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We are back and with God’s help we are here to stay. After almost a 20-year hiatus of producing the Outlook, the Executive body of the Barbados Union of Teachers (BUT) has decided to restart this publication as part of our 40th Anniversary celebrations.It is said that “life begins at 40” but we are also cognizant of the fact that 40 years of existence as an organisation is not 40 days. BUT has been around for four decades and can be considered as a mature trade union by all definitions.However, we do not see this as reaching a pinnacle and expect that we can behave like we have “arrived”, but we understand the responsibility that comes along with this maturity.These years have seen some very interesting experiences for Union members. We recognise the fight of our predecessors and we salute them for the paths that they have made straight for those of us who follow. This magazine over the years has been used as one of the public relations tools of the Union, and we as an Executive are excited to see its re-launch. As times have changed we too have tried to keep up with the advancements in communications. In recent years we have introduced a Facebook group and Facebook page and Whatsapp group to our list of channels for disseminating information. Along with the Teachers’ Corner radio programme and Outlook magazine, we will continue to keep our members informed through “cutting edge” technologies.I hope that you enjoy the articles in this publication and we look forward to your feedback as we endeavour to meet your demands for greater output of information. We remind you that this publication is for you our members and by extension other stakeholders in education, so where you see room for improvement please engage us on such; where you have articles of interest to education then submit them to us. We want you to be a part of this process going forward.So . . . until next edition . . .

Dwane G Public Relations Officer and Senior Editor

CONTENTS

editor’s note

Table of

Published by: Barbados Union of Teachers

Designed by: Regal Resource Inc.

Sales: Brainwave Consultants Inc.

Editorial: Consultant - Lisa Legall-Belgrave

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Let me take the occasion of this 40th year of existence of the Barbados Union of Teachers (BUT) to salute the teachers of Barbados who have been toiling long and hard in building an educated and knowledgeable society.The BUT has had to endure many changes in education but has done exceedingly well during its 40 years representing teachers in defense of their rights guaranteed under the constitution of Barbados and outlined more specifically in the Education Act. The Union has had to adopt and adapt to these changes, including the introduction of technology on a large scale. We have seen the introduction of a formal method of teacher evaluation and the introduction of a tier of educators called subject coordinators. The job of a teacher is not an easy one and so they must be commended for the service they provide on a daily business. The students have changed, the conditions have changed, the teaching methodologies and approaches have changed and much more is expected of the teacher.The BUT, as a trade union, has had to adjust in recent times to the way in which it conducted its business, particularly in relation to negotiating salary increases and matters of an industrial nature with national appeal, case in point Louis Lynch Secondary School. During the structural adjustment period 1991 to 1993 and the formation the Congress of Trade Unions and Staff Associations of Barbados the entire climate of industrial relations have changed somewhat, and there is seemingly more dialogue now and less confrontation. Since December 2007, since the introduction of the Public Service Act (2007) and subsequent amendments a number of members have been disadvantaged and “pigeon-holed”. We had only one set of permanent appointments to the profession (2009), which now creates a situation where government itself is in breach of the said piece of legislation and hundreds of temporary teachers now suffer at the hands of their banks, credit unions and other financial institutions as they cannot acquire financing. The Union has launched a number of initiatives in the last few years to enhance its operation and delivery of services. It is my hope that teachers continue to support their union and make full use of the facilities and services now available.Congratulations to the Barbados Union of Teachers on its 40th Anniversary and may it continue to strive towards truth and knowledge in its quest to redefine and rebrand to adapt to the changing times.

President’s desk

chariman’s address

J. HARBINCHAIRMAN OF THE STEWARDS

4 0 y e a r s a n d c o u n t i n g . . .

LONG LIVE BUT; LONG LOVE.

It is indeed my honour to bring warm wishes on behalf of the Stewards’ arm of the Barbados Union of Teachers for its 40th anniversary. The year 2015 promises to be an exciting year as the Union seeks to strengthen the Stewards’ body by establishing zonal committees and publishing the stewards’ handbook. The latter would prove to be an essential guide to stewards who are agents in the field, acting on behalf of this great union. There will also be termly meetings where there will be dialogue between stewards and the executive.

The roots of education are bitter,

but the fruit is sweet.Comrades, I leave you this quote from the philosopher Aristotle:

From The

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EXECUTIVE MEMBERSCommittee

Pedro Shepherd - President Pedro Shepherd has been a teacher at the Wilkie Cumberbatch Primary School since September 1987. He was trained at Erdiston Teachers Training College from 1997 to 1999. Pedro startedhis career on May 27, 1987 at the St. Bartholomew Boys School. He joined the Executive of the BUT in 1997 as an Executive Member, the post from which he resigned in 2003 to contest the post of Vice President, which he won. He remained in that position until 2012 when he acted as President from October 2012 to April 2013 when he was elected as President and has remained in the position since then. Pedro currently also serves as 1st Vice President of the Congress of Trade Unions and Staff Associations of Barbados. (CTUSAB)

Richmark Cave - Vice PresidentRichmark Cave is a trained master Physical Education teacher at Lawrence T. Gay Memorial School. He

has been teaching for over 37 years. Richmark has served the Executive of BUT for 16 years as Executive Member, Deputy General Secretary and is the current Vice President. He also serves the Caribbean

Union of Teachers executive as a Trustee (2012 to present) and a CTUSAB Representative on Frederick Smith Secondary Board of Management (2013 to present). He is also a former Chairman and current

Assistant Chairman of the NAPSAC Organising Committee.

Gilbert Carmichael - Assistant General SecretaryGilbert O. Carmichael has been teaching for the past nine years and is currently assigned to The Lester Vaughan

School. He teaches English Language and English Literature and enjoys his job tremendously. He has never been absent from work. Mr. Carmichael has served as Shop Steward at The Lester Vaughan School for the past three

years. He recently elevated to the Executive as Deputy General Secretary following elections in April 2015. Never daunted by any task placed before him, Mr. Carmichael is eager to improve the lot of teachers and students alike

across Barbados as he believes that education remains the bedrock of this beautiful country.

Winston Massiah - TreasurerWinston Massiah is a teacher at Parkinson Memorial School where he is the Head of Department (Science). He has been teaching for over 38 years. He has been on the Executive of the Barbados Union of Teachers serving as Executive Member from 1999 to 2009 and Treasurer from 2009 to present.

