Date post: | 19-Jan-2017 |
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Presented by Dr. Rahul Walawalkar
Executive Director, India Energy Storage Alliance &President & MD, Customized Energy Solutions India Pvt. Ltd
Energy Storage for Microgrids:Poised for rapid adoption
Presented at
CES is at the forefront of competitive electricity markets and
emerging technology trends
CES servicesClientsLocation
Industry orientationHeadcountHeadquarter
• US: 9 regional offices covering PJM, NYISO, ISONE, CAISO, MISO, ERCOT & SPP
• India• Canada• Japan• Mexico
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
150+ Global
500+ Clients Worldwide
Our consulting services enables competitive suppliers, technology providers, marketers, utilities and customers to prosper through change, by turning knowledge into value
Select Global Emerging Tech Clients
3Confidential (www.ces-ltd.com)
Role of Energy Storage in Indian Grid
Energy storage could play a key enabling role in every aspect of modern grid including Generation, Transmission, Distribution and at Customer Premise
(including electric vehicles)
Current Status of US & India Projects
• US drivers– Ancillary services – Solar –storage integration for peak load
& demand charge management– Microgrids for resilient grid / campus – Diesel minimization in islands
• India drivers– Diesel minimization for islands & C&I– Renewable integration– Energy access– Ancillary services for Grid reliability &
power quality
Source: US DOE Energy Storage database & India Energy Storage Alliance
Microgrid Challenges
• Coordinated control of a large number of distributed sources with probably conflicting requirements
• Limited communication imposes the adoption of distributed intelligence techniques
• Management of instantaneous active and reactive power balances, power flow and network voltage profiles
• Micro Grids are dominated by inverter interfaced distributed sources that are inertia-less while traditionally, power grids are supplied by sources having rotating masses which are essential for the inherent stability of the systems.
6Source : Agarwal & Mittal Maulana Azad National institute of tech , Bhopal
MicroGrid Challenges • Maintaining stability and power quality in the islanding mode of
operation requires the development of sophisticated control strategies which need to be included on both generation and demand sides.
• Transitions from interconnected to islanding mode of operation are likely to cause large mismatches between generation and loads, posing a severe frequency and voltage control problem.
• Instable operation during faults and various network disturbances may occur if Storage components are not there.
• High resistance to reactance ratio of the low voltage networks, resulting in strong coupling of real and reactive power. Hence the control of voltage and frequency can no longer be considered separately.
7Source : Agarwal & Mittal Maulana Azad National institute of tech , Bhopal
Microgrid – operational Challenges
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Solar Smoothing and ramp Rate Control
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Energy Storage for wind Smoothing
Wind Farm Output With Firming
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2 Hour Event 2 Second Resolution
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Demonstration of wind smoothing a 18 MW wind farm with 4 MW - 10 min energy storage.
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EES Selection Criteria
• Power Rating and Energy Capacity• Round Trip Efficiency• Service Life
– Cycle Life– Calendar Life
• System Cost– Cost per Unit Power ($/kW)– Cost per Unit Energy ($/kWh)
Advanced Lead Acid
Lead-Acid batteries consist of two electrodes: Lead and lead-dioxide immersed in sulfuric acid.
Performance measure
Cycle Life
Energy Efficiency (%)
Price Point ($/kWh)
Market leader
1200 80 200
Best in class 2000 85 300
Lead Acid
Sodium based battery - NAS
Sodium-sulfur (NaS) batteries use molten sodium and sulfur electrodes separated by a ceramic electrolyte
Sodium Based
Performance measure
Cycle Life
Energy Efficiency (%)
Price Point ($/kWh)
Market leader
4000 70 500
Best in class 6000 85 750-1000
Li-ion Battery Technology
Li-ion battery uses graphite as the anode material and LiFePO4 or LiCoO2 or Lithium titanate or lithium nickel manganese cobaltate as the cathode.
Li-Ion Batteries
Performance measure
Cycle Life
Energy Efficiency (%)
Price Point ($/kWh)
Market leader 2000 90 400
Best in class 8000+ 95 600
Flow Battery TechnologyFlow batteries use liquid electrolytes with fixed cells to store and regenerate power. Various flow battery chemistries exist such as vanadium redox, zinc-bromine, iron - chromium etc.
