BASE LINE SURVEY REPORT (BIHAR)...

IDRFIDRFINDIA DEVELOPMENT AND RELIEF FUND

www.transparencyindia.orgwww.transparencyindia.orgwww.transparencyindia.orgwww.transparencyindia.org

BASE LINE SURVEY

BIHAR

REPORT

BASE LINE SURVEYREPORT

BIHAR


BIHAR

BASE LINE SURVEY

BIHAR

REPORT


BIHAR

BASE LINE SURVEY

BIHAR

REPORT


BIHAR

Project PAHAL: Promoting Good Governance and

Fighting Corruption through Multilevel Interventionsin the

State of Bihar

2017-18

Supported byIndia Development and Relief Fund

Abbreviations

Acknowledgement

1. Highlights of the Report

2. Background of the Project Pahal

3. Governance in Bihar - A General Overview

4. Purpose of Conducting the Base Line Survey

5. Development of Research Design

6. Data Collection Tools

7. Data Collection & Quality Assurance

8. Data Analysis & Findings

9. Way Forward

10. Annexure

03

04

05

10

13

15

17

18

19

20

57

58

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS

AC : Anganwadi Centres

APL : Above Poverty Line

BPL : Below Poverty Line

CC : Citizen's Charter

CCC : Committee of Concerned Citizens

CRC : Citizen's Report Card

CSO : Civil Society Organization

DRDA : District Rural Development Authority

Govt. : Government

IAY : Indira Awas Yojana

ICT : Information Communication & Technology

IDRF : India Development and Relief Fund

MDM : Mid-Day Meal

MGNREGA : Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

MLA : Member of Legislative Assembly

MP : Member of Parliament

NGO : Non-Governmental Organisation

PDS : Public Distribution System

PHC : Public Health Centre

PRI : Panchayati Raj Institutions

RTE : Right to Education Act

RTH : Right to Hearing/Bihar Public Grievance Redressal Act

RTI : Right to Information Act

RTS : Right to Services Act

SA : Social Audit

SMC : School Managing Committee

SHG : Self Help Groups

TII : Transparency International India

WS : Ward Sabha

www.transparencyindia.org 03

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The report “Baseline Survey in Bihar” is a result of a three month long survey by

Transparency International India (TII). We are thankful to India Development Relief

Fund (IDRF) for granting this project to TII. Our sincere and heartfelt acknowledgement

goes to respected Shri Vinod Prakash, President, IDRF and Shri Prem Garg, Advisor,

IDRF for showing confidence in project. We are extremely thankful and indebted for both

of them, as they have been a driving force for our team. We are also thankful to office staff of TII for coordinating the study with the field team

since the beginning till the completion of this study. It should be mentioned that without

the perseverance of the staff of the organization and co-operation of the senior

representatives, a participatory evaluation like this would not be possible.

We are grateful to the entire local research staff/members specially Shri Ashok Singh and

Shri Raj kumar for conducting this study efficiently. We thank them for diligently

completing the study by visiting the field and conducting meetings with all the

stakeholders in the project intervention area.

We are equally thankful to the local stakeholders, social worker for their participation and

contribution to the accomplishment of this survey. Respondents and members across the

state of Bihar have unhesitatingly given their time for which we would like to express our

appreciation. Last but not the least, special thanks to Shri Rama Nath Jha, Executive Director, TII for his

final inputs and suggestions to finalize the report.

Project PAHAL Team

Pankaj KumarBrij Bhushan Singh

Manish ManglaAjay Kumar


Highlights of the Report

Gender Profile (Male, Female and Others)

Educational Background

Occupational Background

Economic Status of the Respondents

61%246 155

39%

56%

16% 47%

AGE GROUP19-40 YearsAGE GROUP19-40 Years

PASSED SENIOR SECONDARY OR HIGHER QUALIFICATION

AGRICULTURE DAILY WAGES COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES(LIKE SHOPS, OCCASIONAL WORK etc)

ILLITERATE

5% 42% 34%

BPL APL OTHERSBELOW POVERTY LINE ABOVE POVERTY LINE

64% 33% 3%


Panchayati Raj Institution

Public Distribution System (PDS)

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

Mid-Day Meal

Education

27% 28%1%Respondents know about Gram Sabha

Respondents said that Gram Sabha meetings are conducted on quarterly basis

Respondents denied of any Ward Sabha meeting

being conducted

OnlyOut of them only

61% 8%Respondents are

availing the services of PDS Scheme

Respondents don’t get any

Entitlement

58%58% 0.5%0.5%93%93%of them are not aware of

about Social AuditRespondents are aware

about the Lokpal(Ombudsman) for the scheme

Respondents claimed that they do not posses their Job Cards

AroundOnly

87%87%

86% 88%

13%13%RECEIVING THE MID-DAY MEAL

Send their Ward/School going Child to Govt. run School

Respondents are not aware aboutRight to Education

QUALITY IS NOT GOOD


Anganwadi

Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana

Health

Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA)

17%32%Of the respondents admitted receiving

gas connection under PMUY Scheme

Respondents

still use wood

only

39%14%Respondents were

with the services

of Govt. Hospital/ Health Centre

not satisfiedRespondents indicated that

they services of Govt. Hospital

don’t avail

98% 11%Respondents said that Anganwadi centre is available in their panchayat

Respondents said that Centre does not opens on time.

Around

66%66%Around

Respondents were aware of ASHA workers


Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna (PMAY)

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)

95% 96%Respondents were aware about PradhanMantri Awas Yojana

Respondents faced problems while

availing the benefits of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana

67% 33%Respondents reported that

is available in their houses

sanitation facilityRespondents still don’t have

in their houses

sanitation facility

90%90%Respondents reported that their family members have

at least one bank accountAround

E-Governance

21% 3%Respondents were aware

about the Common Service CentreRespondents were satisfied with the services of the Common Service Centre


Social Audit

Awareness About Tools of Improving Governance: RTI, RTS etc.

91% Less than1%

14% 6%

Respondents were not aware about

the Right to Information Act.

Respondents had filed applicationunder Right to Information Act.

Respondents reported that they paid bribe

for obtaining governments

services

Respondents said that, they were asked

to pay bribe to getthe government

services/schemes

78%Respondents said that Panchayat

officials never conducted any discussionon the quality/type of work done.

98%Respondents were not aware about

the Right to Service Act


Transparency International India (TII) is a leading non- political, independent, non-governmental anti-corruption organisation of India. TII has extensive expertise and understanding of issues of corruption in India.

From villages in rural India to the corridors of power in Delhi, TII gives voice to the victims and witnesses of corruption. We work in constructive manner in the interest of the country together with Union and State governments, like minded civil society organizations, corporate, academia, media and common

citizens. The main aim is to reduce corruption, bribery, create deterrence for abuse of power, promote good governance and the rule of law.

We raise awareness about corruption; advocate legal and policy reforms at national and state levels; design practical tools for institutions, individuals and companies wishing to combat corruption; and act as a leading centre of anti-corruption expertise in India.