Herbert Gittens JP, BA, MEd - General SecretaryHerbert Gittens is presently the General Secretary of the BUT. He has served on the Executive of the Barbados Union of Teachers for the past 22 years. He previously served as Executive Member and Deputy General Secretary before taking up duties as General Secretary in 1999. He is currently the BUT’s representative on the Board of CTUSAB. He serves as a Director of the Barbados Accreditation Council. Herbert has been in the teaching service since 1978 and currently serves as Principal of the Wesley Hall Junior School.

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Dwane Goddard - Public Relations OfficerDwane Goddard is a trained graduate teacher at the Arthur Smith Primary School where he serves currently as Information Technology Coordinator (Designate). Teaching for over 13 years, he has taught at Nursery, Primary and Secondary schools. His areas of interests are Information Technology, Marketing & Communications and Early Childhood Education. He has served as Executive Member and currently is the Public Relations Officer. He is the interim Chairperson of CTUSAB Youth Arm and a CTUSAB Representative on the Deighton Griffith School board of Management. His philosophy for education is “if I can help somebody along their way, then my working will not be in vain”.

Sean Spencer - Executive MemberSean Spencer is assigned to St. George Primary School and has been teaching for 16 years. He thinks it’s

imperative that educators continually strive to encourage the youth to foster an appreciation of the respective environments - social, political, economic, cultural, technological - as we cater to their academic, moral and

personal development. He joined the BUT in July 2002, was elected Shop Steward in September 2013 and an Executive Member in April 2015. Sean currently serves on the Union’s committees for Culture, Health & Safety;

Education, Research & Professional Development; Gender Affairs, Special Events & Protocol and Sports.

Jacqueline Prescod - Executive MemberJacqueline Prescod is a long-serving member of the Executive and of the Social Committee. She is currently a teacher at Wilkie Cumberbatch Primary School. She has served as Executive member from 2006 to present. (8

years).

Jacqueline Sealy - Executive MemberJacqueline Sealy has served the union for several years. She is currently assigned to Blackman & Gollop Primary

School as a Senior Teacher of the Infants Department. She serves as Executive member from January 2013. Jackie is an avid dancer and currently conducts line dancing classes

or members at the union.

Dwayne Greenidge - Executive MemberDwayne Greenidge is a teacher at the Reynold Weekes Primary School. Dwayne has also worked in the Secondary system. He is media trained and worked in the media before his teaching career began. Dwayne currently serves as an Executive Member of BUT.

Andrea Puckering - Executive MemberAndrea has been teaching for 19 years, 13 of which have been spent in Special Education. She is currently assigned to Erdiston Special School. She has served for three years on the executive as Stewards’ Secretary, Steward Chairman and currently as Executive Member.

The Barbados Union of Teachers (BUT) is the largest of the registered teacher trade unions and staff associations on

the island, which holds membership with the Congress of Trade Unions and Staff Associations of Barbados. It is also a

founding member of the Congress.Since it was established in 1974, the BUT has been recognised

as both a representative and professional body for teachers in Barbados. As the BUT celebrates 40 years of existence as an independent body, it is to be commended and congratulated on it growth, development and achievements.Having emerged as a member of the Civil Service Association, now the National Union of Public Workers, the BUT has through the years, developed from inspired leadership; starting with its first President, the late John Cumberbatch. It was the inspiration, leadership and vision of John Cumberbatch that lead to the birth of the Outlook magazine. It was his charismatic and dynamic leadership that contributed to the emergence of a strong and vibrant BUT.In paying tribute to the BUT on its 40th anniversary, mention also has to be made of the contributions its pioneers, namely, Carl Springer who was the President of the Teachers’ Division of the Civil Service Association, John Lovell and the late Marjorie Marshall; both of whom were past presidents of the union. These were but three of the outstanding personalities who recorded indelible contributions in the life of the BUT. As a national organisation, the character of the BUT has been profound. The name BUT has been associated with influencing the shaping of educational policy, and for sponsoring education programmes that redound to upliftment and professional development of teachers. The Outlook magazine and the Teachers’ Corner radio programme, are two of the local and regional BUT outreach programmes. The BUT teacher exchange programme with Union College in New York, the Annual John Cumberbatch Memorial Lecture and the Annual Teacher Professional Development Workshop, are features of the professional development thrust of the union. The BUT is to be commended on the strides it has made over the life of the organisation. It can be proud of the fact that it can boast that it holds membership with the Caribbean Union of Teachers, the Caribbean Congress of Labour and Education International.The achievement of 40 years of existence and success for the BUT, speaks volumes to the strident nature of the organisation, which has remained committed to its primary objectives of promoting and advancing the cause of social justice through education, and promoting high professional standards among teachers. The words of the Union Song, Solidarity forever, for the union makes us strong, ought to remain the rallying call for the union, as it promotes its theme, ‘BUT: Forty years of Service and Solidarity- The Way Forward.’

Jason Harbin - Chairman of StewardsJason Harbin is a former student of The Lodge School and has been teaching for 11 years in the primary school

system. He has taught at six schools in the capacities of floating and class teacher and is a trained graduate and as well as the ITC and shop steward at All Saints’ Primary.

Asha Yearwood - Stewards Secretary Asha Yearwood has been teaching for just under five years. She is currently assigned to the Parkinson Memorial School where she teaches English Language, English Literature and Theatre Arts. Ms. Yearwood is also an active sports person who plays football for the Empire Cricket Club and she is also a member of Deacons Volleyball club. She is an avid fan of the West Indies Cricket team and supports them whether they win lose or draw.

Adrian Ward - Executive MemberAdrian Ward is an Industrial Arts teacher and Senior Teacher at the Parkinson Memorial School. He has a background in the Cadet Core and serves as Cadet Officer Cadet Company # 9. Adrian is a strong believer in Protocol. He currently serves as Executive Member of BUT for over five years.

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PHYSICAL:gross and fine motor skills, multi-sensory learning.

SOCIAL EMOTIONAL:self-esteem, independence, trust in adults, respecting other’s rights and cultures, working and learning cooperatively, problem-solving with peers.

EMERGENT SCIENCE AND MATH SKILLS:observation skills, problem-solving, sequencing, sorting and classifying, seriation, one-to-one matching, recognising patterns, becoming aware of cause and effect relationships.

