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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11 Banana Jet Banana Jet ® ® The Revolution in Jet Fan Design Banana Banana Jet Jet ® ® The Revolution in Jet Fan Design
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Page 1: Banana Jet - WITT INDIA Jet ® The Revolution in ... Profile Types Picture Resistance Coefficient at Exit Portal. Banana Jet ... But guides vanes have at least negative impact on the

Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11

Banana JetBanana Jet ®®The Revolution in Jet Fan Design

BananaBanana JetJet ®®

The Revolution in Jet Fan Design

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

Basic Jet fan principle

� Air flow forced by:� shock impulse of the jet fan airstream

� Relation of� thrust T (jet fans)

and� pressure Dp (axial fans)

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

Basic laws of physics in tunnels

� A short explanation:

c

ζζζζin ζζζζoutζζζζfriction

zzzzpiston

tunneltotalgrosrequiredtotal

dyn

winddynoutpistonfrictionintotal

ApT

AQ

cp

ppp

⋅∆=

⋅=⋅=∆

∆+∆⋅+++=∆

,,

22

22with

)(

ρρ

ζζζζ

DDDDpwind

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

Losses by tunnel design – Wall effect

� Impulse loss - “Wall effect” (Kempf)� Distance of fan axis to one boundary

Thrust, still air

Thrust, incl. losses

Losses

Traditional Jet

~9% losses

Traditional JetTraditional Jet

~13% losses ~15% losses

5.1DZ = 0.1

DZ = 7.0

DZ =

Z

D

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

Losses by tunnel design – Exit portal profil

� Impulse loss - Profile at portal

acc. to I.E. Idelchik - “Handbook of hydraulic resistance”

zzzz = 3.67Asymmetric

zzzz = 1.55 to 2.0Parabolic

zzzz = 1Uniform

Resistance CoefficientPictureProfile Typesat Exit Portal

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

Increasing efficiency by reducing avoidable losses

To reduce losses by different friction effects, guide vans are often used to direct the airstream towards the tunnel centre and away from the ceiling or walls.But guides vanes have at least negative impact on the generated sound level.

There for Witt & Sohn considered bending the silencers at an angle of 5-10°

The Banana Jet design was created!

Traditional Jet Banana JetBanana Jet ®®

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

Increasing thrust efficiency

� Technical� Increased thrust efficiency in the tunnel

Banana JetBanana Jet ®®

Traditional Jet

KempfCoanda

Backgroung velocity

by reductionof losses

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

Banana Jet advantages regarding the wall effect

� Reduction due to „No“ wall effect(depending on type of installation)

~2-5%~0%~0%Loss of thrust,Banana JetBanana Jet ®®

- (18-30%)- (15 - 25%)- (5 - 15%)Reduction of required thrust

20-35%15-25%5-15%Loss of thrust, Traditional Jet

K1

1−≈2

K1

1

−≈3

K1

1

−≈

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

Net outlet vel. cout, n

Background velocity - Effects on the jet impuls

� Impulse loss - Background velocity� Reduces gross outlet velocity

(to increase average tunnel speed)

Gross outlet vel. cout, g

Background vel. cBG

cBG

cout, g

cout, ncBG

=

-

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� Different profiles:� Traditional Jet Fan

� Inhomogeneous air profile

� High velocity at wall/ ceiling

� Banana Jet ®® Fan� Homogeneous air profile

� Reduced velocity at wall/ ceiling (~80%)

0 20 40 60 80 100 air velocity [%]

road

Traditional Jet

tunnel ceiling

road0 20 40 60 80 100 air velocity [%]

Banana JetBanana Jet ®®

tunnel ceiling

Background velocity - Effects on the jet impuls

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

Effects - Geometry

� Losses by tunnel (case-to-case)� Geometry e.g. curves, slope� Obstacles close to the jet fan outlet

� niches, traffic signs, etc.

Traditional Jet

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

Effects - Geometry

� The Banana JetBanana Jet ®®:� NO losses by wall effect� Reduced losses by obstacles

Banana JetBanana Jet ®®

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

� Impulse loss - Profile at portal:� Short distance of last jet fan battery to exit portal (< 100m) due to cost

savings for cables

Effects- Portal

Traditional Jet

tunnel ceiling

portal

road

Banana JetBanana Jet ®®

tunnel ceiling

portal

road

zzzz = 1.02 to 1.05zzzz = 1.08 to 1.25

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Why BJ gains higher efficiency - First summary

� 5 main effects(1) explain higher efficiency(2): � Flow/ friction losses due to

� Coanda effect

� No Impulse losses due to� Background velocity

� Wall effect (Kempf)

� Tunnel discharge profile at portal

� Influence of tunnel geometry

(1) no congestion, no piston,no chimney effect

(2) compared to Traditional Jet Fan

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

Increasing efficiency – Saving money

� Commercial aspect:� Higher efficiency of the TVS

(Tunnel Ventilation System):