Pahal: Shasan Sudhar Ki Ore: Project Pahal promotes grassroot interventions for improving governance in rural areas since April 2009. The main idea behind the initiative Pahal is to disseminate knowledge about various tool of good governance like RTI, Social Audit, Regular Gram Sabhas meetings, Citizen’s Charter and E-governance etc. to the common mass with focus on BPL families, tribal women and youth. Promoting regular interaction, participation and partnership between citizen and

government officials to improve service delivery and good governance.

This initiative was launched as follow up action to the TII's India Corruption Study 2008. The study was carried out to measure the extent of bribes paid by the rural citizens below poverty line (BPL) households

to avail the basic services (Public Distribution System, Public Healthcare, School Education, Electricity, Water Supply) and necessity services (Land Records, Housing, Forest, MGNREGA, and Banking & Police). TII succeeded in pursuing many state governments to enact Right to Service Act (RTS) under which services are to be provided to the public by the designated official within the stipulated time frame.

As a result of the intensive Pahal campaign, villagers have started recognizing their role in holding government accountable through RTI and Social Audit. Thousands of people have used RTI to get their entitlements, seek information from government and put pressure on the service providers to bring transparency and accountability in service delivery. Several cases of corruption in the Gram Panchayat were exposed due to such collective movements. PRIs have been strengthened to promote the concept of model Gram Panchayat and overall good governance in these regions.

Various studies conducted by civil societies including TII suggest that the rural population struggles to resist corruption in getting access to their rights & entitlements due to lack of literacy and awareness.

TII received financial support for project PAHAL on 22 June, 2017 to implement the project “Promoting Good Governance and Fighting Corruption through Multi-level Interventions in Bihar & Jharkhand” from India Development and Relief Fund (IDRF). Project aimed at raising awareness of the poor, marginalized & illiterate people about their legal rights, entitlements and promoting the tools of good governance in the selected Panchayat of Bihar & Jharkhand.

Background of The Project


Project Intervention Area

As per the India Corruption Study 2005, the state of Bihar ranked most corrupt state in India. All the

public services ranked among the most corrupt services in the country. As of 2011 Bihar state had a

Human Development Index value of 0.367, the third lowest state in India. Around 88% state

population lives in rural area.

State of Bihar

Bihar Project Area


Ma

dh

ub

an

iB

eg

us

ara

i

Manjhaul

Bakwa

Khanjahanpur

Daldal

Siripur

Doalakh

Pali

Dhankaul

Dathua

Kuama

Godhaul

Mohanpur

Pohadi

Minapur Balhu

Sakabasa

Basipatti

Sh

eo

ha

rD

arb

ha

ng

a

Sheohar

Madhubani

Darbhanga

Begusarai Madhepur Block

Cheria Bariarpur Block

Piprahi Block

Ghanshyampur Block

Project Pahal is primarily focussing on improving governance in rural India using various tools of good governance.

1. Citizen empowerment through trainings on various tools of Good Governance.To increase awareness about entitlements and legal rights of citizens to realize good Governance

transparency and Accountability.2. Free Information & Legal Advice through helpline

Providing free legal advice & assistance to witnesses and victims of corruption. Offering a simple, credible and viable mechanism for citizens to pursue their corruption-related complaints, to empower citizens in the fight against corruption. It also plays a critical role identifying corruption hotspots that demand reform or official action.

3. Policy Research and Advocacy for systemic reform.Project will play a critical role identifying corruption hotspots that demand reform or official action harnessing the powerful, real life data gathered through project, on the consequence and

mechanisms of corruption, Transparency International India engages in strategic advocacy to bring about systemic change in public policy and practice.

Project Pahal : Activity Plan

Key focus sectors will be

Major Activities of project

Right to Information Campaign: Some volunteers are identified and trained to make rural masses

aware of the RTI and its applications are filed to facilitate common causes and service delivery.

Training Camps for Awareness & Facilitating Service Delivery: Regular camps are held in rural areas

to raise awareness about local governance and tools to help the marginalized rural communities access the basic services through filing their applications for various Govt. schemes, RTI etc

Social Audit: The district administration is provided with necessary support to conduct Social Audits

in the Gram Panchayats in order to promote Transparency & Accountability.

Facilitating Gram Sabhas Meetings: The villagers are motivated to participate in the Gram Sabha for

active planning of village projects, selection of beneficiaries for different schemes, budgeting,

Right to Information Campaign

Training Camps for Awareness & Facilitating Service Delivery

Facilitating Gram Sabhas Meetings

Social Audit

Studies, Publications & Advocacy for pro-people reforms

Studies, Publications & Advocacy for pro-people reforms: TII conducts study & research on

effectiveness of tools of Good Governance like RTI, RTS & Various Social Welfare Schemes. Based on

empirical research & study, TII advocates with the government, PRIs and local civil societies for pro-

people improvement in existing rules & legislation and supports the positive reforms in local governance, administration and service delivery.


Governance in Bihar - A General Overview

Bihar, state of eastern India. It is bounded by Nepal to the north and by the Indian states of West Bengal to the northeast and Uttar Pradesh to the west. Bihar is distributed in 09 divisions i.e. Patna, Magadh, Saran, Tirhut, Darbhanga, Koshi, Pernea, Bhagalpur & Munger. Further, Bihar has 5 divided in 38 districts for administrative purpose. The population of the State as per 2011 census is 104099452 persons Bihar is the 3rd most populous State of the Country with 54278157. The density of the population in the state works out to 1106 persons per sq. km. as against 382 for all India. Sex ratio in the state is 918 females per thousand males. The Literacy rates is 61.80%.

Medical facilities, though improving, are still inadequate outside the towns. Large and well-equipped hospitals and medical colleges are located at Patna, Darbhanga, and Bhagalpur.

Although the literacy rate has nearly tripled in the second half of the 20th century to nearly half the state's population, Bihar still ranks low in literacy among Indian states. The rate for men is significantly higher than that for women.

Prominent institutions of higher learning in Bihar include Patna University (1917), the oldest and most important, at Patna.

Any government exists for its people. All its activities and initiatives are directed to the goal of providing good governance to it's citizens. For more than 70 years, India has been waging a relentless war with starvation, poverty, draught, famine, unemployment and most importantly, providing basic infrastructure etc. India managed to win many-such-battles to some extent, though not all. Since 2000, Jharkhand to has fought this war but with corruption at the helm of all the affairs and fighting a losing battle has certainly pushed the state towards the bottom of table in most of the developmental criterion. The aim of the government is to institute a process of administration and reforms, which will reduce the controls and regulations to a bare minimum.

The Bihar Right to Public Services Act – Bihar Lok Sevaon ki Guarantee Adhiniyam - was implemented in Bihar on August 15, 2011, and has made it mandatory for the state government and its agencies to deliver public services to people within a stipulated time frame, failing which government officials are liable for penalization. Under the Act, 52 services from 10 departments have been notified. Bihar has employed an extensive ICT framework for the implementation and monitoring of the Act. This framework includes a monitoring software - Adhikar, an IVRS helpline – Samadhan, a call centre for clarifying the provisions of the Act – Jigyasa, various mechanisms for application tracking by the citizens, and widespread use of technology to generate awareness among the people and build the capacity of government officials.