EMERGENT READING AND WRITING SKILLS:love of books, listening skills, verbal skills, making increasingly representational drawings, imitating recognizable letters and numbers, recognizing written names, labeling pictures… A key to a child’s ability to function in the world of formal language is for that child to have the ability to deal with the world’s language system--particularly the ability to read and communicate. It has been proven that the majority of an individual’s intelligence is acquired by the time the child is nine-years-old; therefore an early childhood programme should foster language skills.

Barbados did it first – 28 years ago we created the most unique learning experience in the world – a “Living Classroom” underwater in a submarine.

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In 2009 Atlantis Submarines was the first attraction in the world to achieve double certification from “Green Globe and Green Certifications” in recognition of our active efforts to reduce our carbon footprint and “Go Green”. We have also received our 2014- 2015 recertification. We want to continue to educate about protecting the environment and to share our knowledge and help each child to Green Barbados one home at a time.

Contact Ms. Charlotte Moore at 436-8968 Ext 237 or at 836-1859 for

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Contact Ms. Charlotte Moore at 436-8968 Ext 237 or at 836-1859 for

information or clari�cation.Reservations can also assist with

bookings and queries at 436-8929 or 243-1069 after hours

Add Value to the Education of our Nation’s Children

Value Added component 2015 Teachers can wrap activities around the tour, quizzes, art contests, and even seek assistance for projects. Need prizes for your school fair? We will provide. Do you want assistance with a special lecture on a particular part of the syllabus? Call so we can try to assist.

Pricing There is a special rate for full school charters as our contribution back to our nation Barbados, with at least 2 to 4 eachers/chaperones FREE of charge. A special rate is available to all teachers when promo code BUT2015 is mentioned.

Learning can be Enjoyable, Exciting, Educational, and Fun!

my Point of view

4 0 y e a r s a n d c o u n t i n g . . .

My philosophy of education is that every child, irrespective of race, creed, colour or ethnicity should have the right to being exposed to a quality education. Learning should take place in an environment that is safe and comfortable that nurtures each child while catering to their individual needs.I am of the view that the teacher should expose preschool-aged children to a variety of learning experiences using the Montessori approach where the pre-school students are allowed to interact with the environment and engage in psychological construction as well as engage in meaningful play in real world environments. The teacher should ensure that multi-sensory learning takes place effectively by facilitating areas such as art, blocks, dramatic play, table toys, library, music, cooking, computers, sand/water, science, and outdoor play. The teacher should teach the “whole child”, provide enriching, creative, hands-on learning experiences in the following categories:

JUNE2015 BUT40th 9

I believe that the social, cognitive, emotional and physical needs of each pre-school child should be met in a good early childhood facility. The environment should be of legal standards promoting safety while reducing or eliminating injuries. Early childhood practitioners should ensure that the students should be supervised at all times and clear procedures, as it relates to emergencies and first aid, clearly outlined. Paramount hygiene practices should be exercised while promoting good health and nutrition. Sterile cleaning should be employed so as to eliminate the spread of illnesses. The classroom should be arranged to facilitate an interesting, secure, and enjoyable environment that encourages curiosity, play, exploration, and learning. All materials should be well-organised to show that we value play. Rules should be displayed in a manner that is easily-understood by the pre-schoolers and must be consistently enforced in a kind and safe manner.

I believe that children need an environment where they can do and succeed without dependence on adults.Independence should be encouraged. Every child learns as he/she interacts with the environment: people, objects, and materials. All children need to play with their peers. It is a known fact that children learn best when their experiences are meaningful, real and relevant. The environment should foster such and encourage assessment of each child’s needs on an individual and periodic basis. Hence, accommodations should be made available when required.

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The Barbados Union of Teachers (BUT) is a trade union, which was established in May 1974. On June 29, a special general meeting ratified the BUT’s new constitution while trade union registration was achieved on August 2, 1974. The Government recognised the Union as the sole bargaining agency for teachers in the public

service on September 5, 1974.

The Union has over 2000 members and represents teachers in primary, secondary and tertiary organisation.

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The history and development of the BUT can be traced to 1895 with the formation of the Barbados Elementary School Teachers Association (BESTA). Elementary school teachers in Barbados were among the first workers to organise themselves. Prior to 1910 BESTA functioned mainly as a friendly society. Members received sickness and funeral benefits and a Christmas bonus. At monthly meetings members engaged in discussions on personal matters. In 1912 the school inspectors were able to convince the Board of Education to accept BESTA’s Management Committee as its consultative committee in educational matters. Later the school inspectors invited BESTA to form a salaries committee to consider teachers’ salaries. Hence teachers’ salaries were raised slightly. BESTA continued its agitation and in 1925 the first Teachers’ Pensions Act was enacted.

As a result of recommendations of the Moyne Commission after the 1937 riots, elementary teachers were incorporated into the Civil Service. This incorporation became effective in 1944 when teachers became Civil Servants. They were now subject to the “Colonial Regulations” of the Government rather than to the various Church Codes. According to the pamphlet A Case for the Independent Union, the 1944 development had absolutely no special meaning for the organisational life which teachers wanted for themselves. They belonged to BESTA which continued in the early 40s to be their professional and negotiated body.During this period BESTA agitated and won a major victory for female

teachers. Female teachers were granted the right to be married and remain in the profession. Also female teachers could now reapply and be reinstated into the profession after having a baby. BESTA continued as the professional and representative body for teachers, but not without some struggle and conflict with the other body representing civil servants at the time - the Civil Service Association (CSA) now National Union of Public Workers (NUPW). However in 1949, because of Government’s reluctance to bargain with separate groups of civil servants (namely teachers in primary schools) a strategic alliance took place between the CSA and BESTA. However, despite the alliance, it was agreed that the BESTA’s separate identity was understood to be guaranteed. As part of the arrangement to safeguard the identity of BESTA teachers paid a dual subscription, 50 cents to CSA and 50 cents to BESTA.

In the 1950s, with the establishment of Secondary Modern Schools, BESTA changed its name to the Barbados Union of Teachers and remained as a division within the CSA. During this period, the CSA increased its subscription to $1.00. Given that teachers could no longer afford the dual payment, the BUT’s financial base was substantially reduced. However, the most substantial measure was a ‘gentleman’s agreement’ within the CSA that the teachers’ division should retain 30% of their contributions to spend on their own development.With time this arrangement became eroded and by 1968 it was no longer in existence. As the teachers base dwindled and the BUT started

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to lose its separate organisational and professional identity, conflicts developed between the teachers division and the CSA.Teachers felt that they were being under-represented and shortchanged within the organisation. There was a consciousness among teachers and eventually the leadership of the BUT launched a massive independent campaign for an independent union, an independent Barbados Union of Teachers.

