Baltic Sea Conference on Migration Issues

Eurofound’s work on migration and integration

Anna Ludwinek

Kiel, March 6th-9th, 2014

06/01/2015 2

European Foundation (Eurofound)

• Established in 1975

• First EU Agency

(DG Employment & Social Affairs)

• Tripartite Board (Govs, employers, trade unions)

‘To provide information, advice and expertise – on living and working conditions and industrial relations in Europe – for key actors in the field of EU social policy on the basis of comparative information, research and analysis’

Monitoring trends and developments in the

quality of work and life, industrial relations and

structural change

Exploring and assessing policies and

practices

Communicating knowledge and

organising debate and exchange

with target groups

Main activities

3

Core areas of expertise

Working conditions

Living conditions

Industrial relations and

collective bargaining

Structural change and

restructuring

4

5

European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS)

1990/91; 1995/96; 2000; 2005; 2010; 2015

European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS)

2003; 2007/8; 2011/12; 2016

European Company Survey (ECS)

2004; 2009; 2013

Monitoring activities

Eurofound will provide high quality,

timely and policy relevant knowledge

as input to better informed policies in four priority areas

Increasing labour market participation and combating unemployment by creating jobs, improving labour markets and promoting integration

Improving working conditions and make work sustainable throughout the life course

Developing industrial relations to ensure equitable and productive solutions in a changing policy context

Improving standards of living and promoting social cohesion in the face of economic disparities and social inequalities

Strategic objective 2013 - 2016

6

Contribution of natural change and net migration (and statistical adjustment) to

population change, 2011

EU Employment and Social Situation, Quarterly Review, March 2013,

Special Supplement on Demographic Trends

Demographic background

Non EU citizens represented two-thirds of the EU

population growth in the past decade and half of

employment growth in the past five years.

Out of just over 30 million non-nationals in the

various EU Member States, 20 million are non-

EU citizens. Up to 10-15 million more people

were born as non-EU citizens and later acquired

citizenship of an EU Member State.

Demographic background

Policy context

• Labour market demands at both ends of skills spectrum

• Europe 2020: better matching labour supply and demand

• Social Investment Package (EC 2013):

Acknowledges: More diverse populations, a more diverse workforce,

more diverse lives

Requests: efficiency improvements in policies

Implies and/or suggests: cost-benefit analysis

Overall: opens a window of opportunity for research to show the costs of

non-action, of missing policies

06/01/2015 10

CLIP- Cities for Local integration polcies

Context

• Important role of cities in the integration of migrants

Implementation of national integration policies

Innovative local policy developments

Indirect part of the emerging coordination process on migration policy on EU level

(‘global approach to migration’)

• Role of EU

Increasing role of EU on migration and integration policies

Coordination

• Role of research

Provide knowledge and expertise

Support dialogue

• Eurofound

Relevant local, national and European policies

supporting management of diversity

• Diversity policies: Improved performance

Use of people’s differences and similarities in order to improve quality of services and

cost efficiency of cities

• Employment policy: Migrants and other ethnic groups

Activation and inclusion into the labour market

• Intercultural policies: Ethnic and religious inter-group relations

2008 European Year of Intercultural Dialogue

• Equality policy: Social rights

Non discrimination, equal opportunities, positive action

• Integration policies for migrants

Common basic principles on integration (2005)

EU Agenda for Integration

• Social inclusion policies National action plans on social inclusion

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Policy objectives of CLIP

• Improve integration policies and practice on the European, national, and local level

• Organise a systematic exchange of experience on ‘what works’ between local authorities in Europe

Within the CLIP network

Between CLIP and other cities

• Support the articulation between the European and the local level on good experience in order to deliver a more effective integration policy for migrants

• Combine a bottom-up with a top-down approach

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Perceived demands of local policy makers

• Systematic overview of effectiveness and efficiency of policies and activities of their city over time

Lack of professional support and of budgets to finance research

• Benchmarking with other cities based on tangible and timely outputs

• Informed and structured dialogue with

Other cities on innovative practice and failures

National and European policy makers

• Independent and professional advice

Break down of internal barriers of communication and cooperation

More effective dialogue with NGOs, migrant organisations, etc

Mobilise political support, more political control

• Building up personal networks

With researchers

With colleagues/politicians in other cities

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Perceived demands by European policy makers

• Top down communication of EU policies in the field with relevance to local authorities

Coordinated integration policy (CBP)

Integration Fund

Anti-discrimination legislation and diversity policy

Social and employment policies and available funds

Research programmes

• Bottom-up communication

Learn from innovative experiences of cities

Implementation of integration policies

Be closer to the European citizens by talking directly to cities

Who is who? Cities in the CLIP network

• Cities in all regions of Europe

• Participating cities in the network:

Dublin, Kirklees, Wolverhampton, Antwerp, Liege, Amsterdam, Breda,

Luxembourg

Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Arnsberg, Vienna, Bologna

Prague, Budapest, Zagreb, Tallinn, Wroclaw

Copenhagen, Turku, Malmo, Sundsval, Helsinki,

Terrassa, Mataro, Barcelona, Valencia, Strasbourg

Athens, Lisbon, Torino, Istanbul, Izmir, Zurich

• Mix of medium sized and larger cities

Cities in the CLIP network and its activities

• Effective peer review process between cities Describing, comparing and evaluating local policies

• Relevant issues Housing

Diversity

Intercultural relations

Ethnic/migrant entrepreneurship

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Inclusion in employment

• Policies, programmes and practice of equality and diversity policies by public sector-authorities in personnel policy regarding migrants

• What do the results of the EF research tell us as regarding local diversity policies?

