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6th BIOPLASTICS MARKETS
Bangkok, May 23-24, 2012
Bruno DE WILDE
SUBSTANTIATING OF CLAIMS – HOW TO PROVE ?
TOPICS
* OWS
* INDUSTRIAL COMPOSTABILITY: EXPERIENCES & OUTLOOK
* OTHER BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS
* BIO-BASED
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FIGURES* FOUNDED IN 1988* SALES: 15 MILLION € IN 2011* 80 EMPLOYEES
OFFICES* HEAD OFFICE: GENT, BELGIUM* AFFILIATE: OWS INC., DAYTON, OHIO, US* PARTNER: DJK INTERNATIONAL, TOKYO, JAPAN
ACTIVITIES* DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
PLANTS FOR SOLID AND SEMI-SOLID ORGANICS* BIOGAS CONSULTANCY & SUPPORT* BIODEGRADATION TESTING AND
WASTE MANAGEMENT CONSULTANCY
ORGANIGRAM
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LABORATORY
* ‘ONE-STOP’ LABORATORY FOR BIODEGRADABILITY AND COMPOSTABILITY TESTING
* COMPLETELY INDEPENDANT* QUALITY CONTROL: ISO 17025
* RECOGNIZED BY ALL CERTIFICATION BUREAUS
* ACTIVE IN STANDARDIZATION: CEN – ASTM – ISO* MEMBER OF DIN-CERTCO CERTIFICATION COMMITTEE &
SEVERAL INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATIONS (EuBP)
* MORE THAN 20 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE
* 2000+ SAMPLES TESTED FOR 500+ CLIENTS
REFERENCE LIST – AD PLANTS
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REFERENCE LIST - LABORATORY•3M - USA
•AHSLTROM - UK & USA
•AKZO NOBEL - The Netherlands
•ALCAN PACKAGING - Ireland & Mexico
•AMCOR FLEXIBLES - UK
•BASF - Germany
•BAYER - Germany
•BECAUSE WE CARE - Australia
•BERKSHIRE LABELS - UK
•BIOGRADE - Australia
•BIOSPHERE - USA
•BIOSTARCH - Australia
•BIOTEC - Germany
•BAT - UK
•BRODRENE HARTMANN - Denmark
•CARGILL - USA & The Netherlands
•CARREFOUR - Belgium
•CHIMIGRAF - France
•CIBA - France, Switzerland & Italy
•CLARIANT - Italy
•CLARIFOIL - UK
•CLOROX - USA
•CORN PRODUCTS - Brazil
•DANIMER - USA
•DONGGUAN YINTIAN - China
•DOW CHEMICAL - USA
•DUPONT – USA
•EASTMAN – USA
•FAR EASTERN - Taiwan
•FINA - Belgium
•FKUR - Germany
•FLINT - France
•GOODY - Australia
•GRACE BIOTECH - Taiwan
•GREENGOOD - Hong Kong
•HUHTAMAKI - Finland, USA & The Netherlands
•HYCAIL - The Netherlands
•IGGESUND - Sweden
•INBEV - UK
•INNOVIA FILMS - UK
•INTERNATIONAL PAPER - USA
•KAFRIT - Israel•KLABIN - Brazil
•KINGFA - China
•KÖRSNAS - Sweden
•KUAN CHUN PAPER - Taiwan
•L’ORÉAL - France
•MEAD WEST VACO - USA
•METABOLIX - USA
•MONDI PACKAGING - Austria•NATURA PACKAGING - Germany
•NATUREWORKS - USA
•NINTENDO - Japan
•NITTO EUROPE - Belgium
•NOVAMONT - Italy
•P & G - Belgium, USA & UK
•PACTIV - USA
•PEPSICO - UK
•PHB INDUSTRIAL - Brazil
•PLANTIC - Australia
•POLYONE - Belgium
•PROCURASELL - UK
•RODENBURG - Netherlands
•ROHM & HAAS - USA
•SABIC - Saudi Arabia
•SAMSUNG - South Korea
•SANFORD - USA
•SAPPI - Germany
•SARA LEE - UK & The Netherlands
•SCA HYGIENE - The Netherlands
•SHOWA DENKO - Japan
•SMURFIT-KAPPA - France
•SOLO CUP - USA & UK
•SOLVAY - Belgium
•STANELCO - UK
•STORA ENSO - Finland
•SUN CHEMICAL - Spain, UK & France
•SYNBRA - The Netherlands
•TETRA PAK - Sweden
•TOYOTA - Japan
•ULICE-LIMAGRAIN - France
•UNILEVER - France
•UPM RAFLATAC - UK
•WACKER CHEMIE - Germany
•WEIMON – Taiwan
•WUHAN HUALI – China
… and many more
EU RESEARCH PROJECTS
FORBIOPLAST: 'Forest Resource Sustainability through Bio-based-Composite Development'
Website: www.forbioplast.eu
Coordinator: UNIPI (Italy)
Partners: LPRT and PEMU (Hungary), IWC (Latvia), UAL (Spain),
CARTIF (Spain), UASVM (Romania) and CRF (Italy)
HYDRUS: 'Development of cross-linked flexible bio-based and biodegradable pipe and drippers
for micro-irrigation applications’
Website: www.aimplas.es/proyectos/hydrus
Coordinator: AIMPLAS (Spain)
Partners: FKuR (Germany), EXTRULINE (Spain), TOTRA (Slovenia), BAIX (Spain),
FORMFLEX, METAZET and TNO (Netherlands) and UNIPI (Italy)
ECOBIONET: 'Industrial implementation of biodegradable and compostable
packaging nets for agricultural and shellfish products'
Website: www.aimplas.es/proyectos/ecobionet
Coordinator: AIMPLAS (Spain)
Partners: TECNARO (Germany), MESEGUER and ECOPLAS (Spain)
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OWS ACTIVE MEMBERSHIP
• ISO TC 61/SC 5/WG 22 : Biodegradable Plastics official Belgian delegate TC 122 /SC 4/WG 7: Packaging - Organic Recovery
• CEN TC 261/SC 4/WG 2 : Packaging – Degradability official Belgian delegate
TC 249/WG 9 : Biodegradable Plastics
• ASTM D 20.96 Biodegradable Plastics
• DIN FNK 103.2 Bioabbaubare Kunststoffe
• DIN CERTCO Certification Committee Biodegradable Materials
• EuBP European Bioplastics
• BEDPS (USA) Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society
• BCPN (Netherlands) Belangenvereniging Composteerbare Producten Nederland
• BBP (Belgium) Belgian Bio Packaging
TOPICS
* OWS
* INDUSTRIAL COMPOSTABILITY: EXPERIENCES & OUTLOOK
* OTHER BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS
* BIO-BASED
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END OF LIFE MGMT – WHY BIOLOGICAL?
* LADDER OF LANSINK : 1. REDUCTION (HOME COMPOSTING ?)2. RE-USE 3. RECYCLING : - MATERIAL
- ORGANIC (BIOLOGICAL)- ENERGY
4. INCINERATION 5. LANDFILLING
* COST : BIOLOGICAL CHEAPER THAN INCINERATION
* MATERIAL RECYCLING : LIMITATIONS
* DISTINCTION : WET WASTE vs DRY WASTE
BIOLOGICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT: VARIOUS OPTIONS
Aerobic
composting
Anaerobic
digestion
Mechanical
treatment
Biological treatment
separate organic wasteresidual waste
Home
composting
centralized
household
collection
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STANDARIZATION GROUPS
ISO
JIS
CEN
ASTMAFNOR DIN BS
WORLDWIDE
PAN
NATIONAL
* 3 ‘LEVELS’ OF STANDARDIZATION
THEORY: COMPOSTABILITY NORMS
* STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS : TESTS AND CRITERIA
EUROPE USA WORLDWIDE
PLASTICS EN 14995 ASTM D.6400 ISO 17088
PACKAGING EN 13432 ISO DIS 18606
PAPER COATING ASTM D.6868
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QUALITY OF COMPOST
MIXED WASTE
‘COMPOST’
1 bin
SOURCE SEPARATION
green bin
grey bin
HIGH QUALITY
COMPOST
green bin
• LANDFILL
• INCINERATION
• BIO STABILISATION
???