The independent campaign culminated in a successful referendum held on May 27, 1974. There were 1819 positive votes from teachers in the primary and comprehensive (Government) schools. Negative votes amounted to 64 in a referendum, which took in approximately 90 percent of the total teacher population in the Government-owned sector. This referendum transformed the BUT from a division of the NUPW into an independent trade union. This ended a 25-year association with the Civil Service Union. An independent BUT was born. The late John Cumberbatch who was in the forefront of the fight for an independent BUT and its president at the time wrote the following on April 5, 1975 as part of the foreword in the first Annual Report of the BUT.

The overwhelming success of the independent campaign itself was eloquent proof of the extent of the disillusionment the teachers felt with the performance of the Civil Service Trade Union – The NUPW. The massive 90 percent vote from the total teacher population (2300) in the Government Service indicated also that teachers were confident in themselves and in their leadership to entrust their professional and industrial destinies to an independent organisation of teachers.

The first test came in June 1974, before the dust could settle on its independence victory. It was the famous St. Leonard’s Case.Forty teachers of the St. Leonard’s Boys Secondary School staged a placard bearing protest against an English contract teacher who

The records of the Union show that the Executive Committee of 1974-1975 comprised the following:

President: John CumberbatchVice President: Harriet JonesGeneral Secretary: Alfred TrotmanDeputy General Secretary: John HaynesTreasurer: Kenneth AgardPublic Relations Officer: Rudi GibsonExecutive Members: Odulia Regis; Anthony Hinkson; John Lovell; Carl Springer

These executive committee members were among those who worked assiduously in mobilising teachers during the campaign for independence. Others worthy of mention included Majorie Marshall, Edweena Armstrong, Gwen Mattis and Bertram Murray.

With the gaining of independence, the Union started to build its infrastructure and established the Outlook magazine, a Stewards Body and also Grievance, Sports and Entertainment Committees.

The Union became a hive of activity and attracted a good blend of youth and experienced persons willing to serve.

These included such individuals as Stanley Mayers, Winslow Phillips, Cobin Hinds, Carl Hall, Pat Corbin, Winston Gibson, Barbara Brathwaite, Amril Kinch, Jennifer Watson, Cameron McCarthy, William Skinner, Grantley Elcock, Derek Ames, Dennis Depeiza, Dennis Murray,Tony Lovell, Peter “Adonijah”Alleyne and the list goes on.

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had allegedly kicked schoolboys on the compound of the adjoining girls’ school. The Public Service Commission moved against 28 of the teachers dismissing 14 of the unappointed and charged the other 14 who were appointed with a view to dismissal. The Union intervened (July 1974) and after a demonstration of solidarity by over 1000 teachers, the dismissed teachers were reinstated. However they were redistributed to schools throughout the system, some of them to primary schools. The appointed 14 were penalised by being transferred. They were to be tried by the Public Service Commission but the trials never started since the Union’s lawyer, Henry DeB Forde faulted the charges.

Then in 1975, the Government of the day moved to retrench all unqualified teachers who had been recruited at a time when there was a serious brain drain. These teachers, some of whom had only one certificate - English Language - had worked hard to prop up the system during the brain drain, but were dumped with indecent haste. The Union closed ranks, secured a stay of execution and held classes at the BUT headquarters to assist those teachers to qualify for the service. These classes were held for as long as it took those teachers to qualify. The new Government in 1976 continued the retrenchment policy. The BUT, however, continued its agitation, stood firm and demanded the reinstatement or compensation of their colleagues who were dismissed because they were unqualified. In 1978, the Government decided to compensate the dismissed teachers and to find places elsewhere in the Public Service for the others.

In 1976, the Government legislated public servants salaries without settlement, for the first time. The BUT demonstrated outside of Parliament. It was the only public protest against government’s breach of the principles of collective bargaining. In the 1978 negotiations Government tried to exclude the BUT from the negotiations table. They accused then President, the late John Cumberbatch of breaching “confidentiality” in the negotiations. However, the union held firm against this scare tactic and prevailed in the circumstances. Also in 1978, there was the school meals issue. When the school meals programme was introduced teachers were told to perform the duties and they did. This issue arose because teachers were being deprived of their lunch hour while doing school meals work; they were burdened with the associated clerical work and were treated as if school meals duties were rightfully theirs.

The Union argued at the time that school meals duties were not in teachers’ job description. Secondary school teachers did not have such duties even though the terms and conditions of service were identical,

Independence for the BUT was just the beginning of the many struggles and battles that lay

ahead. Shortly thereafter the union was confronted with many battles which tested it strength, meddle, fortitude and certainly its

commitment and resolve.

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and that by doing school meals duties teachers were contributing to unemployment by doing work that should be done by others. The BUT announced that from April 10, 1978 “teachers would cease to be involved in any aspect of the school meals operation.” The rest is history.The Union had other battles such as the fight for regrading, which was granted after a campaign of rotary sick outs for several weeks, which caused serious disruptions in the schools.

There was also the Barbara Smith Case. Mrs. Smith was a head teacher and executive member of the BUT. It was reported that she had made an uncomplimentary remark about the Prime Minister in the schoolyard to her colleagues. She was summoned to the Permanent Secretary’s office the next day, but informed him that the Union had called strike action for its members on that day and that she was unable to attend since she was an executive member. Mrs. Smith attended the Union strike action and was suspended without pay by the Permanent Secretary. The authorities’ actions were inappropriate and wrong and Mrs. Smith was reinstated. There were other testing circumstances but the Union rallied the causes. Of more recent vintage was the Louis Lynch Secondary School Case. In this matter, teachers and students of the above school had complained from as far back as the early 1980s for a series of ailments including respiratory complaints.

The Union fought a long and hard battle, and had to seek the intervention of CTUSAB and the Social Partnership to assist in solving this matter. A series of scientific investigations were conducted and it was found that there were volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the atmosphere. These included tetrachloroethylene (perc), phenol and glycol. Perc is a dry-cleaning agent used by laundries and it produces symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, sleepiness, confusion, nausea, difficulty in breathing and eye irritation.

It is hereby noted that there was a laundry adjoining the school compound.

During the period after a number of relocations of the student body the population of staff and pupils were redistributed into the existing school system.