Bihar Government has different strategies in building e-Governance, correctly stated, e-Governance utilizes ICT technology to accomplish reform, eliminating distance between the common man and Government policies and empowering the citizens of a state. Government is making significant investments through various plans like NeGP for providing proactive ICT enabled services to the citizens. These developments have improved not only information delivery but also delivering the ICT technology right to the doorstep of the citizens. In most cases Government implement e-Government projects in phases and continue to build a successful structure.

E-governance initiatives have created tremendous business opportunities for us. We have rendered our expertise in various government projects spanning Civil Supplies, Transport


department, Election Commission, Rural Development, Provident Fund, Education, Administration, Human Resources etc.

Women on the other hand, continue to be under-represented in politics & work force, both at district and local levels, and largely suffer delineation from major decisions, in a state with significant gender-based inequalities.

This lack of participation is highly prevalent in many sectors in Jharkhand & Bihar, including education.

Civil society has a key role to play to respond to these challenges, particularly at the local level, where it can contribute to facilitate engagement with local authorities in a context of increased decentralisation. While civil society has not flourished till recently, with the establishment of a variety of formal organisations at the national level, the CSOs created have focused on providing a wide range of services, without necessarily being successful in relaying the voices of marginalised citizens and rural populations. CSOs, and particularly local CSO's, have also faced challenges in terms of bridging the gap between citizens, local authorities and service providers. The effectiveness of local CSOs and local authorities, their accountability and responsiveness towards citizens' needs, as well as the transparency and accountability of local decision-making process are lacking and should be improved to ensure greater citizens' inclusion in the democratic process.

These challenges underscore the need to foster a culture of participation, partnership of transparency and accountability among government and citizens. Strengthening constructive participation is especially critical in the current context, as it will pave the way for a more participatory and inclusive process in years to come.


Purpose of Conducting the Baseline Study

In order to assess the effectiveness of the various government programmes and impact of the

efforts undertaken by various government agencies for citizens residing in the rural areas, TII

commissioned this independent inter-temporal/longitudinal study –“a baseline study” to find

out the ground situation and to explore the potential areas for the interventions under Project

Pahal.The study has also attempted to find out and assess the level of awareness among the people

including vulnerable and marginalized, about their rights and entitlements, their perception of

social security schemes and possible interventions for their empowerment. During the research,

special empathisis was given to know views of marginalised section of the society about their

participation in the social & welfare activities of the Panchayati Raj Institutions.

The information generated from the Baseline survey provides starting points of reference that

will help in planning, target setting, monitoring, evaluating changes, during and after the

programme implementation and impact assessment.

The study will look at the following aspects of goverrance (i) Accountability and participation in

local decision-making (ii) Dialogue platforms around accountability and inclusive

participationand (iii) Rights and responsibilities relative to local governance.

The fieldwork for data collection was conducted during August – October 2017. The same

households will be visited in the subsequent rounds to find out the net contribution of the

initiatives of TII.

Baseline surveys are an important components for monitoring & evaluation in any project. Pahal

project activities focus primarily on promoting tools of good governance and empowering people

to fight against corruption in social welfare schemes delivery and institutions instilling integrity,

transparency and accountability. The survey was conducted in the state of Bihar and Jharkhand to

fulfil the following objectives:

?To obtain baseline information of socio-economic conditions like Public Distribution

System, housing, health, sanitation, education, employment, electricity, livelihood and

other social security schemes.

?To assess the present situation of the villages and obtain information about the

facilities and services available to the rural masses.

?To assess the gaps in entitlements and actual delivery of social security benefits and to

understand critical areas or challenges and find out the possible areas of intervention.

OBJECTIVES OF THE BASELINE SURVEY


The survey questionnaire was developed in Hindi to gather information in 4 districts of respective

states; Bihar (Begusarai, Darbhanga, Madhubani and Sheohar) and Jharkhand (Deoghar,

Koderma, Ranchi Rural and Sahibganj) about the social welfare schemes running by the state and

central govt. The questionnaire was prepared to conduct surveys with the service recipients of the

selected schemes with an objective to gather information and finally to assess the awareness

among people on available tools of good governance and to stand against corruption.The welfare

schemes and areas selected for baseline survey are:

1. Functioning of Gram Panchayat

2. Public Distribution System

3. MGNREGA

4. Education

5. Mid-Day Meal

6. Aanganwadi

7. Pradhan Mantri UjjwalaYojana

8. Health

9. Pradhan Mantri AwasYojana

10. Awareness on Tools of Good Governance

FOCUS OF BASELINE SURVEY


Develpoment of Research Design

A research design is used to provide structure to a research. It provides a blueprint for the entire

study, from its inception to the end, to maximize control over factors thereby reducing random

error, controlling systematic error and enhancing the overall validity of the research. A research

design, by answering the four major questions; which questions are to be asked, what data is

relevant, best way to obtain the data and how to analyse it; helps streamline the whole process of

research and bring it in line with its given objectives. The current study adopts an exploratory

research design. An exploratory design, as the name suggests, is used when not much prior

information is available about the research questions.

Considering the number of locations and villages, to standardise the study, Quantitative Research

was adopted. “Quantitative research is 'Explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that

are analysed using mathematically based methods (in particular statistics)'” as defined by Aliaga

and Gunderson (2000). Therefore, quantitative research method is used in this study to quantify

the data by using sampling methods and analyse it statistically, and further generalise it to a larger

universe. This quantitative method identifies certain significant indicators that help assess the

real situation of the population and the set objectives of the study. The data was collected at two

levels viz. individual level and Group level. The Group Discussion was to understand the socio-

economic situation at the village level on the above-mentioned areas/ parameters, whereas the

personal Questionnaire looked at the structure and make-up of the individual household as a

whole and finding information from the point of view of the officials and key persons from the

village.

Sample Selection and Sample Size: The identification of the locations were based on the

Project area identified during project submission. A total of 4 districts each, were taken with equal

number of blocks in the state of Jharkhand and Bihar. Blocks have been selected on the basis of

parameter for a composite social development indicators. Thus, altogether 32 Panchayat villages

have been selected as sample for this study. Given the distribution of male and female, the sample

for this baseline study altogether included 1130 households.

Being a quantitative method and spread over multiple locations across two states of India, this

study had to select a sample out of the total population. It was designed based on randomly

selected households as the 'sample' and the village on the whole as the total 'universe'. The aim in a

Sample Survey is to generalize and universalize the data collected and findings of the sample

population to the entire universe that is the total population of state.

The sample size of the study was 401 households in the state of Bihar and 729 households in the

state of Jharkhand were surveyed in total targeted blocks. A quantitative survey was conducted

from the selected Blocks/Panchayat using a random sampling method.

SAMPLING

SAMPLE SIZE


Data Collection Tools

The baseline survey employed both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods that

included a review of documents, comprehensive -survey, group discussions (GDs) at community

centres and key informant interviews. The mixed methodological approach brought complementary

perspectives from project beneficiaries and key stakeholders. The baseline was anchored around

the baseline objectives and baseline questions.

The Pahal team reviewed relevant rules and available books and material including census, website,

and departmental orders among others.

Primarily the tools employed in the core investigation were quantitative tools; a Group

Questionnaire and a Village-level Questionnaire.

Village-level Questionnaire: The information obtained in this questionnaire was about

facilities available in and around the villages such as Schools, Aanganwadis and PHCs, Social

institutions like community Centre and Panchayat Bhawan. The information was obtained by

visiting the functionaries of the village level institutions such as Panchayat representatives and

officials, school teachers, aanganwadi worker, non-formal leaders and informal discussion with a

cross-section of village authorities and key people.

Group Questionnaire: The group questionnaire was used to seek information from a group

about their socioeconomic background, housing and sanitation, demographic characteristics,

occupation, vocational skills possessed and access to PDS etc.

Both the questionnaires included many open-ended question inquiring about the major problems

in the village. This was added so as to give space and flexibility to the respondents to give their

understanding of the problems as well as possible solutions from the villager’s perspective of the

issues as it is believed that the sample population and village officials can provide an insider's view

to the needs of the village as well as the resolution of the same.

The comprehensive survey held a number of closed-and open-ended questions to collect baseline

indicators data. The survey was administered to 1130 respondents in the Jharkhand& Bihar. The

quantitative data collected via the survey was then used to identify baseline indicators. The purpose

of GDs in this study was to probe, explore and identify needs and generate data regarding facts and

attitudes. Men, women and youth were interviewed separately in each district to capture their

different needs, preferences and attitudes. PRIs, CSOs working in governance issues,

representatives of youth and women, teachers, School Management Committees, local shop keeper

and other experts that communities identified as having knowledge on governance issues in the

targeted communities.

REVIEW OF DOCUMENTS RELATING TO VARIOUS SCHEMES

TOOLS OF THE STUDY – SURVEY INSTRUMENTS

GROUP DISCUSSIONS AND PERSONAL INTERVIEW


Data Collection and Quality Assurance

The data collection for the survey was initiated with a team of eight professionals with two Programme

Managers and six local volunteers from each states.

All the questionnaires filled by investigators were scrutinized each day by the Project Officers to check it for

proper entry and clearing the doubts. If questionnaires were eliminated for improper data entered or any

other issues, the sample number was taken care of beforehand by drawing additional sample. Apart from

Questionnaires, TII team collected data from groups sitting at tea shops and weekly markets with a multi-

stakeholder approach. The questionnaires were also given to key Panchayat officials, teachers, students and

other relevant persons to obtain the necessary information. There was a need to find out the available

facilities and accessibilities.

After the completion of data entry, the questionnaires were checked and the additional/ qualitative

responses were translated from Hindi to English for data entry purpose. “MS EXCEL” was used for data

entry which is a widely used software for quantitative data. The data was then exported to Statistical Product

and Service Solutions (SPSS) for data analysis purposes.

Baseline survey is a quantitative study with a selected sample in each of the locations. The data collected from

the households and village key informants was then interpreted through SPSS. This data was used to conduct

village as well as household specific analysis, represented through indices for clear understanding. The

indices are a tabular representation of the analysed data in percentages or numbers.

DATA ENTRY

DATA INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS


To maintain the quality and uniformity of the project, all the stages of the entire survey from study design,

data collection, data entry, data analysis, and report writing was coordinated, closely monitored and

conducted by two Programme Managers under the close guidance of the Project Director. One-day training

workshop for enumerators was also organised.

QUALITY CONTROL CHECK FROM TII

?The investigators and supervisors were trained on various aspects of questionnaire, research tools and

data collection techniques.

?The data collected in field was verified and edited in the field to make it consistent. The doubts of the

field investigators were clarified in the field.

?Field supervisors edited all the questionnaires on daily basis for data gap and inconsistency.

?Back check for authenticity of data, at least 5 per cent questionnaires were back-checked by the

supervisors in the field via telephone.

?Researchers were part of the study and were directly involved and visited the coverage areas too.

Data Quality Assurance (DQA) team was deployed by specifically in the Baseline Survey for each of the 8

districts for ensuring quality of data.

?Orienting field team with close involvement of local persons.

?Monitoring field work to ensure proper introduction and questioning

?Back checking and cross checking of filled up questionnaire and re-interviewing some respondents

?Checking filled up questionnaire, coding, scrutiny and data entry for data consistency

Percentage of & Respondents

Male Female

Project PAHAL: Base Line Survey 2017

Total number of respondents interviewed in the

state of Bihar were 401; out of which 39% were

female and 61% were male. The percentage of

female respondents was less than male

respondents as females in rural areas are not

actively participating in such processes. Project

team had to work hard to even get a response from

39 % female participation in the survey.

State of Bihar

Gender Profile (Male, Female and Others) of Respondents

The highest percentage, around 30 % of respondents, belongs to the age group of 31-40 years, 26% respondents were between age group of 19-30 years. Only 1% respondents were between age group of 0-18 years, 19% respondents between age group of 41-50 years, 13 % respondents were between age group of 51-60 years. 8% respondents were between age group of 61-70 years and 3% respondents were above 70 years.

More than half respondents belong to 19-40 years of age group that shows that young people are more concerned about social problems of the area.

Age Profile of the Respondents

Age Distribution of Respondents


0-18 19-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-71 Above 71

Data Analysis and Findings

BIHAR 401 246 155

FemaleMale

No. of Respondents


Occupation Status of Respondents

Economic Status of Respondents



Only 5% respondents reported that they are

involved in agriculture; 42% respondents admitted

that they work on daily wages; 34% respondents

said that they are self employed; 9% respondents

admitted that they are working in private

companies,10% respondents admitted that they

are engaged in other activities like Shops,

occasional work etc.

Out of the total 401 respondent, 64% respondents

fall Below Poverty Line, 33% respondents were

Above Poverty Line & 3% respondents belong to

other category. This is important to note that out of

64 % only few are holding BPL Cards.

Occupation Profile of Respondents

Economic Status of the Respondents

Agriculture Daily Wages Self EmployedPrivate Job Others

APL (Above Poverty Line) OthersBPL (Below Poverty Line)

Only 16% respondents have passed senior secondary or higher qualifications, whereas more than 47 % are illiterate.

Educational Background of Respondents

Educational Profile of Respondents


Literate Graduate Illiterate Intermediate Matric Others


Reasons for Ineffective Performance

The popular name for local self-governance in India is "Panchayati Raj". It has been operational in India since ancient times when people in rural areas use to solve their problems and issues in their own self defined way and rule. In tribal community, the system of self-rule prevailed since ages. The self-rule, by whatever name it was called then had the responsibility to satisfy the local needs and aspirations of the people living in villages. Recognizing the importance of democratic institutions at the grass root level, the Indian constitution laid down in Article 40 of Part-IV of the directive principles of state policy that the "State would

initiate steps to organize village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self government". Landmark 73rd Amendment Act 1992 and 74th Amendment act 1993 set the legal basis of PRIs in India. This added two new parts to the Constitution, namely Part IX tiled "The Panchayats" and part IXA tiled "The Municipalities".

Even after conferring the constitutional status and protection through the 73rd Amendment Act,

1992, the performance of the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) has not been satisfactory and not upto

the expected level. The various reasons for this suboptimal performance are as follows:

1. Lack of adequate devolution

2. Excessive control by bureaucracy

3. Overwhelming dependency on government funding

4. Status of the Gram Sabha

5. Poor Infrastructure

A large number of elected representatives of PRIs are semi-literate or literate and know little about

their roles & responsibilities, programmes, procedures and systems. Often for want of knowledge,

relevant and periodic training, they are not able to perform their functions properly. Although all the

District and Intermediate Panchayats are how connected with computers, only around 20% Gram

Panchayats reported using having computing facility.

