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19 December 2015 Bangladesh Urban Resilience Project
19 December 2015
Bangladesh
Urban Resilience Project
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Swarna Kazi Disaster Risk Management Specialist
Co-Task Team Leader, Urban Resilience Project
The World Bank
Marc Forni Senior Disaster Risk Management Specialist
Co-Task Team Leader, Urban Resilience Project
The World Bank
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Bangladesh is among the most disaster prone countries
– 160 Million People. Approx. 147,000 Square Km.
– Highly exposed to a variety of hazards, such as floods, cyclones, tidal surges, and
earthquakes.
BACKGROUND
Bangladesh context Bangladesh
Source: Institute of Water Modeling, Bangladesh
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The Government of Bangladesh (GoB) has proactively invested in DRM to save
lives, reduce losses, and protect development gains
– GoB has put in place policies and invested in coastal infrastructure and early
warning systems to mitigate the risk from floods and cyclones.
BACKGROUND
Bangladesh context Bangladesh
Reduction of loss of life due to major
cyclones events:
1970: 300,000
1991: 138,000
2007: Less than 4,000 (most
intense cyclone)
Strategic Vision - Bangladesh
Reinforce significant gains in cyclone and flood resilience
To be achieved through significant investment lending (Emergency Cyclone Recovery
and Restoration Project - USD 356 million, Coastal Embankment Improvement Project
- USD 400 million, Multipurpose Disaster Shelter Project - USD 375 million)
Lead the engagement in addressing urban disaster risk
• To be achieved through comprehensive Technical Assistance and investment
program (Urban Resilience Project – USD 173 million )
Current World Bank DRM Portfolio: USD 1.3 Billion
World Bank DRM Portfolio in Bangladesh
Addressing Urban Disaster Risk
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Dhaka: Capital of Bangladesh
Dhaka Metropolitan: 15 million people and one of
the fastest growing mega-cities in the world
Densely populated
Widespread urbanization
Widespread poverty
Complex governance structures
Overlapping authority in urban planning
City-level actors critical to developing resilient and
live-able cities in Bangladesh
Creating an enabling environment for coordinated,
locally-managed DRM is essential to build urban
resilience
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Dhaka: Capital & Megacity
Brittle Flammable
BACKGROUND
Vulnerable Urban Infrastructure
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Vulnerable Urban Infrastructure
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BSEC Building Fire, Feb 26, 2007
Dead – 3, Injured – 55 Bashundhara City Fire, March 13, 2009
Dead – 7, Injured – 35 Nimtoly Fire, June 3, 2010
Dead – 123, Injured 240
Rana Plaza Building Collapse, before and after
April 23, 2013: Dead – 1,127, Injured – 2,500
• Building structure starts
to shake
• Pillars snap
• Floors collapse
• Upper portion of the
building falls to the
ground
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April 24, 2013 at 09:30 am…
• The local community start rescue operations immediately after the incident
• Bangladesh Army, Navy, Fire Service & Civil Defense, Border Guard Bangladesh, Police, Ministries, Agencies and volunteer teams arrive on scene and organize rescue activities
(Source: Situation Report on Building Collapse at Savar, Dhaka. Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief, 2013)
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Search & Rescue Operations
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Total rescued: 3,553
Total deaths: 1,127
(Source: Situation Report on Building Collapse at Savar,
Dhaka. Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief, 2013)
May 14, 2013: Rescue Operations
Officially End
Why did this happen?
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• Rana Plaza, approved as a 7-storied
building but constructed to 10 floors
• Original 7-storied design did not
comply to the Bangladesh National
Building Code
• Material property varied from place to
place - indicative of poor quality control
• The structural designers IEB no.
mentioned in the drawings was fake
(M/1016380)
Unregulated Building Construction
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How was it managed?
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• Lack of accountability, including unclear chain of
command and supervision
• Lack of modern, integrated communication system
• Lack of orderly, systematic planning
• Lack of predefined methods to integrate inter-agency
requirements into the management structure and
planning process
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Weak Emergency Response Systems
Familiar?
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Great Chicago Fire, 1871
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Great Kanto Earthquake, Tokyo, 1923
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What caused these urban disasters?