However, after further studies of the surrounding air quality proved inconclusive, the Government finally announced the closure of the school in early 2008.

During the period 1974-2010 the Union have had many accomplishments and has achieved a great deal in developing the teaching profession in Barbados and also in enhancing the terms and conditions of teachers.

FACT FIleSome of their achievements are as follows.

Acquisition of BUT Headquarters at “Merryhill” WelchesSt. Michael – 1976.Purchase of land at Hothersal – 1976Establishment of the BUT Primary School Sports1974-2001.The amalgamation of the BUT Sports and the National Sports Council Milo Sports to form the National Primary School Athletic Championship (NAPSAC). 2002 to presentEstablishing of the Barbados Teachers Cooperative Credit Union Ltd.Establishing a Group Health Plan for Teachers.Establishing a Masters Scholarship for Teachers with Union College, New York.Establishment of Annual Teachers Week (October).

The BUT has formed many affiliations during its history.

These include:

Education International (EI) Canadian Teachers’ Federation (CTF)American Federation of Teachers (AFT)Caribbean Union of Teachers (CUT)Caribbean Congress of Labour (CCL)Congress of Trade Union and Staff Association of Barbados (CTUSAB)Barbados Institute of Management and Productivity BIMAP

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Today BUT is a well-respected Union with over 2000 members. The Union’s Annual General Conference is held every April and Teachers’ Week is held annually during the last week of October. The highlight of the week is the John Cumberbatch Memorial Lecture.

At present the Union is engaged in the development of its property at Hothersal Turning, St. Michael. The Union has sold 21 residential lots and is embarking on the construction of another 16 houses to be sold as complete houses.

During the period of its existence the Union has had a variety of leaders to steer its path:These include the following Presidents and General Secretaries.

Presidents:1974 - 1979 John Cumberbatch1979 - 1980 Majorie Marshall1980 - 1981 John Lovell1981 - 1987 Victor Hutchinson1987 - 1989 Desmond Browne1987 - 1995 Ronald Jones1995 - 1997 Jeff Broomes1997 - 1998 Denise Depeiza1998 - 1999 Harry Husbands1999 - 2003 Undene Whittaker2003 - 2012 Karen Best2012 - Present Pedro Shepherd

General Secretaries:1974 - 1977 Alfred Trotman1977 - 1979 Stanley Mayers1979 - 1980 Carlisle Mascoll1980 - 1983 Ronald Clarke1983 - 1986 Lemuel Tull1986 - 1989 Stephen Blanchard1989 - 1994 Harry Husbands1994 - 1997 Dennis Depeiza1997 - 1999 Undene Whittaker1999 - Present Herbert Gittens

Adapted from Union’s WebsiteOriginally Prepared by:

Herbert GittensGeneral Secretary

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NAPSACr u l e s

NAPSAC – the premier sporting championship for Barbados primary school athletes takes centre-stage each year between February and March.The BUT and the National Sports Council joined forces in 2002 to form the National Primary School Athletics Championships, commonly known as NAPSAC.

The championship is divided into five zones with all primary schools competing until a champion school emerges.

NAPSAC is keenly contested by not only the students and teachers but also the many parents and supporters who attend or take in the action online, on TV and the radio.

Here we showcase a bit of the action over the years.

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Prior to 2002, there were two athletic competitions in Barbados for children in primary schools. One competition was sponsored by Milo and organised by the National Sports Council (NSC) while the other was sponsored by Frutee and organised by the Barbados Union of Teachers (BUT). The amount of time the children were away from school as a result of participating in the two competitions was a grave

concern to the Ministry of Education and some of the principals of the schools.In 2001, a group of personnel from the BUT and the NSC convened a meeting at the NSC and amalgamated the two competitions, which saw the creation of the National Primary Schools Athletic Championship (NAPSAC). Some of the persons who attended that first meeting included Michael Jules, Stacey Gooding of the NSC, Vaman Harbin, Dennis Murray and Richmark Cave of the BUT. It was agreed that the positions of

Chairman and Championship Director would be held for a period of two years and the posts would then be alternated betweenthe two organisations.

NAPSAC’s first athletic competition, which was sponsored by MILO was held in 2002 with Dennis Murray as Chairman and Angella Stevenson as Championship Director. MILO sponsored the meet from 2002 to 2004.

Michael Jules became Chairman of NAPSAC in 2004 but did not serve his two years because he moved on from the National Sports Council to become a tutor in the Physical Education Department of the Barbados Community College. Richmark Cave became Chairman in 2005, which saw the signing of the first three-year agreement with the Pine Hill Dairy as title sponsor for NAPSAC and the showing of the finals live on television for the first time. Cave’s tenure as chairman continued until 2008 when there was an agreement for a second three-year contract that lasted until 2010. In 2007 the BUT and the NSC agreed that a person on the NAPSAC Committee could remain in a position indefinitely as long

the organisation wanted them to continue to serve.

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Many thanks to the NSC, the BUT, Ministry of Education, sponsors, physical education teachers, participating schools and principals, officials and companies who have contributed to the success of NAPSAC. Over the years some athletes from NAPSAC have gone on to represent Barbados at the Caribbean Union of Teachers Games, Carifta Games, Commonwealth Games and World Championships. There is no doubt that many more will follow as NAPSAC continues to be the springboard towards success for many of the young athletes in the country.

Michael Jules returned to the Organising Committee as Chairman from 2009 until 2010 before moving on to the Barbados Defence Force. Vaman Harbin, who signed the third three-year contract with Pine Hill Dairy, took up the post from 2011until 2013. Stacey Gooding, now Gooding–Riley, was the first Secretary of NAPSAC and held the post until 2008 before she was succeeded by Cordie Newton who held the position from 2009 until present. Wayne Robinson, the current chairman held the post from 2013. The other members of the current committee are:Richmark Cave (Assistant Chairman), Vaman Harbin, (Past Chairman), Janelle Denny (Championship Director), Marcia Trotman ( Assistant Championship Director), Ryan Toppin (Technical Officer), Sheron Cadogan (Treasurer) and Cordie Newton (Secretary).The Trustees are Mona Alleyne and Herbert Gittens.

NAPSAC congratulates BUT on its 40th Anniversary.

