuver in pitch axis
– “S” shape maneuver in azimuth plane
– Rolling to spread heat and reduce thermal shielding
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:1005 Feb, 2011
BGRV
• Stealth and ABM resistant– Non-predictive flight trajectory
– ~ 25 G maneuvering
– Rolling spreads heat
• Reduce thermal signature
• Reduced plasma RF RCS signature
– Glides below Long Range Radar horizon
– Flies below space based sensor’s altitude threshold
– Small, light warhead
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:11
Why BGRV?
• Accuracy
– Small, light warhead (Low / medium yield) against hardened or
counter value targets
• Evade ABM defenses
– Reduced arsenal footprint, cost and security
• Increase cost of ABM
– Differential deterrence
– Threatening to low tech adversaries (E.g TSP)
– Stabilized deterrence to N3 (China, Russia, USA)
• NATO study from literature
– Urban target (Pg 180)
Reference:
• Wings of Fire : APJ Kalam
• Weapons Of peace: Raj Changappa
• Lightening Bolt: William Yeangst
05 Feb, 2011 ©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:12
BGRV : Indian context
• Low yield warhead
• Accuracy for 90% target destruction
• Assures destruction of counter value targets
• Cross range targeting of missile silos on far side
of mountain slope
• ABM hardened
• Small missile force does job of large qty
• Multi-application platform
– Shourya/ Sagarika
– Agni-II, II+
– Agni-III, V, MIRV05 Feb, 2011 ©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
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Shourya
• BGRV
• Booster lifts BGRV to 5 Km
• Main stage imparts kinetic energy for cruise
at 40 km altitude
– Evade space sensor and ground radar
• Main stage stays attached to BGRV
– Small Radar RCS
• Fins for hypersonic cruise flight
05 Feb, 2011 ©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:14
Shourya flight types
05 Feb, 2011 ©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:15
Shourya flight types
Shourya/Sagarika : Hypersonic BGRV Missile
05 Feb, 2011 Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Page:16
MBRV
• Maneuvering Ballistic RV:
– Pitch
– CrossRange
05 Feb, 2011
Lightning Bolts, First Maneuvering Reentry Vehicles by William Yengst ISBN # 978-1-61566-547-1
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:17
BGRV foot print
05 Feb, 2011
Lightning Bolts, First Maneuvering Reentry Vehicles by William Yengst ISBN # 978-1-61566-547-1
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:18
What is BGRV?
• “S” Curve on Azimuth plane
05 Feb, 2011
Lightning Bolts, First Maneuvering Reentry Vehicles by William Yengst ISBN # 978-1-61566-547-1
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:19
BGRV Re-entry
05 Feb, 2011
Lightning Bolts, First Maneuvering Reentry Vehicles by William Yengst ISBN # 978-1-61566-547-1
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:20
US MRV
05 Feb, 2011
MRV Mk4ALightning Bolts, First Maneuvering Reentry Vehicles by William Yengst ISBN # 978-1-61566-547-1
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:21
Pershing-II MARV
05 Feb, 2011
Lightning Bolts, First Maneuvering Reentry Vehicles by William Yengst ISBN # 978-1-61566-547-1
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:22
Pershing-II MARV
05 Feb, 2011
Lightning Bolts, First Maneuvering Reentry Vehicles by William Yengst ISBN # 978-1-61566-547-1
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:23
Agni MRV/BGRV
05 Feb, 2011 ©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:24
Agni MRV/BGRV
05 Feb, 2011 ©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:25
Agni missile series
• RV Mk1, Mk-II finned and no-fin
05 Feb, 2011 ©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:26
Chinese / Paki - M11
• Ballistic Glide Re-entry Vehicle
05 Feb, 2011
Lightning Bolts, First Maneuvering Reentry Vehicles by William Yengst ISBN # 978-1-61566-547-1
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:27
Russian Topol-M
• Porpoise (skipping) trajectory
05 Feb, 2011
Lightning Bolts, First Maneuvering Reentry Vehicles by William Yengst ISBN # 978-1-61566-547-1
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:28
Development timeline
05 Feb, 2011
Lightning Bolts, First Maneuvering Reentry Vehicles by William Yengst ISBN # 978-1-61566-547-1
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:29
Performance
05 Feb, 2011
Lig
htn
ing B
olt
s, F
irst
Maneuveri
ng R
eentr
y V
ehic
les
by W
illiam
Yengst
ISB
N #
978
-1-6
156
6-54
7-1
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:30
Indian precursor of BGRV
05 Feb, 2011 ©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:31
Reference
• DRDO, Technical Publications
• Lightning Bolts, First Maneuvering Reentry Vehicles by William Yengst
ISBN # 978-1-61566-547-1
• Indian Defense Review, Lancer Publication
• Wikipedia
05 Feb, 2011 ©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:3222 October 2005
Backup &
Reference material
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:3322 October 2005
Reading Material
Lig
htn
ing B
olt
s, F
irst
Maneuveri
ng R
eentr
y V
ehic
les
by W
illiam
Yengst
ISB
N #
978
-1-6
156
6-54
7-1
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:3422 October 2005
Reading Material
Lightning Bolts, First Maneuvering Reentry Vehicles by William Yengst ISBN # 978-1-61566-547-1
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation
Page:3522 October 2005
Reading MaterialLightning Bolts, First Maneuvering Reentry Vehicles by William Yengst ISBN # 978-1-61566-547-1
©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: [email protected]
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation