EZA Opening seminar – The main focuses of the European Social DialogueMilan, November 22 – 23
Strategy “Europe 2020” and the EU employment package: workers’ organisations are taking part
in creating more and good work
Barbara Gerstenberger
Coordinator in the Directorate
Eurofound
In this presentationIn this presentation
• Europe 2020: What does it say about more and better jobs?
• The track record: figures on recent job creation and job loss from the European Jobs Monitor
• Job quality in Europe: results from the European Working Conditions Survey
• Green jobs: responses and initiatives by Member States and the social partners
Streamline the policy concept of quality of work; devise a set of indicators to monitor progress
European employment strategy European employment strategy and quality of workand quality of work
THE TRACK RECORDTHE TRACK RECORD
5 million jobs lost in the EU 5 million jobs lost in the EU
Jobs lost in the EU 2008q2 – 2010q2 by wage quintile
Source:European Jobs Monitor
Before and after . . .Before and after . . .
Source:European Jobs Monitor
““Shrinking middle”Shrinking middle”
Employment shifts by wage quintile during the recession 2008 - 2010
Source:European Jobs Monitor
““Shrinking middle”Shrinking middle”
Employment shifts by wage quintile during the recession 2008 - 2010
Source:European Jobs Monitor
““Shrinking middle”Shrinking middle”
Employment shifts by wage quintile during the recession 2008 - 2010
Source:European Jobs Monitor
Manufacturing:Manufacturing:decline in the EUdecline in the EU
Source:European Jobs Monitor
Manufacturing:Manufacturing:a German exceptiona German exception
Source:European Jobs Monitor
Employment shifts by job-wage and job-education/skill quintile, EU27, Q2 2008 to Q2 2010 (thousands)
Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2) Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2)
2011 q2 – 2012 q2
2008 q2 – 2010 q2
Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2):Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2):Spain Spain
Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2):Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2):Germany Germany
Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2):Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2):Poland Poland
Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2):Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2):Italy Italy
JOB QUALITY IN EUROPEJOB QUALITY IN EUROPE
Eurofound’s approach to measuring quality of workEurofound’s approach to measuring quality of work
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• Composite indicators based on the European Working Conditions Survey
• Approach:• We consider: work itself (the activity) and the nature of the
physical location of the employment • But not: the nature of the labour market and beyond
• We want to describe:• Characteristics of the job (facts)
• Guiding question: to what extend does the job fulfil workers’ needs from work
• But not: subjective elements (expectations, feelings, preferences)
• Aim: Obtain a measure of job quality independent of workers’ personal circumstances and the external labour market
Quality of work in Eurofound‘s studyQuality of work in Eurofound‘s study
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Earnings (relative to Romania)Earnings (relative to Romania)
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Working Time Quality (relative to Montenegro)Working Time Quality (relative to Montenegro)
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Intrinsic Job Quality (relative to Turkey)Intrinsic Job Quality (relative to Turkey)
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Prospects (relative to Turkey)Prospects (relative to Turkey)
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Average job quality indices by genderAverage job quality indices by gender
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Percentage of individuals with low quality jobs, by genderPercentage of individuals with low quality jobs, by gender
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Job quality indices in EU-15 countries, 1995 - 2010Job quality indices in EU-15 countries, 1995 - 2010
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Change in Skills and DiscretionChange in Skills and Discretion(T) (T) by country in the EU 15, by country in the EU 15, 1995 – 20101995 – 2010
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Change in Work Intensity (T) by country in the Change in Work Intensity (T) by country in the EU 15EU 151995 – 20101995 – 2010
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Conclusion from the 5th EWCSConclusion from the 5th EWCS
• One fifth ‚low quality‘ jobs are too much • Physical environment has hardly improved – in spite of
effirts • Increasing work intensity leads to risk of high stress
levels – impact on ‘sustainability’• Increase in index for skills and discretion in some
countries is positive • Working Time Quality has improved in all countries –
but flexibility of working time for workers must be monitored 21/04/23 30
GREEN JOBSGREEN JOBS
More and better green jobs?More and better green jobs?
• Net job creation effect of greening of industries is likely to be neutral
• Data from the European Restructuring Monitor shows ‘green’ sector facing turbulences
• Impact of ‘greening’ on quality of jobs mainly through skills and training dimension
• ‘Greening’ as such is not a topic of major importance for social partners
• Little or no social dialogue in newly emerging industries
Level of engagement and mobilisation by national governments and social partners