20 BUT40th JUNE2015

The Life of aPE Teacher...“Physical Education (PE) is an essential and integral part of the total education programme and makes significant contributions towards the achievement of desirable education and health outcomes through the medium of physical activity.” - Unknown

It provides opportunities where children can acquire skills and knowledge using the psychomotor, cognitive and affective domains. The PE teacher is the one who is responsible for ensuring that this is taught throughout the school. In most instances and especially in the primary school he/ she is the only teacher who can boast of teaching every class in the school. The PE teacher’s schedule is usually a fairly hectic one which does not start or end with the school day. The PE teacher has to prepare for the daily classes of teaching PE and also he / she has to prepare schedules for coaching those children who are skilled and who may be called upon to represent the school in the many inter-school competitions, which are organised on the island. Teaching PE involves exposing children to bio-motor skills, which include strength, endurance, speed, flexibility and coordination. Grouping assists in helping the children to master these skills because it is known that they all learn at different rates. In general, the sessions are outdoors because most schools do not have the luxurious facility of a gym and some don’t even have a playing field. Where there is no playing field, the teacher has to walk to and fro with the children to the nearest field available in order to carry out his duties. It is plain to see that the weather conditions play a significant role in the teaching and learning environment for physical education. The inter-school competitions alluded to earlier include athletics, cricket, football and netball, which take place at different times throughout the school year and are usually given lots of coverage by the media. The PE teacher has to do his/her part to ensure that his / her school performs at its optimum.Preparation and coaching for these competitions cannot be done during the regular Physical Education classes, so permission has to be sought from parents to have the children remain after school for training. In cases where there are no facilities at the school the children have to be taken away from the compound for training. Very often, this results in the teacher waiting over time for children to be collected after the session and in some instances driving long distances to carry children to their respective residences. It is quite clear that long after the other teachers have gone home to their families, the PE teacher is still on the job taking care of his charges. Let me add that no allowance is given to the PE teacher in the primary school as in done in the secondary school.

by Richmark Cave

Taking part in the competition can be taxing for the PE teacher just like the preparation for the competition. This often requires getting permission from the parents for the children to participate and transportation to take them to and from the venues. In many instances some children turn up without lunch or lunch money and so the caring PE teacher has to ensure that they are looked after even if it means spending some of his/her own money. Some of these competitions like cricket and the NAPSAC can sometimes finish well after school has ended. The PE teacher, however, gets the satisfaction of the school winning the game, set and match and in some instances the championship.The support of parents and guardians for physical activity at the primary level is most often overwhelming. They wear the school colours to the events and their voices can be heard loudly cheering on their children and the school. In some instances they can become nuisances especially if their child is made a reserve for the team or has to be replaced during a game. Some shout negative comments or give advice contrary to what the PE teacher is trying to get the children to achieve. The PE teacher can sometimes become the target of abuse in such circumstances. Thank God this behaviour is only exhibited by a minority of parents and guardians.Absenteeism among colleagues in the primary school sometimes

disrupts the programme of the PE teacher. In most cases the PE teacher is the first one who is asked to suspend his sessions for a period or two or sometimes an entire day to supervise or teach the class of an absent teacher. This suspension of the programme can last for weeks on some occasions depending on the number of teachers absent and the length of their absence. The use of substitution would allow the PE teacher to continue his teaching duties. Physical Education is just as important to the life of a child as Mathematics, Language Arts, Social Studies and the many other disciplines on the curriculum.The Physical Education teacher like the other teachers in primary school has many roles to perform. He / she is a trainer who improves fitness, an instructor who directs activities and practices, a motivator who generates a positive and decisive approach and a disciplinarian who determines a system of punishment and rewards. The PE teacher is also a manager who plans and organises, an administrator who deals with paperwork, a public relations officer who works with the media and a social worker who advises and counsels. He/ she has to be a friend to the student, a scientist who analyses, evaluates and solves problems and who has to take on the role of student willing to listen, learn and look for new knowledge.

JOHN CUMBERBATCHMEMORIAL LECTURE

Establishing a Teaching Service Commission:Implications for

Professionalisation and Standards

The following is an edited version of the 2013 lecture delivered byRalph Thorne, Q.C. to mark the John Cumberbatch Memorial Lecture.

“If we do not pursue our work with truth,then the result of our labours will always lack virtuous substance.I am honoured that you have asked me to do this John Cumberbatch Memorial Lecture. And if we must suitably memorialise your deceased former President, let us do so with the recognition that President Cumberbatch pursued his work for your union with truth.Let us also acknowledge the nobility of his labours, and when we do all this, we may justly say that the proof of the virtuous substance of his labours is that the Barbados Union of Teachers continues to thrive some 20 years after President Cumberbatch retired from your service.”...“I think my pressing duty is to make some inquiry into these creatures called Service Commissions and to ponder on the desirability of these organs within the Public Service.”...“Imbued with the constitutional features of supremacy and permanence, the origin of Service Commissions within the Constitution also renders to them the status of independence from political influence and control since the nature of a Constitution is that it also reflects no political bias or colour.”...“While there is a certain noble intent in establishing politically independent Service Commissions, they will often exist at the mercy of the frailties of humankind.”...“If professionalisation is the process by which a particular calling evolves to a stage at which it is socially defined as a profession, I suggest to you that the term profession involves an image and a status existing in both form and substance.As a matter of form, the term profession involves a certain social prestige. That prestige may derive from the “clean” nature of the work, or, as we say, “white collar work”, or from the high income that derives from the undertaking. Particularly where the numbers are significantly limited, the calling acquires for itself a certain mystique that its members often guard with jealous insecurity.In substance, I suggest to you that the term profession is one which depends on the existence of a number of factors. It seems to me that the factors include, 1) the calling is clearly identified, and identifiable, due to its peculiar features; 2) the calling requires specialised knowledge and training; and, 3) the calling attracts high social value.”...

22 BUT40th JUNE2015

“Since we are always more interested in substance than in form, the question therefore is whether a Teaching Service Commission guarantees teaching the image and status by which it may be called a profession.If I remain faithful to my definition of profession, I must then suggest to you that a Teaching Service Commission cannot be the birthplace of professionalization. It must be that professionalization begins with specialised training that equips its participants to acquire skills that are exclusively theirs.”...“Whereas the old descriptive language of “school-master” spoke volumes of the high social esteem of the profession, the new language of “teacher” lacks the social currency of erstwhile times.”...“In the aftermath of all this, and as we discourse on the issue of professionalization, it is pertinent to investigate the legal status of the teacher within the public education system and to consider the importance of a separate Teaching Service Commission.I suggest to you that there exists a triangular relationship between the Government, the Public Service Commission and the teacher. In a proposed Teaching Service Commission you can substitute the role and status of the Public Service Commission as having identical location.