• Background and importance:

Local authority is often the largest or second largest single employer

in the area

Cities are key service providers to migrants

Local authorities are a significant employer in Europe (4-6%)

• Basis for Eurofound findings

25 case studies in European cities

Overview report and policy recommendations

18

Employment profile of migrant workers in local

authorities: Availability of information

on ethnic/migration background

Source: CLIP study on equality and

diversity in jobs and services in

European cities, 2008 19

Share of migrant employees in local

authorities in comparison to population

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Personnel policy of cities regarding migrants:

Challenges

• Lack of data on employees with migrant background in order to:

Identify problem, analyse barriers

Monitor progress

• Lack of clear vision:

Importance of city jobs in wider integration strategy

• Assumption ‘we treat everyone the same’ ensures equal access to jobs &

promotion

• Hostile media/staff

• Low staff awareness regarding the value of a diverse workforce

• Role for trade unions

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Jobs in public sector/local authorities

for migrants: Barriers

• Legal and procedural restrictions of recruitment of migrants (TCN, intra-EU)

Public administration

Public service

• Overall reduction of staff in local authorities

Bar on any recruitment

• Array of different departmental responsibilities

• Language requirements

Unnecessary high

• Slow recognition of qualifications

• Concerns of customer resistance (provision of social services)

• Necessary resources: advertising, translation, data collection, outreach – cost money & staff time

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What should be on the agenda

• Review legal & procedural barriers to jobs: are they all

necessary?

• Review recruitment methods: do they reach & attract diverse

applicants?

• Assess work environment: would/do staff of differing backgrounds

feel valued?

• Consult migrants: why don’t they apply?

• Procurement: build diversity objectives into contracts

• Staff training & performance assessment:

‘What gets measured gets done!’

Contribution of ethnic entrepreneurship

Economic aspects

Job creation

Own jobs and jobs for others

Provide places for apprentices

More internal local opportunities

New/better products and services

Credibility for certain kinds of business

Filling the gap in the market

Filling gaps not covered by indigenous sector

Rejuvenation of neglected crafts

New external links

Improve local import and export links

New supply and export chains

Social aspects

Enhanced social chances chances for social upward mobility

Roles of community leaders

Revitalisation

Streets and neighbourhoods

New economic, social and cultural life

Critical mass of ethnic entrepreneurs

in several cities

Share of ethnic business among total business (%)

in cities with available data

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Amsterdam Arnsberg Athens Bologna Frankfurt Kirklees Malmo Sundsvall Stuttgart Strasbourg Turku Vienna Zurich

Source: Eurofound

Current and future objectives

• To continue work on the topic of mobility and migration

(the theme is one of the priority areas included also in the

Four-year Work Programme) Two strands of research:

- Intra-EU mobility

- Migration and integration

• Accordingly: two separate project proposals

Migration, labour market policies and the

effective integration of TCN

Research questions:

• What are the institutional arrangements and mechanisms

that link migration policies to labour market policies in

the Member States?

• To what extent are different policies coordinated,

including integration policies?

• What is the impact of the coordination of policies on the

long-term socio-economic integration of migrants?

Migration, labour market policies and the

effective integration of TCN

• Overall objectives

To map procedures, mechanisms and structures used by Member

States to link their policies on migration with policies addressing

labour market needs.

To identify the key actors and forms and extent of stakeholder

involvement in mechanisms applied by Member States to attract and

retain migrants.

To identify mechanisms which address the implications of migration

and labour market policies for other policy domains and the socio-

economic integration of migrants.

To better understand the impact of decisions adopted in relation

to migration on other policy domains

• Representative, input harmonised, cross-country comparable

• Monitors key aspects of working conditions since 1990

• Core surveyed aspects of working conditions

• working time, pay, work organisation, precarious employment

• work-related health risks, cognitive and psychosocial factors

• work-life balance, access to training

• leadership styles, worker participation

• Identify groups at risk and issues of concern as well as of progress

• Surveyed population:

• Working population (employees and self-employed) aged 15+ (based on

Eurostat/LFS definition of an employed person)

• Sample size:

• 1000-2000 (Top-ups up to 3th. in FR and 4th. in BE) – latest wave covered over 44k

• Country coverage:

• 34: EU27, CC3 (Croatia, Macedonia, Turkey), IPA 3 (Albania, Kosovo,

Montenegro), Norway

European Working Conditions

Survey 2010 - basic features

Thank you

alu@eurofound.europa.eu