Date post: | 19-Jun-2015 |
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Science |
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RTB Annual Review and Planning Meeting 2014
29th Sept to 3rd Oct, Entebbe, Uganda
Banana cultivar response to light levels: implications for a cropping system
intensification toolbox
Bananas mixed with trees
backyardperennial
crops
mixed food/fallow
Bananas in coffee with trees in Mesoamerica
Bananas in coffee fields (has)
Mexico 75000
Guatemala 43000
El Salvador 30000
Honduras 84000
Nicaragua 35000
Costa Rica 7000
TOTAL 255,000
Other countries LAC: Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Venezuela, Republica Dominicana, Haiti, Peru,
Other countries Africa: Cameroon, Tanzania, Guinea Conakry, Ghana, Uganda
Research questions
What is the effect of light level (or shade) on banana growth?
Is there a difference among cultivar groups?
Do any cultivars show suitability to more shaded growing conditions
Open sun
25%
50%
75%
100%Radiacion
50% Radiacion
25% Radiacion
75%Radiacion
Cultivars tested:
Pisang mas AA # &Gros Michel AAA # % &Cavendish Williams AAA # % &Robuta Red AAA # %
Dwarf plantain AAB # %False horn AAB # %&Silk AAB # &
Bluggoe ABB # &Pelipita ABB # %
5 plants10 plants
Agronomic management
All cultivars planted as microcorms in nursery bags
Renovation pruning of coffee just prior to banana transplant
Shade pruned every 4 months – differences maintained, although not exact %
Average daily temperatureby treatment
08 % 25 % 50 % 75 %
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Semanas despues del trasplante
21.9
23.2
24.5
25.8
27.1
Te
mp
era
tura
(g
rad
o C
)
08 % 25 % 50 % 75 %
Semanas después del trasplante
Difference Max Temp – Min Tempby treatment
% Relative Humidityby treatment
08 % 25 % 50 % 75 %
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Semanas despues del trasplante
9.0
31.8
54.5
77.3
100.0
Hu
me
da
d R
ela
tiva
(%
)
08 % 25 % 50 % 75 %
Semanas después del trasplante
Hum
edad
rel
ativ
a (%
)
Number of leaves emitted
08 % 25 % 50 %
75 %
5 9 13 18 22
semanas despues del trasplante
1.6
6.7
11.9
17.0
22.1
Nu
me
ro d
e h
oja
s e
mitid
as
08 % 25 % 50 %
75 %
Núm
ero
de h
ojas
em
itida
s
Leaf area/plant
08 % 25 % 50 %
75 %
5 9 13 18 22
Semanas despues del trasplante
0.00
1.84
3.68
5.52
7.36
Áre
a F
olia
r (m
2)
08 % 25 % 50 %
75 %
Number of leaves x cultivar group
AAA AAB
ABB ModHMAAA
08 % 25 % 50 % 75 %
Parcelas
12.0
14.5
17.0
19.5
22.0
Nu
me
ro d
e h
oja
s e
mitid
as
a
AAA AAB
ABB ModHMAAA
Stem girth x cultivar group
AAA AAB
ABB ModcbgpoAAA
08 % 25 % 50 % 75 %
Parcelas
0.20
0.36
0.52
0.67
0.83
Circ
unsf
eren
cia
basa
l (m
)
a
AAA AAB
ABB ModcbgpoAAA
Parcelas
Circ
unfe
renc
ia b
asal
(m
)
AAA cultivar differences:leaf number
baby Gros Mich
ModHEbbw il ModHEGM
ModHEmor morado
Williams
08 % 25 % 50 % 75 %
Parcelas
12.0
14.5
17.0
19.5
22.0
Nu
me
ro d
e h
oja
s e
mitid
as
b
baby Gros Mich
ModHEbbw il ModHEGM
ModHEmor morado
Williams
Baby Gros M
ModAFGM Morado
Modmxbbmor Williams
08 % 25 % 50 % 75 %
Parcelas
0.50
2.88
5.25
7.63
10.00
Are
a F
olia
r (m
2) b
Baby Gros M
ModAFGM Morado
Modmxbbmor Williams
Parcelas
Áre
a fo
liar
(m2 )
AAA cultivar differences:leaf area
Baby Gros M
ModcbGM Modcbmxbbw il
morado Williams
08 % 25 % 50 % 75 %
Parcelas
0.20
0.36
0.51
0.67
0.83
Circ
unsfe
renc
ia b
asal
(m)
b
Baby Gros M
ModcbGM Modcbmxbbw il
morado Williams
Parcelas
C
ircun
fere
ncia
bas
al (
m)
AAA cultivar differences:stem girth
Pes
o de
l rac
imo
(Kg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Gros MichelWilliamsDatil
Minima 25% 50% 75%
AAA cultivar differences:bunch size
Conclusions:
Shade reduced productivity of all cultivars
Not linear responseup to 25-35% shade with minimal effects
Gros Michel continues to produce even in heavy shade
Are there other cultivars with exceptional traits?
Fusarium wilt
Tool box for mixed cropping systems
Light response:
Relative water uptake:Stomata close/soil waterBanana -0.10 to -0.20MPacoffee -0.50 to -1.0MPa
Relative nutrient absorption
Root density
Soil microbial communities
RTB species/cultivarsFunctional characteristics:
Tool box for mixed cropping systems
Light response:
Relative water uptake:Stomata close/soil waterBanana -0.10 to -0.20MPacoffee -0.50 to -1.0MPa
Relative nutrient absorption
Root density
Soil microbial communities
RTB species/cultivarsFunctional characteristics:
Associated treesPerennial cropsGreen manure cropsAnnual grainsRTB
Thank you, Gracias, Merci beaucoup