Divizia 4 Infanterie ,,GEMINA

Divizia 4 Infanterie ,,GEMINA

Centrul Secundar de nvaare a Limbii Engleze

Cluj-Napoca

Lucrare de curs

BARCELONA

Coordonator:

Cursant:Prof. Patricia LUPA

Plt. Maj. Daniel TRAC

Cluj-Napoca

-2010-TABLE OF CONTENTS1.HISTORY OF BARCELONA

2.POINTS OF INTEREST

3.CONCLUSION

4.BIBLIOGRAPHY1.HISTORY OF BARCELONAThe foundation of Barcelona is the subject of two different legends. The first attributes the founding of the city to Hercules 400 years before the building of Rome thus the name ; . The second legend attributes the foundation of the city directly to the Carthaginian Hamilcar Barca, father of Hannibal, who named the city Barcino after his family, in the 3rd century BC.

Barcelona is the capital and the most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia and the second largest city in Spain, with a population of 1,615,908 in 2008. It is the 11th-most populous municipality in the European Union and sixth-most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris, London, Rhine-Ruhr Area, Madrid and Milan, with a population of 4,185,000.

It is located on the Mediterranean coast (4123N 211E) between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Bess and is bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola ridge (512 m/1,680 ft).

Barcelona is a major economic centre with one of Europe's principal Mediterranean ports, and Barcelona International Airport is the second largest in Spain after the Madrid-Barajas Airport (handles about 30 million passengers per year). Founded as a Roman city, Barcelona became the capital of the Counts of Barcelona.

Besieged several times during its history, Barcelona is today an important cultural centre and a major tourist destination and has a rich cultural heritage. Particularly renowned are architectural works of Antoni Gaud and Llus Domnech i Montaner that have been designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The city is well known in recent times for the 1992 Summer Olympics. The headquarters of the Union for the Mediterranean are located in Barcelona.

2.POINTS OF INTERESTParks

Barcelona contains 68 municipal parks, divided into 12 historic parks, 5 thematic (botanical) parks, 45 urban parks and 6 forest parks. They range from vest-pocket parks to large recreation areas. The urban parks alone cover 10% of the city (549.7 ha/1,358.3 acres). The total park surface grows about 10 ha (25 acres) per year, with a proportion of 18.1 square metres (195 sq ft) of park area per inhabitant.

The entrance to Gaud's "Park Gell"

Barcelona's cultural roots go back 2000 years. To a greater extent than the rest of Catalonia, where Catalonia's native Catalan is more dominant, Barcelona is a bilingual city: Catalan and Spanish are both official languages and widely spoken. The Catalan spoken in Barcelona, Central Catalan, is the one closest to standard Catalan. Since the arrival of democracy, the Catalan culture (very much repressed during the dictatorship of Franco) has been promoted, both by recovering works from the past and by stimulating the creation of new works. Barcelona is designated as a world-class city by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network

Entertainment and performing arts

In La Rambla, famous for its living statues

Barcelona park

Concert halls in Barcelona

Barcelona has many venues for live music and theatre, including the world-renowned Gran Teatre del Liceu opera theatre, the Teatre Nacional de Catalunya, the Teatre Lliure and the Palau de la Msica Catalana concert hall. Barcelona also is home to the Barcelona and Catalonia National Symphonic Orchestra (Orquestra Simfnica de Barcelona i Nacional de Catalunya, usually known as OBC), the largest symphonic orchestra in Catalonia. In 1999, the OBC inaugurated its new venue in the brand-new Auditorium (l'Auditori). It performs around 75 concerts per season and its current director is Eiji Oue.

Yearly two major pop music festivals take place in the city, the Snar Festival and the Primavera Sound Festival. The city also has a thriving alternative music scene, with groups such as The Pinker Tones receiving international attention.

Museums

Barcelona has a great number of museums, which cover different areas and eras. The National Museum of Art of Catalonia possesses a well-known collection of Romanesque art while the Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art focuses on post-1945 Catalan and Spanish art. The Fundaci Joan Mir, Picasso Museum and Fundaci Antoni Tpies hold important collections of these world-renowned artists.