COMPONENTS OF COMPOSTABILITY
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BIODEGRADATION ≠ DISINTEGRATION
BIODEGRADATION = MINERALISATION
POLYMERS
OLIGOMERS
MONOMERS
BIOCHEMICALS (alcohols, acids)
MINERALS (CO2, H2O, CH4)
+ BIOMASS
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2) BIODEGRADATION - CRITERIA
* TEST METHODS: ISO 14855 (COMPOST)ISO 14851 & ISO 14852 (WATER)ISO 17556 (SOIL)
* DURATION: MAXIMUM 6 MONTHS
* PASS LEVEL: 90% BIODEGRADATION
(absolute or relative to a reference)
* EXEMPTED: 1. ‘IRRELEVANT’ COMPONENTS (< 1%, ∑<5%)2. CHEMICALLY UNMODIFIED MATERIALS
OF NATURAL ORIGIN
3) DISINTEGRATION – CRITERIA
* TEST METHOD: ISO 16929 (PILOT-SCALE)
* DURATION: 12 WEEKS
* PASS LEVEL: 90% DISINTEGRATION
(max. 10% may remain on 2 mm sieve)limited to MAXIMUM THICKNESS
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ISO 16929 : PILOT-SCALE DISINTEGRATION TEST
3) DISINTEGRATION – TEST RESULTS
* IMPORTANCE OF THICKNESS, GRAMMAGE, DENSITY,…
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4) ECOTOXICITY - CRITERIA
* TEST METHHOD: EN13432 + OECD208 (2 PLANTS)
* DURATION: 2-3 WEEKS
* PASS LEVEL: 90% GERMINATION/GROWTH
* AUSTRALIA:ALSO EARTHWORMS
COMPOSTABILITY CERTIFICATION
* EUROPE : SEEDLING LOGO : DIN CERTCO & VINÇOTTE
OK COMPOST LOGO : VINÇOTTE
* USA : BPI LOGO
* JAPAN : JBPA LOGO
* AUSTRALIA : ABA LOGO
* ITALY – KOREA – CANADA – CATALUNYA – FINLAND
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Agency DIN CERTCO & Vinçotte Vinçotte
Basis of certificationEN13432, ASTM D6400
& ISO 17088EN13432
Geographical valueGermany, Switzerland,
Netherlands, Austria
France, Italy,
Spain, Belgium
Number of certified items (April 2012)
152 materials6 additives
263 products
158 materials122 additives350 products
SEEDLING LOGO vs. OK COMPOST LOGO
COMPOSTABILITY CERTIFICATION : ISSUES
* OVERALL POSITIVE EXPERIENCE, HOWEVER…
* NECESSITY OF BY-LAWS : - BLENDS OF CERTIFIED COMPONENTS - MULTI-LAYER STRUCTURES - INKS- ADDITIVES- FAMILIES OF PRODUCTS
* DURATION FOR DISINTEGRATION : 12 WEEKS cfr. CEDAR GROVE (USA)
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DURATION BEFORE DISINTEGRATION
INTENSIVE
COMPOSTING SIEVING
BIOWASTE
REJECTS
MATURATIONPRETREATMENT
REJECTS COMPOST
BIOPLASTICS,… BUT ALSO
NATURAL PRODUCTS
* CONVENTIONAL POLY-OLEFINS + PRO-OXYDANTIA
* INDUSTRIAL COMPOSTABILITY:� BIODEGRADATION: NO?� DISINTEGRATION & PLANT TOXICITY: OK?