Gram Sabha:- The land mark act provides for a Gram Sabha as the foundation of the panchayati raj

system. It is a body consisting of persons registered in the electoral rolls of a village comprised within

the area of Panchayat at the village level. Thus, it is a village assembly consisting of all the registered

voters in the area of a panchayat. It may exercise such powers and perform such functions at the village

level as the legislature of a state determines.

Three-Tier System: - The act provides for a three-tier system of panchayati raj in every state, that is,

panchayats at the village, intermediate, and district levels. Thus, the act brings about uniformity in the

structure of panchayati raj throughout the country. However, a state having population not exceeding

20 lakh may not constitute panchayats at the intermediate level.

Panchayati Raj Institution


Awareness about Gram Sabha Meeting

Frequency of Gram Sabha Meetings

Awareness of Ward Sabha Meeting




27% respondents reported that they are aware about Gram Sabha meeting conducted in their villages/Panchayats. However, 46% respondents said that they never heard about Gram Sabha and 27% respondents said that they are not aware of Gram Sabha meetings.

Among citizens who claimed that Gram Sabha meeting are organized in their Panchayats, only 1% respondents said that Gram Sabha meeting conducted on quarterly basis as mandated by the State Govt. rules, 6% respondents reported that meetings are conducted on half yearly basis, 14% said that meetings are conducted on yearly basis, 8% said that there is no fix time interval for Gram Sabha meetings and 71% respondents reported that they are not aware about Gram Sabha meetings.

28% respondents said that no ward Sabha meetings were being conducted, whereas only 25% respondents said that Ward Sabha meetings are being conducted. 47% respondents admitted that they are not even aware about ward Sabha provisions.

Citizen's perception about Provisions of Gram Sabha Meetings in PRIs

Frequency for Holding Gram Sabha Meetings

Provisions of Ward Sabha (Basic Unit within Panchayat)

Yes No Don’t Know

Quarterly Half Yearly No Fix Time Interval Once in Five Year Yearly Not Aware


Intervals of Ward Sabha Meeting

Participation in Ward Sabha /Gram Sabha Meeting



Around three fourth of the respondents are not aware about the frequency of Ward Sabha meetings being conducted in their villages.

Only 11% of the respondents said that they have participated in Gram Sabha/ Ward Sabha meetings, 78% respondents said that they do not participate in Gram Sabha/Ward Sabha meetings, 11% respondents said that they do not receive any information about Gram Sabha/Ward Sabha meetings.

Awareness about Time interval for Holding Ward Sabha Meetings

Yes No Don’t Receive Information

Participation in Gram Sabha/Ward Sabha meetings

Quarterly Half Yearly No Fix Time Interval Once in Five Year Yearly Not Aware


National Food Security Scheme was launched in August

2013 with objective of “food for all”. Priority households are

entitled for 5 kgs of food grains per person per month, and

Antyodaya households to 35 kgs per household per month.

The combined coverage of Priority and Antyodaya

households (called 'eligible households') shall extend to 'up

to 75% of the rural population'. Under PDS scheme for

Antyodaya households' prices will be INR 3/kg for rice, INR

2/kg for wheat and INR 1/kg for coarse cereals.

Beneficiaries of Public Distribution System

Type of Card under PDS



PDS is considered as one of the most successful schemes in rural area.

More than three fifth of the respondents reported that they are availing the services of PDS Scheme.

Only 12% respondents reported that they don't have any card under PDS Scheme and 88% respondents admitted that they have one of cards out of Red, Yellow, Green & White cards under PDS Scheme. Majority of citizens are holding Red Card, while only 18 % hold white cards and 17% hold Green card.

Yes No Don’t Have Card Not Responded

Yellow Red White Don’t Have Card

Availing the services of the Public Distribution System Scheme

PDS Card Holding Pattern

Public Distribution System


Display of List of Commodities on Notice Board of PDS Shop

Problem faced by Respondents in AvailingPublic Distribution System



17 % respondents confirmed that items are listed on board under the scheme; 71% respondents reported that the authorities/PDS Shopkeepers don't list the items and/or price under the scheme; 4 % respondents reported that they have never bothered to check if the notice board was displayed and 8% did not reported.

More than three fifth (around 69%) respondents

don't face any problems in getting their

entitlements, 8% respondents said they don't get

any entitlements under the scheme, 9 %

respondents said that they do not get items from

PDS shop regularly, 3% respondents reported that

they are asked to pay bribe and 11% cited other

problems they face in getting entitlement from

PDS shop.

Display of list of available commodities along with price on notice board of PDS shop.

Problems faced during availing the services of PDS scheme

Displayed Not Displayed

No Idea/Not taken Cognigence Not Responded


Mahatma Gandhi NREGA, a flagship employment

generation programme of the Government of India has

been instrumental in creating employment opportunities

and placing additional income in the hands of the poor and

the disadvantaged sections of society who volunteer to do

unskilled work with an entitlement of 100 days of wage

employment to each registered rural household every

financial year. MGNREGA is the first ever law,

internationally, that guarantees wage employment at an

unprecedented scale. Unique features of the Act include;

time bound employment guarantee and wage payment within 15 days; unemployment allowance will

be paid by the state government (as per the Act) in case employment is not provided within 15 days; and

emphasis on labour intensive works prohibiting the use of contractors, and machinery. The Act also

mandates 33 % per cent participation for women. The primary objective of the Act is to meet/create the

demand for wage employment in rural areas.

Eligible/Interested to work under MGNREGA Scheme

Job Card Possession under MGNREGA Scheme



69% of respondents admitted that they are eligible for work under MGNREGA Scheme. As focus of baseline survey was on marginalised section of village, majority of respondents said that they are eligible and/or interested in MGNREGA Scheme.

69% of the respondents have Job cards under M G N R E G A S c h e m e , o n l y 3 1 % o f t h e eligible/interested respondents do not have job card.

Citizen eligible/interested to work under MGNREGA Scheme

Possession job card under MGNREGA Scheme

Yes No

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)

Yes No NOT RESPONDED


Experience of MGNREGA worker about Scheme

Awareness about provision of Social Audit in MGNREGA

Possession of Job Card under MGNREGA

Awareness about the provision of Lokpal(Ombudsman) under MGNREGA Scheme





Around three fifth of respondents claimed that they never worked under MGNREGA, and hence, have no idea about schemes. Only 4% of the citizens admitted that they got work under MGNREGA, 36% respondents said that they received less work than entitled.

Social Audit is the examination and assessment of a programme/scheme conducted with the active involvement of people and comparing official records with actual ground realities. Social Audit is a powerful tool for social transformation, community participation and government accountability.

To check the awareness about the Social audit under the scheme, surveyors asked questions from citizens to gauge the level of awareness about the Social Audit and learnt that only 42% of them are aware of Social Audit under MGNREGA.