� Smaller fans or lower number of fans can be used� Lower costs of investment, installation, operation, maintenance

el

BGTVS P

c~

Ση

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

Reducing electrical consumption

BananaBanana JetJet ®®

Traditional JetINPUT: Pel

OUTPUT: cBG, TJ = cBG, BJBJ

cBGINPUT: Pel

ηTVS, BJBJ > η η η η TVS, TJ

INPUT: Pel, TJ > Pel, BJBJ

INPUTOUTPUT=η

el

BGTVS P

c~η

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

Test in Tunnels - Results

� Comparative tests in 3 tunnels

Uznaberg West Tunnel

Switzerland

Collombey Tunnel Switzerland

Krohnstieg TunnelGermany

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Test in Tunnels - Results

� Test set-up:� Banana JetBanana Jet ®® Fan :

� Modified to Traditional Jet Fan:

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Test in Tunnels - Results

� Test set-up:

� same quantity

� same size

� same performance

same INPUT

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Test in Tunnels - Results

� Test procedure:Grid-measurement of air velocity 1)

1) acc. to Log-Tchebycheff-Method

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Test in Tunnels - Results

� Hypothesis:

„With same INPUT the Banana Jet ® fan

� has higher effective thrust, i.e.

� produce higher tunnel air velocity, i.e.

provides higher „OUTPUT“

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Test in Tunnels - Results

� Results of air velocity profiles (3D)

Ref. chart: velocity [m/s]

0.0 15.012.03.0 6.0 9.0

BananaBanana JetJet ®® FanFan

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

Banana Jet ®

Trad. Jet

Test in Tunnels - Results

� Results of performance in tunnel

Effective thrust

T in % of Traditional Jet Fan

0 25 50 75 100 125 150

Tunnel air velocity

cBG in m/s

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

UznabergUznaberg

CollombeyCollombey

KrohnstiegKrohnstieg

Banana Jet ®

Trad. Jet

Banana Jet ®

Trad. Jet

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

Test in Tunnels - Results

� Reference: Bypass Schmerikon

Location Switzerland, Kanton St. GallenLength 1 x 1318 m + 2 x 940 mTraffic bidirectional + unidirectionalRealized 2003Tests Banana effect proven by

independent measurements

115100%Tunnel average velocity

%

kW

kW

N

N

-

132100Total thrust tunnel

548.1 (85%)640.5 (100%)Pelectric total

26.130.5Pelectric per fan

16170 (80%)20286 (100%)Thrust, total

770 (80%)966 (100%)Thrust per fan

2121Quantity of fans

Realized with Banana Jet ®Design schedule

Source: Witt & Sohn analysis

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Test in Tunnels - Results

� Reference: Tunnel AubingLocation Motorway ring (Munich)Length 2 x 1950 mTraffic unidirectionalRealized 2005 - 2006Tests Banana effect proven by

independent measurements

144100%Total thrust tunnel

120100%Tunnel average velocity

kW

kW

N

N

-

1003 (80%)1254 (100%)P electric total

20.920.9P electric per fan

24768 (80%)30960 (100%)Thrust, total

516516Thrust per fan

48 (80%)60 (100%)Quantity of fans

Realized with Banana Jet ®Design schedule

Source: Witt & Sohn analysis

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

CFD-Simulation

� Results – vector diagrams

6.T/B : Round tunnel profile, 1 Fan @ centre, size 1250

9.T/B : Square tunnel profile, 1 Fan @ centre, size 1250

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CFD-Simulation

� Results – air velocity, empty tunnel

1.T/B : Square tunnel profile, 1 Fan @ centre, size 710:

4.T/B : Square tunnel profile, 2 Fans @ corner, size 710:

9.T/B : Square tunnel profile, 1 Fan @ corner, size 1250:

TJ

BJ

TJ

BJ

TJ

BJ

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CFD-Simulation

� Results – air velocity, traffic jam

� Losses by cars: -2 .. -12% � -6%(compared to empty tunnel)

1.T/B : Square tunnel profile, 1 Fan @ centre, size 710:

2.T/B : Square tunnel profile, 1 Fan @ corner, size 710:

TJ

BJ

TJ

BJ

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

33 %

23 %

30 %27 %24 %21 %18 %15 %

34 %31 %28 %25 %21 %19 %

42 %39 %37 %34 %32 %29 %27 %

48 %45 %42 %39 %37 %35 %33 %

50 %48 %45 %43 %40 %38 %35 %

56 %53 %50 %47 %44 %41 %38 %

55 %52 %50 %47 %45 %43 %41 %

60 %57 %55 %52 %50 %47 %45 %

CFD-Simulation

� Prediction for Banana Banana JetJet ®®-advantage

8 m/s7 m/s6 m/s5 m/s4 m/s3 m/s2 m/s

Thrust improvement [%] 1 towards TJat different tunnel air speeds [ m/s]