Several museums cover the fields of history and archeology, like the City History Museum, the Museum of the History of Catalonia, the Archeology Museum of Catalonia, the Barcelona Maritime Museum and the private-owned Egyptian Museum. The Erotic museum of Barcelona is among the most peculiar ones, while Cosmocaixa is a science museum that received the European Museum of the Year Award in 2006.

Several museums offer free entry on the first Saturday or first Sunday of each month.

Architecture

The La Sagrada Famlia church, Gaudi's masterpiece

The Barri Gtic ("Gothic Quarter" in Catalan) is the centre of the old city of Barcelona. Many of the buildings date from medieval times, some from as far back as the Roman settlement of Barcelona. Catalan modernisme architecture (often known as Art Nouveau in the rest of Europe), developed between 1885 and 1950 and left an important legacy in Barcelona. A great number of these buildings are World Heritage Sites. Especially remarkable is the work of architect Antoni Gaud, which can be seen throughout the city. His best known work is the immense but still unfinished church of the Sagrada Famlia, which has been under construction since 1882, and is still financed by private donations. As of 2007, completion is planned for 2026.

Barcelona is also home to Mies van der Rohe's Barcelona Pavilion. Designed in 1929 for the International Exposition for Germany. It is an iconic building designed by one of the most influential architects of the 20th century.

Barcelona won the 1999 RIBA Royal Gold Medal for its architecture, the first (and as of 2009, only) time that the winner has been a city, and not an individual architect.

Works by Llus Domnech i Montaner, Palau de la Msica Catalana and Hospital de Sant Pau, included in the list in 1997.

Works by Antoni Gaud, including Park Gell, Palau Gell, Casa Mil, Casa Vicens, Sagrada Famlia (Nativity faade and crypt), Casa Batll, Crypt in Colonia Gell. The first three works were inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 1984. The other four were added as extensions to the site in 2005.

Casa Mil

Jfader batto facade

Sport

You can tell a lot about the success or decadence of a sports club from the type of facilities it uses. In terms of FC Barcelona, the clubs history can be clearly be divided into three main stages.

In the early days, the club constantly switched between different grounds. In the second stage, the club was consolidated by finding a permanent home at Les Corts. And the third stage, and the construction of the Camp Nou, reflects the expansion and grandeur of the club on a global scale.

The old Les Corts ground, inaugurated in 1922, was remodelled several times in order to find room for Baras constantly growing fan base. After the Spanish Civil War, the club started attracting more and more members every year, which also meant a considerably larger number of spectators at matches. This increased support was the inspiration for several expansion projects, of the south goal (1946), the north goal (1950), and the grandstands capacity (1944). But it was becoming patently evident that what the club really needed to do was build a completely new stadium, and therefore the board of directors combined these improvements to Les Corts with plans to make the dream of a new stadium a reality.

Camp Nou Footbal Arena

The construction (1954-1957)

The architects of the new stadium were Francesc Mitjans Mir, cousin of Mir-Sans, and Josep Soteras Mauri, with the collaboration of Lorenzo Garca Barbn. More than a year later, on July 11, 1955, the club commissioned the construction work to the INGAR SA company, who estimated the project at 66,620,000 pesetas, claiming it would take 18 months to complete. However, the stadium would eventually cost an awful lot more than the original estimate, eventually totalling around 288 million pesetas, an amount that would need to be covered by successive issues of mortgage obligations (100 million pesetas) and short term bonds (60 million pesetas). This measure meant the construction of the stadium could be financed, but would leave the club in heavy debt for many years after.

On the day of the 1957 Merc Festival, the city was decked out in the FC Barcelona colours. The celebrations continued with the holding of a solemn mass and the blessing of the stadium by the Archbishop of Barcelona, Gregorio Modrego. The Orfen Graciense choir then performed Hndels Hallelujah while the image of the Virgin of Montserrat was exalted. The presidents box was packed with the most important personages of the sporting and political worlds of the period, including club president Francesc Mir-Sans; Jos Sols Ruiz, general secretary for Movement, which was the equivalent of the ministry of sport at the time; Jos Antonio Elola Olaso, head of the National Delegation of Sportspeople; Felipe Acedo, civil governor of Barcelona, and Josep M. de Porcioles, Mayor of Barcelona.

3.CONCLUSION

4.BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona

http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/club_avui/territori_barca/CampNou/intro_historica.html

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