9 out of 10 (Around 93%) claimed that they don't possess their job cards, i.e. job cards are either possessed by the Contractor or by the Village Head (Mukhiya) or others. Only 7% of the respondents possess their job cards.

With the objective to establish a system for redressal of grievances and disposal of complaints related to the implementation of the MGNREGA scheme, Lokpal (Ombudsman) was introduced under Section 27 in the Act, but only 0.5% respondents are aware about the Lokpal (Ombudsman) in MGNREGA scheme.

Perception of worker/ labourer about MGNREGA Scheme

Awareness about the provision of Social Audit in MGNREGA

If enrolled under MGNREGA, Possession of Job Card of labourer under MGNREGA Scheme

Awareness about the provision of Lokpal (Ombudsman) under the MGNREGA Scheme

Got Work Not got Work

Received less work than entitlement

Yes No

Yes No

Yes No/Not Aware


The Right of Children to Free & Compulsory Education Act.

This Act makes provision of free and compulsory education

to children to 6-14 years age group. This Act also makes

provision to reserve 25 per cent seats in all schools

including private schools for the children belonging to

economically weak sections of the society.

Enrollment of Child/Ward in Govt. School

Quality of Education provided by Govt. School

Awareness about Right to Education Act/Rules




Majority of rural citizenry send their Ward/School going child to Govt. run schools in Bihar. Only 14% respondents admitted that their children/wards do not go to Govt. Schools.

It is found during the survey that majority of the kids from respondent's family enrolled in the Govt. school. Most of Parents/Family member of children going to govt. schools are satisfied with the overall performance of these schools. 83% respondents were satisfied with the quality of education of government schools running in the rural areas while only 17 % respondents were not satisfied.

Majority, around 88% of the respondents are not aware about Right to Education, only 6% respondents are aware of it & 6% respondents have only heard about it.

Ward/School going Child of respondents family is/are enrolled in Govt. School

Satisfaction level on the quality of Education provided in Govt. School

Awareness/Knowledge about provision of Right to Education Act

Yes No

Yes No

Yes No

Heard of it, but Don’t have Complete Information

Right to Education

EDUCATION


Mid Day Meal Scheme in School

Quality of Mid Day Meal/Food

Reason for Bad Quality Food




87% respondents reported that the child/ward from their family receiving the mid-day meals in govt. schools, only 13% respondent said that due to poor quality of food their child refuse to eat Mid-Day Meal.

Majority of the respondents around 87% admitted that the quality of the Food/Mid-Day Meal is good, while only 13% respondents said that the quality is not good.

Out of not satisfied, 67%, while rest of the respondents expressed that food served to the Ward/Schools going child in Govt. schools is not good, attention not paid to cleanliness, food served is not fresh or hot & taste is not up to the mark.

Any Children/Ward from respondent's family receiving the Mid-Day Meal Facilities

Quality of Mid-day Meal/Food

Reason for bad quality food being served

Yes No

Yes No

Attention is not paid towards cleanlinessMeal served Is Hot Quality of foods Is Not Good

Taste Is Not Good Others

The National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education (NPNSPE), popularity known as the Mid-Day Meal Scheme, was formally launched on August 15, 1995. The objective of the programme is to give a boost to universalization of primary education by increasing enrolment, attendance and retention, and also improving nutritional status of children in primary classes studying in Government, Local Body and Government-aided schools.

The government on September 13, 2007 decided to extend the Mid Day Meal Scheme also to the children in the upper primary stage i.e., from class VI to class VIII in the government and government aided schools. The ambitious scheme, which so far covered students till class V will now be extended to all areas across the country.

Mid-day Meal


Display of List of facilities available in Govt. School under Mid Day Meal

Awareness about School Managing Committee

Participation of family of Ward/School going Child inactivities of School Managing Committee




Only 9% respondents expressed that the facilities under the scheme is displayed, while the rest 91% respondents reported that nothing is displayed.

Majority of the respondents, around 94 % of those who send their child (from family) to Govt. schools admitted that they are not aware about the School Managing Committee, only 6% of the respondents are aware about it.

More than half (Around 56 %) of the respondents admitted that they participated in Activities /Meetings organized by School Managing Committee, while 24 % of the respondents said that no information of the activities/meetings shared with them 12% citizens said that no such meetings taken place.

Display of List of facilities available in Govt. School including menu card under Mid-Day Meal

Awareness about School Managing Committee.

Participation of family of Ward/School going child in activities of School Managing Committee

Yes No

Yes No

Yes No No Information Provided About Activities

No Activity Taken Place

Section 21 of the Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009 (RTE), mandates the formation of School Management Committees (SMCs) in all elementary government, government-aided schools and special category schools in the country. The RTE Act envisions an SMC as the basic unit of a decentralized model of governance with active involvement of parents in the school's functioning.

School Managing Committee


Anganwadi schemes is a type of rural mother and child care

centre in India. They were started by the Indian

government in 1975 as part of the Integrated Child

Development Services (ICDS) program to combat child

hunger and malnutrition. Anganwadi means “courtyard

shelter” in Indian languages.

A typical Anganwadi centre provides basic health care in

Indian villages. It is a part of the Public Health Care

System. Basic health care activities include contraceptive

counselling and supply, nutrition education and

supplementation, as well as pre-school activities. The centres may be used as depots for oral

rehydration salts, basic medicines and contraceptives.

Availabilty of Anganwadi centre in panchayat

Regular working/opening ofAnganwadi in Panchayat

Awareness About the Entitlementfrom Anganwadi Centre




Majority of respondents (Around 98%) admitted that Anganwadi centre is available in their panchayats, only 1% respondents said that Anganwadi centre is not available/not aware in their panchayat.

88% of the respondents reported that Anganwadi centre regularly opens in their Panchayat, while 11% said that centre do not open on time.

69% respondents reported that they are aware about the entitlement from Anganwadi Centre, while 31% respondents said that they are not aware of it.

Availability of Anganwadi Centre in Panchayat / Villages

Awareness About Working of Anganwadi centre

Awareness about the schemes entitled to get from Anganwadi Centre

Yes No Not Responded

Yes No

Anganwadi

Not RespondedNoYes


Fuel Used for Cooking Food

Awareness about Pradhan MantriUjjwala Yojana

Benefits under Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY)




Around 47% of the respondents are using LPG gas cylinders for cooking their food, despite the Government's proactive approach more than half of the respondents still use wood & other alternatives like dung, Coal etc. for cooking food.

57% of the respondents are aware about Pradahan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY), while 38% are not aware of the scheme & rest of the citizens have only heard about it.

Only 17% of the citizens admitted that they have received the Gas Connection under PMUY Scheme, 48% of the respondents responded that they are aware about it but they have not received the benefits of PMUY and 35% respondents did not respond to the question about PMUY as they are not eligible under scheme. This pattern is not unusual as scheme is only for selected segment of society.

Fuel Used by Citizens/Respondents for cooking of Food in Rural Area

Awareness about Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana

Gas cylinder distribution under Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY)

Yes No Heard but Don’t Know Provision

Not Responded

Gas Cylinder Received

No Gas Cylinder Received Not Responded

Dung Gas Cylinder Wood Others

Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana

Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana was launched on

May 1,2016 with the Objective to distribute free LPG

connections to the women belonging to 5 crore BPL

families across the country. LPG Connections will be

issued on the name of women beneficiaries.


