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Barriers toIntercultural
Communication
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Definitions
Intercultural communication refers tointerpersonal communication
Descriptive of communication between peopleliving in the same country as well as in differentcountries
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4 terms that apply to interculturalcommunication (Samovar and Porter)
Interracial
Interethnic
International
intracultural
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Culture
Total system of language, values, beliefs,customs, religions, art, and manners
Also includes and is affected by theeconomic system of the country
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Barriers to interculturalcommunication
Stereotypes
Prejudice
Proxemics
Kinesics
Chronemics
Translation limitations
Lack of languagetraining
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Ways to overcome the barriers
Learn about the persons culture
Have patience
Get help when you need it
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Some cultural differences
Indians look down when acknowledgingauthority; seen as untrustworthiness by
North Americans and Europeans
Public reprimands are acceptable and even
effective in the US but not in other cultures
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Argentineans and other South Americansneed time for trust building before doingdeals; for N. Americans, time is money
Germans value experience/seniority/ageand sending young managers to deal with
seniors is a mistake; jokes areinappropriate in business settings
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Taking pictures of local people in Africa isoffensiveKoranic prohibition on
representations of a person, beingphotographed may be equivalent tobecoming a victim of witchcraft
The Japanese smile is a law of etiquette
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Shaking of the head for no and nodding foryes are unknown in some countries
In Middle East, Latin America, andsouthern European countries, male friends
exchange greetings with hugs and kisses
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Arabs in some regions disapprove of usingthe left hand to take food from a serving
dish; to do so is considered unclean.
People in some cultures maintain eye
contact when talking while other avoid eyecontact to show respect.
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Writing for an international audience
Write naturally but avoid abbreviations,slang, acronyms, technical jargon, sports
and military analogies, and other devices.
Avoid words that trigger emotional
responses such as anger, fear, orsuspicion.
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Use simple terms but attempt to be specific aswell
Follow the same techniques for increasingreadability you would use to someone fluent inEnglish
Consider the subtle differences in the waysspecific cultures organize messages
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Use graphics, visual aids, and forms, whenpossible to simplify the message.
Use figures for expressing numbers toavoid confusion.
Be aware of differences in the waynumbers and dates are written
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Write out the name of the month to avoidmisunderstandings.
Adapt the letter format to the traditionalformat of the recipients country
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Reference List
Guirdham, Maureen. (1999). Communicatingacross cultures. London: MacMillan Press Ltd.
Lehman, Carol and Dufrene, Debbie. (1999).Business communication (12thed.). Ohio:South-Western College Publishing.