Configuration

1 tolerances: +/- 10%

Preliminary

� Actual measurements of tested tunnel

Bold � Results of CFD analysis

Rest � Predicted values

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CFD-Simulation

Configuration

Losses by the 3 sides of the niche reduced

Losses by the 2 sides of the corner reduced

Niche acts as BJ � Coanda effect reducedBJ reduces interaction between both fans

Less interaction of both fans

Niche acts as BJ � Coanda effect reduced

Air is not travelling down the side walls

Mainly Coanda effect

Coanda effect + less interaction of both fans

Preliminary

Reasons for BananaBanana JetJet ®®-advantage

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

Commercial benefits

� Cost SAVINGS � Case A:

Smaller size / same quantity of fans

�Less CONSTRUCTION costs

�Less INVESTMENT costs

�Less RUNNING costs

�Smaller POWER SUPPLY PLANT

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Commercial benefits

� Cost SAVINGS

� Case B:Less quantity/ same size of fans�Less CONSTRUCTION costs�Less INVESTMENT costs�Less RUNNING costs �Smaller POWER SUPPLY PLANT�Less INSTALLATION costs�Less MAINTENANCE costs

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

Benefits – General Contractor

� Cost SAVINGS:1. CONSTRUCTION:

�Smaller cross section/ excavation

�No performance losses by� Obstacles (e.g. traffic signs, lights)� Use of niches

! ! ! !

Standard Jet

HDVHDV CAR

BANANA Jetwith niches

CAR

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

(1) E90-cable costs: 25 – 58 €/m (incl. installation)(2) discount rate: 10%

Benefits – E&M Contractor

2. INVESTMENT:� Smaller size or reduced quantity

(FANS and CABLES)

Krohnstieg

Collombey

Uznaberg

Krohnstieg

Collombey

Uznaberg

~ 18 %~ 18 %~ 25 %~ 25 %

~ 29 %

~ 23 %

~14 %

~ 11 %

~ 10 %

BananaBanana JetJet ®®

~ 13 %~ 13 %

Fans (2)

~~ 41 %41 %Cables (1)

~~ 34 %34 %

~ 22 %~ 22 %

~ 15 %~ 15 %

Standard Jetin % of total costs

Savings for Fan & Cables

~ 30 %

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

~86+5 (1)2.0D: -12~93

~86+4 (1)1.5D: -10~92

with silencersincreased level(battery)

silencer‘sattenuation

w/o. silencers

~86+5 (1)1.5D: -10~91

Benefits – E&M Contractor

2. INVESTMENT: � Shorter/smaller SILENCER

� Same total SOUND level(*)

� Table:Sound pressure levels, 3m, 45°, ff [dB(A)]:

(*): with same total thrust (1): experienced values

Savings for shorter silencers

~ 15 to 40 %

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

Benefits – Client

3. RUNNING costs:� Less unit power consumption or

reduced quantity

(1) basis:operation time: 1000h p.a.energy cost: € 0,1 kW/h

~ 35 %~ 35 %

~ 33 %

~ 38 %

Banana JetBanana Jet ®®

~ 53 %Uznaberg

~ 53 %Krohnstieg

~ 44 %Collombey

Standard Jetin % of total costs

Savings for Running costs

~ 30 %

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

Benefits – all parties

� Total SAVINGS (investment + running)

running costs

cable costs

investment costs

Ban

ana

Ban

ana

Jet

Jet®®

Tra

ditio

nal J

et

Ban

ana

Jet

Ban

ana

Jet®®

Tra

ditio

nal J

et

Ban

ana

Jet®

Tra

ditio

nal J

et

Savings of 20 years

Total Project Costs

~ 30 %

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4. Installation (mounting):� E.g. directly under ceiling

�No wall effect (Kempf)

�Less space consumption�Simple mounting structure�Less quantity of fans (Case B)

Benefits – E&M Contractor

ceiling

Banana JetBanana Jet ®®

ceiling

Traditional JetTraditional Jet

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

5. Environment:

� Pollution: 550g CO2 / kWh (1) (or higher)

� ~ 30 % CO2-reductio (in line with reduced power consumption)

� Fulfilment of latest UN-report, part 3 (climate crisis)

Benefits – Environment

(1) based on 60% fossil, 30% nuclear, 10% renewable(German Energy Mix/ Power Generation Standards)

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

References

6. References - worldwide:

1

9

13

4

2

3

1

4

Tunnels

Portugal

Norway

Germany

France

China

Chile

Austria

Australia

Country

1Venezuela

56

1

1

8

1

5

1

1

Total

UK

U.A.E.

Swizerland

Sweden

Spain

Singapore

Russia

TunnelsCountry

15.03.2011

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Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11Banana Jet ®

Banana Jet advantages - Summary

� 20-60% higher effective thrust with Banana Jets (samefan size)

� Easy selection� Comfortable integration into tunnel concept� Great benefits (cost savings) for all parties� Helps to reduce CO2

� Proven in over 50 tunnels WORLDWIDE

Banana JetBanana Jet ®®

PPatentatent No. No. 10506841050684


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