Availability of Govt. Hospital/Health Centre in Village

Distance of Govt. Hospital from Village in Jharkhand



The majority of respondents, around 52%, reported that the Govt Hospital/ Health Centre is available in panchayat. Only 48% respondents reported that the Govt. Hospital/ Health Centre is not available in Panchayat/near to Panchayat.

99% respondents accepted that Govt. Health Centres are available within a distance of 5 KM from villages, while 0.5% respondents reported that Govt. Health Centres are available within 10 KM and 0.5% respondents claimed that Govt. Health Centres are available within reach of 25 KM; no respondent said that distance of hospital from village is more than 25 KM.

Govt. Hospital / Health Centre in village

Distance of Nearest Hospital / Health Centre from Villages

Yes No

0-5 K.M. 6-10 K.M.

10-25 K.M.

Health

The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was launched

on 12th April, 2005, to provide accessible, affordable and

accountable quality health services to the poorest

households in the remote rural regions with special focus

on 18 states including Bihar & Jharkhand.

Among major innovations of the NRHM are creation of a

cadre of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) and

improved hospital care, decentralization at district level to

improve intra and inter sectoral convergence and effective

utilization of resources through NGOs and community in

general.


Citizens Availing the Services of Govt. Hospital in Case of Illness

Dissatisfaction with Govt. Hospital/Health Centre

Satisfaction Level of Citizens with theServices of Govt. Hospital/Health Centre

Display of Medicines on Board at Hospital/Health Centre





86% respondents reported that they avail the services of Govt. Hospital in case of illness in their families, only 14% respondents admitted that they don't avail the services of Govt. Hospital.

More than half of the respondents, around 59%, cited various other reasons for dissatisfaction with govt. hospital; 7% respondents claimed that hospital is closed, 15% respondents admitted that doctors are not available in hospitals, 11% respondents responded that medical facility is not available in hospitals and 7% respondents reported that medicines are not available in hospital. Only 1% respondents admitted that they were asked to pay bribe.

More than three fifth, around 61%, respondents reported that they are satisfied with the services of Govt Hospital / Health Centre. Only 39% respondents reported that they are not satisfied with health service provided by Govt. .

92% of the respondents reported that list of facilities along with price and other details are not displayed at Govt. Hospitals. Only 8% respondents reported that some information is displayed on board.

Citizens availing/opting for the Services of Govt. hospital in Case of Illness

Reason for not availing the services of Govt. Hospital/ Health Centre

Satisfaction Level in Case availing the Services of Govt. Medical Centre

Display of list of available facilities/ medicines on board of Govt. Hospital / Health centre

Doctor Not Available in Hospital Hospital Closed Medicines Not Available Ask to pay more Consultation Fees Others

Medical Facility Not Available

Yes No

Yes No

Yes No


Awareness about ASHA worker in Villages

Awareness of Services Providedby ASHA Worker in Villages



Majority of respondents, around 66%, reported that they were aware of ASHA workers, 30% respondents reported that they are not aware of ASHA workers, only 4% respondents had heard but were not aware of the services of ASHA workers.

More than half of respondents around 51% claimed that ASHA worker work in their villages, 49% respondents admitted that ASHA workers are not working in their Village.

Awareness about ASHA (Certified Medical Volunteer)

Awarness About the ASHA Worker's Services

One of the key components of the National Rural Health Mission is to provide every village in the country with a trained female community health activist Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA )selected from the village itself and accountable to it, the ASHA trained to work as an interface between the community and the public health system.

ASHA must primarily be a woman resident of the village married/ widowed/ divorced, preferably in the age group of 25 to 45 years.Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) have been engages in each village in the ratio one per 1000 population.

Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA)

Yes No

Yes No Heard but Don’t Know the Provision


Awareness aboutJanani Suraksha Yojana

Matritva Vandana Yojana Scheme



76% respondents reported that they are not aware about the scheme, 6% respondents claimed that they have heard but don't know the provisions of the scheme. Only 18% respondents reported that they are aware about this scheme.

Only 14% respondents reported that they are aware about this scheme, 79% respondents reported that they are not aware about the scheme and 7% respondents heard about it but don't know about the provisions.

Awareness about Janani Surakhsha Yojna

Awareness of Pradhan Mantri Matritva Vandana Yojana



Janani Suraksha Yojana was launched on 12th April 2005 for the welfare of mothers. It aims to decrease the neo-natal and maternal deaths in the country by promoting institutional delivery of babies.

Pradhan Mantri Matritva Vandana Yojana (PMMVY), previously known as Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY), is a maternity benefit program run by the government of India. The scheme aims at boosting the health care facilities for the pregnant women, especially the poor. It also seeks to protect pregnant ladies from infectious diseases. Under the scheme, the pregnant ladies are given free health check-up and required treatment for free on 9th of every month.

Janani Suraksha Yojana

Pradhan Mantri Matritva Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)


Awareness about Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana

(Indira Awas Yojana)

Eligibility under of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana



95% respondents admitted that they are aware about Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, 3% of respondents claimed that they are not aware and 2% respondents had heard about the scheme but were not aware of the provisions.

85% respondents reported that they are eligible under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, while only 15% responded that they are not eligible for Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana scheme

Awareness about Pradhan Mantri Housing Scheme (Indra Aawas Yojna)

Eligibility under Pradhan Mantri Housing Scheme

Pradhan Mantri Aawas Yojna (PMAY)

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana was launched on June 25,

2015 with objective to achieve housing for all by the year

2022, 2 crore in Urban and 3 crore homes in Rural areas.

Under the PMAY, the government aims to provide about 5

crore affordable homes to the people belonging to EWS and

LIG categories by the year 2022. There is a target of

building 2 crore homes in urban area and 3 crore in rural

areas across the country. Under the scheme, the

government will provide financial assistance to the poor

home buyers, interest subsidy on home loan and direct

subsidy on homes bought under the scheme.


Yes No


Beneficiaries under PMAY

Problem Faced in Getting Benefits UnderPradhan Mantri Awas Yojana



Only 15% respondents admitted that they have availed benefits of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana while 15% respondents admitted that their places are being identified for construction of house under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana scheme. Majority of respondents, around 70%, claimed that they are not benefited from Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana and one of the reasons for huge number in this category can be attributed to the fact that a particular income group can avail this benefit.

Only 1% respondents admitted that they were asked for bribe while availing the benefits of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana; 3% said that they have not received final payment under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana. 96% cited other problems that they face while availing the benefits of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana like, irregular payment of instalments, favouritism and nepotism etc.

Beneficiaries pattern of PMAY Scheme

Problem Faced During Availing the Benefits of

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Scheme

Yes No Identified

Ask for Bribe Not Received Final Payment Others


Availability of Sanitation in Houses

Financial Assistance Received underSwachh Bharat Abhiyan

Problem Faced to Avail the BenefitsUnder Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Scheme




67% respondents reported that sanitation facility is available in their houses while 33% respondents said there is still no sanitation facility available within their houses.