Let us define the status of a teacher within the public education system.1. The Government is the employer of teachers and is charged with the responsibility of paying teachers.2. It is a potentially complex arrangement that, while Government is the employer, it has no constitutional power in relation to appointment, discipline and removal.3. The Government, through the Ministry of Education, is responsible for the management of the teaching service. This triangular relationship has shown itself capable of creating much confusion in the minds of the various parties as to their respective roles and legal responsibilities.”“Perhaps it has been a disguised blessing that the location of teachers under the Public Service Commission has helped to amplify its structural deficiencies so that the necessary improvements may be effected in a Teaching service commission when it finally comes into being.”...

“By whatever standard we judge our teaching profession, it must be that there is, after all, some merit in the argument that there is a point at which form transfigures itself into substance and that image is as important as knowledge.The Police Force has been dressed in the cloak of legal dignity of a

JUNE2015 BUT40th 23

“Imbued with the constitutional features of supremacy and permanence, the origin of Service Commissions within the Constitution also renders to them the status of independence from political influence and control since the nature of a Constitution is that it also reflectsno political bias or colour.”

“While there is a certain noble intent in establishing politically independent Service

Commissions, they will often exist at the mercy of the frailties of

humankind.”

24 BUT40th JUNE2015

Police Service Commission. We would be mistaken to conclude that it is mere dressing, mere form. Again, I argue that form transfigures into substance and that the public and politicians are likely to give greater respect to the profession when, like the Police, it receives its constitutional dressing of a Teaching Service Commission.”...“If independence is the main virtue that we seek to create in a Service Commission, I respectfully suggest that the present guarantees are too artificial and still allow for considerable political interference.In matters of appointment, discipline and removal of public officers the political directorate has no constitutional function.”...“These three functions are sacred and I say loudly that in relation to the matter of removal, there is definitely no constitutional role for politicians.In matters of removal, how does the public servant avoid the dilemma that Isaac encountered when he stated incredulously that the voice was that of Jacob’s but the hands seemed to be those of Esau’s?”...“The Constitution ought to protect the tenure of members of the Service Commission, not with the guarantee, but with the hope that permanent tenure will imbue the office holders with a sense of their own independence and freedom from political influence and control.”...“The man whose memory we celebrate tonight was a champion of dynamic and progressive change. Perhaps it is that spirit that would have agitated for these changes in the law, not as a guarantee that the profession of teaching would reclaim its cloak of professionalization and high standards, but that we would render to teaching the things that are constitutionally and justly due to this noble profession.

I began my discourse reflecting on the virtue of truth,

acknowledging always, that truth is the narrow road that

leads to the broad destination of justice. John Cumberbatch

was one of those many individuals who embraced

truth, but he was also rare for the courage with which he

pursued his mission towards justice, and we are all indebted.

I am obliged to you.”

Ralph Thorne, QCThe BWU congratulates the

BARBADOS UNION OF TEACHERSon its 40th anniversary.

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26 BUT40th JUNE2015

The Baby Boomers are retiring from the Public Service and this certainly has not escaped our colleagues in the Teaching Service. Baby Boomers are those persons born between1946-1964.In another five to 10 years the Baby Boomers would have all passed the age of 60 and will certainly be contemplating retirement. A mass exodus of teachers is expected soon since most teachers tend to retire around the age of 60 or before, if that option is available. Although the retirement age is presently 66½ years and will become 67 in 2018 it is not expected, given the stressful nature of teaching that teachers will stay in the classroom when they require a cane to assist with walking.

Certainly, most of the teachers who were born between 1946 and 1955 have retired, are about to retire or are thinking seriously about it. However, if you have made the decision to retire then some serious planning and preparation is required because this is an important stage of your life.

Quite recently I have received a number of calls from colleagues seeking information on retirement. This article will seek to provide some information and assistance and also offer some advice to my colleagues.

Most persons ask questions about what you have to do when you want to retire, when they can retire and about gratuity and pension. Colleagues you need to be aware that there is an optional age of retirement and a compulsory age of retirement.

Optional Age of RetirementA teacher who was appointed in the teaching service before July 15, 1985 can retire at age 55 years if they so desire or thereafter. Those teachers who were appointed after July 15, 1985 can retire at age 60 years if they so desire or thereafter.

Compulsory Age of RetirementIn 2002, under the Pensions (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 2004 Cap 25 the compulsory age of retirement was increased from 65 years to 67 years. This was done incrementally by adding six months every

Retirement:An Important Stage for Teachers

Herbert Gittens - BUT General Secretary

four years. At present the retirement age in the Public Service is 66 ½ years and on January 1, 2018 the retirement age will become 67 years. It, therefore, means that on reaching 66 ½ years any worker in the teaching/public service must retire.

It must be noted that the compulsory retirement age is the same as that at which National Insurance is paid under the National Insurance and Social Security (Amendment) Act 2002.

It is noted that you qualify to receive a gratuity and a pension on retirement once you have reached the optional or compulsory age of retirement. Those who retire before will have their gratuity/pension stored until their reach the optional age of retirement (55 or 60) years whichever applies. Teachers qualify for a gratuity and a pension provided that the teacher has completed 10 years or more of service. Also note that where a teacher has completed less than 10 years of service but more than five years, a gratuity is paid but not a pension.

When a teacher retires, two options are available to him/her. The options available are:A. A gratuity and a reduced pensionB. A full pension but not gratuityThe following formula is used to calculate gratuity and pensions.

Gratuity is a ¼ of A multiplied by 12 ½ Annual Reduced pension is ¾ of AIt is advisable that teachers take the option of a gratuity and a reduced pension. Gratuity is a lump sum which is received on retirement. The reduced pension is paid monthly.

Please note that the maximum amount of time or service on which gratuity and pension is calculated is 33 1/3 years or 400 months. This calculation is done at the highest salary you would have gained over a three year period. This applies to acting of full-time employment.