Performance measure
Cycle Life
Energy Efficiency (%)
Price Point ($/kWh)
Market leader 5000 60 500
Best in class 10000 70 1000
Flow Batteries
Future Advances in Energy Storage
PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT
• Flow batteries boast of an exceptional cycle lifetime but have a much lower roundtrip energy efficiency as compared to lithium ion batteries.
• Lead acid batteries have high efficiency and low cost but their cycle lifetime is very low compared to other technologies
INNOVATIVE materials and cell design improvements which can enhance the specific properties of respective energy storage technologies will play a crucial role in making the technologies attractive for rapid commercialization.
Key Trends in Energy Storage
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Energy Storage Landscape 2016
* In addition Thermal storage, ultra capacitors and fuel cells are also part of energy storage ecosystem
A platform for scaling technically and financially sustainable microgrids.
Combined buying power when dealing
with OEMs
Affordable electricity for end consumer
Linking electricity to economic development
of region
Better Channelizing of Funds
Data analytics for better energy management and
system modelling Reporting services for funding agencies and microgrid developers
Scaling up of Operations
Product innovation for Bottom of Pyramid
Why Microgrid Initiative for Campus & Rural Opportunities?
Database of existing & potential microgrids and
efficient equipment
Policy Makers
Funding Agency
Communication& Automation
Technology Provider
Developers
Local body
Habitants
Key Stakeholders in Off-grid and Microgrid Rural Electrification
Habitants of un-electrified remote hamlets and villages are the most important stakeholders and their aspirations and well-being are the key to viability of micro-grids.
Business and Value Proposition
System designed to monitor over 100,000 microgrids
Optimizing Microgrid design and Improving life & efficiency
Suboptimal design & operations of Inverter & Batteries can be optimized to improve economics
Power conversion at lower efficiency
Inverters were found working at lower efficiency by around 10.0% in the sites visited by CES. Either the inverters are less efficient than that considered above or probably, the battery charging efficiency is 9% or 10% lower than theoretical value. This is probably due to hard sulphate formation in battery plates, which are always operating at low state of charge and the absence of any freshening/equalizing charge regime.
Oversized plants
System build with 6 kW of solar PV are delivering less than 1 kW of output through out the day. This leads to poor return on investment, lower conversion efficiency of the inverters and idle battery capacity which can lead to incapability of the storage to deliver deep discharge during the actual requirement.
Battery State-of-charge
• SoC read by inverter at Site A was 77% and as confirmed by Exide as per specific gravity readings was 38%
• SoC read by inverter at Site B was 85% and as confirmed by Exide as per specific gravity readings was 44%
Hence, during a sunny day the power generated by plant was almost zero as the inverter had put batteries on float mode reading SoC as 85%. But unfortunately batteries were only partially charged.
Microgrid Initiative for Campus & Rural Opportunities (MICRO)
– Phase 1
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Skills Development and Integrating Microfinance for Economic Growth
Partnering with microfinance institutions and other funding agencies for supporting economic development through Sustainable anchor loads linked to village economy.
We are organizing workshops through industry academic collaborations for skill development and sharing best practices.• 1st workshop held in December 2015.• 4 regional workshops planned for
2016.
MICRO Team & Partners
Harsh Thacker,Project & Stakeholder Manager
Dr. Satish B Agnihotri,Chief Advisor
Javed Shaikh, Technical Manager and Portal Developer
Jyoti Deka, Site Inspection and Load Designing
Dr. Rahul Walawalkar,Thinker-in-chief, Chairman
Rajarshi Sen, Battery and System Design Expert
Vinay Walimbe, Progress Monitoring
Vipul Pagrut, Hardware Engineer
A diverse team developed to achieve these initiatives.
Join IESA to learn more!
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Customized Energy Solutions India Pvt. Ltd.A 501, GO Square
Aundh - Hinjewadi Link Rd, WakadPune, Maharashtra 411057 India
Phone: [email protected]
Customized Energy Solutions Ltd.1528 Walnut Street, 22nd Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA
Phone: +1-215-875-9440Fax: +1-215-875-9490
Dr. Rahul WalawalkarExecutive Director, IESA &
President and MD, CES [email protected]
US Cell: +1-516-639-5391 India Cell: +950-303-1765