* DO NOT FULFILL EN 13432, ASTM D6400 & ISO 17088
* NOT CERTIFIED AS (INDUSTRIALLY) COMPOSTABLE
* “PHOTO- or THERMO-FRAGMENTABLE”
SPECIAL CASE : OXODEGRADABLE PLASTICS
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TOPICS
* OWS
* INDUSTRIAL COMPOSTABILITY: EXPERIENCES & OUTLOOK
* OTHER BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS
* BIO-BASED
END OF LIFE : ENVIRONMENTAL NICHES
PRODUCT USE/DISPOSAL
CONTROLLED UNCONTROLLED(LITTER)
WASTEWATER SOLID WASTE OPEN WATER SOIL MARINE
AEROBICTREATMENT
COMPOSTING
ANAEROBIC TREATMENT
BIOGASIFICATION LANDFILL
USE OF COMPOST I N SOIL
ANAEROBIC STABILISATION
CENTRAL HOME
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AGGRESSIVENESS OF ENVIRONMENT
COMPOST > SOIL > FRESH WATER > MARINE WATER > LANDFILL
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION35°C - 55°C
60°C 21°C
AGGRESSIVENESS OF ENVIRONMENT
ANAEROBIC DIGESTIONMultiple Bacteria
COMPOST > SOIL > FRESH WATER > MARINE WATER > LANDFILL
Fungi + Bacteria + Actinomycetes Bacteria only
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BIODEGRADATION vs. ENVIRONMENTAL NICHE
High T
(50-60°C)
AEROBIC (WATER) + ANAEROBIC
BACTERIA, NO FUNGI
AEROBIC (COMPOST & SOIL)
BACTERIA & FUNGI
Chemical pulp
Starch
PLA
Starch/PCL
PHA
Chemical pulp
Starch
Starch/PCL
PHA
Chemical & mechanical pulp
Starch
PLA
Starch/PCL
PHA
PBAT
PBAT
PHA
Starch/PCL
Starch
Chemical & mechanical pulp
Low T
(≤ 35 °C)
THERMOPHILIC
DIGESTION
INDUSTRIAL
COMPOSTING
MESOPHILIC
DIGESTION
HOME
COMPOSTING
after B.G. Hermann et al. (2011)
HOME COMPOSTING
* AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
* DIFFERENT PROGRAMS (NO STANDARD):BELGIUM: OK Compost Home (Vinçotte)UK: AfOR (in collaboration with Vinçotte)Australia: under development (DR AS 5810)US: BioSpecs (based on OKCH)
* EN13432 + BIODEGRADATION & DISINTEGRATION AT AMBIENT T
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MARINE BIODEGRADATION : ASTM D.7081
* HEAVY METALS + FULL BIODEGRADATION : CONFORM ASTM D.6400
* MARINE BIODEGRADATION : 30% AFTER 6 MONTHS
* MARINE DISINTEGRATION : <30% AFTER 3 MONTHS >2 MM
* ECOTOXICITY : 1 SPECIFIC AQUATIC TOXICITY TEST
CO2 + H2O + HUMUS + HEAT
ORGANIC MATTER
MICROBIAL
POPULATION
O2
60 °C
CH4 + CO2 + HUMUS + HEAT
ORGANIC MATTER
MICROBIAL
POPULATION35 - 55 °C
= BIOGAS
AEROBIC COMPOSTING vs ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
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* AEROBIC COMPOSTING :- TECHNOLOGIES & PROCESSES RATHER SIMILAR - PREFERRED FOR YARD WASTE - ENERGY CONSUMPTION
* ANAEROBIC DIGESTION : - DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES & PROCESS CONDITIONS - PREFERRED FOR KITCHEN WASTE, CATERING AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE - ENERGY PRODUCTION
AEROBIC COMPOSTING vs ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
AD : DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES
* MESOPHILIC vs. THERMOPHILIC
* WET vs. DRY FERMENTATION
* 1-PHASE vs. 2-PHASE
AD AND BIOPLASTICS
* ORGANIC RECOVERY + ENERGY RECOVERY
* AEROBIC BIODEGRADABILITY IS NOT EQUAL TO ANAEROBIC � FUNGAL ACTIVITY !
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TOPICS
* OWS
* INDUSTRIAL COMPOSTABILITY: EXPERIENCES & OUTLOOK
* OTHER BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS
* BIO-BASED
PBAT – PVOH
– PCL -PBS
PLA – PHB- PHBV
– CELLOPHANE
– THERMOPLASTIC
STARCH
PE – PP – PVC –
PET – PA – PBT
PA – PUR – ABS
VARIOUS OTHERS
GREEN PE - GREEN PP
PDO
“BIO”PLASTICS
PETRO BIO
BIODEGRADABLE
RECALCITRANT
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BIOBASED
* RENEWABLE FRACTION BASED ON C14-C CONTENT(ASTM D.6866)
* DISCUSSION CARBON vs TOTAL WEIGHT
Contact details:
Bruno DE WILDE Tel: +32 (0)9 233 02 04
[email protected] www.ows.be
THANK YOU!