• Poor implementation and enforcement of building codes
• Land plans were biased by rent seeking and lobbies
• Infrastructure to support emergency services was not well built
• Emergency service providers were not professionalized
• Experts believed these cities were doomed to never improve
Chicago, 2015 Tokyo, 2015 21
Way forward?
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Customizable modular framework for investment
• Vulnerability awareness
building tools
• Information & data
management solutions
• Physical risk reduction
measures
• Risk transfer and
management strategies
City Resilience Program
Customizable modular framework for investment
• Physical Risk assessment
and Risk Atlas
• Analysis of legal and
institutional arrangements
• Spatial planning platform
• Crowd-sourced mapping
• Integrated emergency
management systems
• Construction permitting and
enforcement
• Risk Informed Infrastructure
Investment
City Resilience Program - Dhaka
• The GoB has been working with the World Bank since 2012 in preparation for
the planned investments addressing the aforementioned issues.
• This collaboration supported by the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and
Recovery (GFDRR) to address seismic risk and the structural vulnerability of
urban buildings and infrastructure.
• GFDRR has provided US$1.5 million of grant support for technical assistance
(TA) through the Bangladesh Urban Earthquake Resilience Program (BUERP)
• This support convened government officials across ministries and agencies to:
i) reach consensus on the level of seismic risk in Dhaka and other parts of
Bangladesh; and ii) increase the understanding of legal and institutional
arrangements and “on-the-ground” practices related to urban DRM
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Addressing Critical Issues
Analytics & Technical Assistance
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Institutional Relationship of DRM
Stakeholders
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Objective: strengthen the capacity of
Government of Bangladesh agencies to respond
to emergency events and to strengthen systems
to reduce the vulnerability of future building
construction to disasters in Dhaka and Sylhet
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Urban Resilience Project (2015-2020)
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Urban Resilience Project (2015-2020)
1) Enhance national-level and local-level DRM facilities and agencies in Dhaka
and Sylhet to effectively plan and respond to urban disasters. This will be
achieved by developing disaster response systems, including emergency
operations center, interoperability communication systems, rescue and search
equipment, and related training and drills;
2) Assess the vulnerability of essential infrastructure, public facilities, and lifelines;
3) Ensure resilient construction by integrating disaster risk into development
planning, and establishing the infrastructure to ensure an efficient process for
land use and zoning clearance (e.g.: improved permitting systems and building
code enforcement).
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Implementation Structure
Emergency Management and
Response
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Resilient Infrastructure
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Permitting and Construction
Enforcement
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Geospatial Data Sharing Platform
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Urban Resilience in Bangladesh
Government of Bangladesh, JICA
and World Bank
An Integrated Approach
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WB URP
RAJUK URU
FSCD
MoHPW/PWD
1) National Level BNBC Enforcement
• HRD (FSCD) • Control Room (incl Mobile)
• Drill Program • Warehouses • Equipment
3) HRD
2) Building Construction
Technical Review Panel (similar to Building Regulatory Authority)
JICA UBSP/WB URP Establishment of National Coordination Center
Structural Integrity Emergency Response
DSCC
Establish Emergency Operation Center
Establish Emergency Operation Center
• DB of Pvt Critical & essential facilities • Survey of structural vulnerability assessment • Data Sharing Platform
RMG Factories
2) Assessment of existing facilities
3) Building Permission & Approval
• Training for URU • Electronic Construction Permitting • Professional Accreditation Program • Training on BNBC to URU • Develop the process, technical criteria
for BNBC enforcement
Sylhet CC
Retrofit/Remediation (approx. 20 factories) New FSCD HQ 14 Fire Stat.
JICA UBSP JICA UBSP JICA UBSP
WB URP
1) Emergency Coordination System
WB
UR
P
WB
UR
P
WB URP
4) HRD (PWD/Pvt Engineering firm/Pvt Contractor)
• Training • Seminar • Workshop
JICA UBSP
TRP Review of Design & Construction
Conceptual Collaboration between JICA and WB for Urban Resilience in Bangladesh
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WB URP