Number of completed monthsx annual pensionable emoluments = A

600

JUNE2015 BUT40th 27

Continued on Page 30

28 BUT40th JUNE2015(246)622-1099

‘Silent doctor’ grapefruit is part of the focus of interest for the health section of this magazine as I attempt to manifest its healing capacity. I refer to grapefruit as ‘The ‘Bajan’ Queen of Vitality’. In fact, it is on record as being excellent for preventing insomnia, constipation and diabetes. Murray, Pizzorono & Pizzorono (2006) in their book The Encyclopedia of Healing Foods posit that grapefruit is

‘The ‘Bajan‘ Queen of Vitality‘by Annette Maynard-Watson

The statement, ‘Manifest its healing destiny’ exploded in my mind as I began scripting this article.

JUNE2015 BUT40th 29

40thAnniversary 40thAnniversary

Congratulates the BARBADOS UNION OF TEACHERS

on their

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIESCAVE HILL CAMPUS

recorded as being first noticed in Barbados in the 1750s. They further suggest that it is a cross between an orange and pomelo. This makes the grapefruit a ‘born and bred’ Barbadian. Internationally, it is noted as one of the ‘Seven Wonders of Barbados’. So, continue reading to further discover the magnificence of this great fruit and its relation to radiant health.

Pink grapefruit or Citrus paradisi is a very juicy citrus fruit. It contains carbohydrates, dietary fiber, water, sugar, folate, Vitamin B 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 & 9, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and magnesium. In the department of healing, consuming grapefruits regularly can assist with maintaining alkalinity in the body. Grapefruits can lower blood cholesterol and reduce the risk of prostate, stomach and pancreatic cancer. They hinder the development of arteriosclerosis and can assist with weight loss. They also alleviate some of the symptoms of lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Grapefruits are used as a medicine in scanty urination caused by kidney, liver and heart disorders. They are employed to treat fevers, the flu, malaria, diabetes, anemia, gallstones, liver and complexion challenges. The Journal of Medicinal Food (March2006) published the results of a study by Dr. Ken Fujioka which suggested a correlation between eating grapefruits and weight loss. Dr. Ken Fujioka of Scripps Clinic conducted a 12-week study of a 100 obese men and women in San Diego and concluded that consuming one-half grapefruit before meals resulted in an average weight loss of 3.6 pounds. Some persons from the sample group lost as much as 10 pounds. Additionally, researchers from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem tested the antioxidant potential of white and red grapefruits and their cholesterol-lowering potential in humans. The findings were that both types of grapefruit appeared to lower LDL (low density cholesterol) in 30 days. Furthermore, researchers at UCLA and Zhongshan University in China discovered that Naringenin, a plant compound found in grapefruits helped repair damaged genetic material (DNA) in human prostate

Mr. and Mrs. Wong after about a year and a half of marriage were expecting

their first child. When their son was born the baby was Caucasian. This had

Mr. Wong very concerned and he said to the doctor, “How could this be? Two Wongs don’t make a white.” He eventually accepted the white child as his own and when asked to give the child’s name as was the custom .. Mr Wong called his son Sum Ting Wong. - Unknown

cancer cells. DNA repair stops cancer cells from multiplying. In conclusion, Barbados should be the major exporter of grapefruits, since its discovery is linked to the island. We need to do more research on our grapefruit. I implore readers to bring this treasure back to our kitchens and gardens. So, just as we love strawberries and apricots, we can each reach out and savour more of the essence of our grapefruits. Let us put the Barbados stamp on them! They are ‘award-winners’ in the department of healing.

Annette Maynard-Watson, a teacher and herbal educator, may be contacted at silentdoctors@gmail.com or 250-6450. Disclaimer: It is not our intention to prescribe or make specific health claims for any products. Any attempt to diagnose and treat real illness should come under the direction of your health care professional.

LAFF IT UP!

30 BUT40th JUNE2015

Therefore if a teacher acts in a higher post for 36 months continuously preceding his/her retirement or 36 months in the five years preceding his/her retirement, then gratuity/pension is calculated on the higher salary gained during that period.

Teachers who qualify for two Pensions• Teachers who were in the service on or September 1, 1975 will qualify for both the Civil Service Pension and a National Insurance Pension.• Teachers who were joined the service after September 1, 1975 will only get one Pension since the Pensions (Miscellaneous) Act 1975 states that such persons will have their pensions reduced by the amount of pension payable under the National Insurance and Social Security Act.

National Insurance PensionNIS pension is paid at pensionable age, which currently is 66 ½ years. However, teachers can opt to receive their pensions earlier but will lose 0.5% for every month between the requested date for payment and

the pensionable age. So if you apply at age 62 years and the retirement age is 66 ½ years then you would have taken your NIS pension 4 ½ years or 54 months earlier. You will therefore receive (54 x .5% per month) or 27% less pension.

Steps to Note in RetirementNow that you understand how it works you are ready to take that trip away from the workforce. It is advisable that you have ensured that you do not have any serious financial obligations that will seriously erode your gratuity. If that is the case then you should make an effort to settle any debts. In such a case you may want to work an extra year or two.One of the things that many persons forget is that your bills will still have to be paid and your financial commitments will still exist. Food, utility bills, medical bills, car maintenance, home care and all other commitments will still be there. Plan effectively.

Once you have put everything in place for your retirement then you need to follow these steps carefully. It is advisable that your application to the Ministry of Education, Science Technology and Innovation be

Continued from Page 27

JUNE2015 BUT40th 31

prepared and submitted at least eight months in advance.

THE APPLICATION GOES THROUGH NINE STAGES BEFORE PAYMENT IS MADE. THESE INCLUDE

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR PROCESSING PENSION/GRATUITYThe following documents are to be submitted to the Ministry of Education and signed by your Head of Department (Principal).1. Letter of retirement2. Birth certificate3. Marriage certificate (in case of females)

4. Option form5. National Registration number

WHERE A TEACHER DIES IN OFFICEWhen a teacher dies in office the deceased’s estate will need to take out Letters of Administration through an attorney-at-law in order to receive the Commuted Pension Gratuity. The payment is calculated using the formula outlined earlier. As I said earlier, plan effectively for your retirement but make sure you stay healthy and enjoy it to the fullest.Happy retirement colleagues and remember the following quotes:“Retirement is a time to do what you want to do, when you want to it, where you want to do it and how you want to do it.” - Catherine PulsiferStage 9

Acct. General

Stage 1Board

Stage 2Ministry

RETIREE

Stage 4Acct. General

Stage 3PAD

Stage 7Governor Gen.

Stage 5Auditor Gen.

Stage 6 PAD

Stage 8 PAD

a home is worth a thous�d memori�!