Only 28% respondents admitted that they have received some financial assistance under Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Scheme, whereas 30% respondents claimed that they have not received any financial assistance under Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Scheme ; 42% respondents cited other reasons.

61% respondents admitted that they are facing some or the other problems in availing the benefits of the scheme while 36% respondents admitted that they are not facing any problem. Only 3% respondents said that they paid bribe while availing the benefits of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Scheme.

Availability of Sanitation Facility in Houses

Financial Assistance Under Swachh Bharat Abhiyan for Constructing Toilet

Problem faced by Citizens for availing the Benefits of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was launched on October 2, 2014

with objective to fulfil Mahatma Gandhi's dream of a clean

and hygienic India. Swachh Bharat Mission is being

implemented by the Ministry of Urban Development and

the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation in case of

Urban and rural areas respectively.

Yes No

Yes No Others

Asked for Bribe Not Received Final Payment Others


Family Members who have Bank Account

Awareness/Knowledge aboutPradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana



The majority of respondents, around 90%, reported that their family members are having at least one bank account. Only 10% of citizens reported that their family members do not have a bank account.

Despite the fact that 90% respondents who have been surveyed, admitted that they have at least one bank account but only 39% of citizens reported that they are fully aware about the scheme. 61% of citizens reported that they are not aware or have knowledge about Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Scheme.

Family members with Bank Account

Awareness/Knowledge about Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan (PMJDY) Scheme

Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)

Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) was launched

on August 28, 2014 to bring comprehensive financial

inclusion of all services of the society. Under the PMJDY,

any individual above the age of 10 years and does not have a

bank account can open a bank account without depositing

any money. The scheme was to ensure the access to

financial services such as banking/savings &deposit

Accounts, remittance, credit, debit cards, insurance and

pension in affordable manner. The scheme was mostly

targeted to the people belonging to the Below Poverty Line

(BPL) but is beneficial to everyone who does not have a bank account.

Yes No

Yes No


Bank Account opened under Pradhan Mantri Jan-DhanYojana

Satisfaction level with Bankingculture in Rural Area



65% of the citizens surveyed, reported that they did not open the bank account under Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Scheme, which means that majority respondents already had accounts. Only 35% of citizens opened the bank account under Prime Minister Jan-Dhan Scheme.

19% of participants in survey reported that they are not satisfied with the banking culture in rural areas. 81% of the respondents indicated that they are satisfied with banking culture of Banks.

Status of Account Opened under Pradhan MantriJan-Dhan Scheme

Satisfaction Level with Banking Culture in Rural Area

Yes No

Yes No


Awareness/Knowledge aboutPradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana

Loan availed under Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana

Demand for bribe for availing loanunder Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana




The majority of respondents, around 69%, reported that they are not aware or have knowledge about Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana and its benefits. Only 5% of citizens reported that they are aware about the scheme while 26% citizens reported that they have only heard about the scheme but do not have complete knowledge.

Only 3% of citizens reported that they availed the loan under Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana.

The majority of the respondents, around 55%, reported that they were asked for bribe for availing loan under Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana. Only 27% reported that there was no demand for bribe/corruption while 18% did not respond.

Awareness/Knowledge about Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana

Loan availed under Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana

Demand of bribe/kickback for availing loan under Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana

Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY)

Pradhan Mantri MUDRA (Micro Units Development and

Refinance Agency) Yojana was launched on April 8, 2015

with the purpose of funding to the non-corporate small

business sector Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) is

open and is available from all Bank having branches across

the country.

The small businesses/startups or entrepreneurs can avail

loans from INR 50 thousand to 10 Lakh to start/grow their

business under the three.

I. Shishu: Covering loans upto INR 50,000.

II. Kishor: Covering loans above INR 50,000 and upto INR 5 lakh.

III. Tarun: Covering loans above INR 5 lakh and up to INR 10 lakh.

Yes No No Adequate Information

Yes No

Yes No Not Responded


E-governance is a modern day governance system for the better communication between citizens and government. E-Governance is the application of information and communication technology (ICT) seeks to achieve Efficiency, Transparency, and Citizen's Participation for delivering services in rural development.

The Central government in association with the state governments has been adding different e-governance initiatives in the developmental scheme. Through e-governance, government services are made available to

citizens in a convenient, efficient and transparent manner. The use of Information Technology to improve the ability of government to address the needs of society. It includes the publishing of policy and programme related information to transact with citizens.

Awareness/Knowledge about the functions/services available at the Pragya Centre


Most of the respondents, around 94%, are not

aware about the services available of the Common

Centre, whereas only 6% respondents reported

that they are aware about the services available

through Common Service Centre.

Awareness/Knowledge about the functions/service available at the Pragya Centre

Only 21% respondents reported that they know/are aware about the Facilitation/Common Service Centre at Panchayat office.

Availability of Facilitation/ Common Service Centre (Pragya Centre) at Panchayat office

Availability of Facilitation/CommonService Centre (Pragya Centre)at

Panchayat Office


E-Governance


Yes No

Yes No

Level of Satisfaction with the Common Service Centre (Pragya Centre)


Only 3% respondents are satisfied with the services

of the Common Service Centre. 97% respondents

are not satisfied with the services of the centre.

Level of Satisfaction with Services of the Common Service Centre (Pragya Centre)

9% respondents reported that they availed the services of the Common Service Centre with or without knowledge about Centre. 91% respondents did not avail the services of the centre.

Services rendered at the Common Service Centre

for obtaining the various Entitlements/Certificates

Services availed at common ServiceCentre for obtaining the certificates



Public Discussion on Various Scheme Implemented by the Panchayat


78% of citizens surveyed said that the Panchayat

officials/representatives never conducted any

discussions on the quality/type of work done under

various schemes. Only 3 % respondents reported

that the Panchayat representative conducted such

discussions while 19% respondents don't know

about the discussions.

Public discussion on various schemes implemented by PRIs/work done by the Panchayat

Social Audit is a process in which details of the resources, both financial and non-financial is used by public agencies for development initiatives and is shared with the people often through public platforms. Social Audits allow people to enforce accountability and transparency and thus providing the ultimate users an opportunity to scrutinize all the development initiatives taken by the Panchayats.

Now, Social Audits are mandatory, through which the village communities are empowered to conduct social audit of all the development work in their respective villages and

the concerned authorities are duly bound to facilitate them. Social Audits are expected to contribute to the process of empowerment of the beneficiaries and generate demand of the effective delivery of programmes.

Special Gram Sabha are arranged to conduct Social Audits of all the previous works in addition to ongoing development works as an item of discussion in meetings.

Yes No Don’t Know


Around 89% respondents reported that they are

not contacted or have heard about the meetings

conducted by the Panchayat officials on

developmental issues. Only 1% respondents stated

that they take part in the discussions conducted by

the Panchayat official while 10% reported that they

don't participate in such discussions.

Citizen's participation in the discussion/meeting organized by Panchayati Raj Representatives

Citizen's participation in the discussionsorganized by the Panchayat officials


Yes No No Information

Social Audit

3%

19%

78%

10%1%

89%

Bribe Paid for Obtaining Government Services

Problem faced by the citiziens to Avail the Government

Services/Schemes/Entitlements



6% respondents reported that they were asked to pay

bribe to get the government services/schemes. 46%

respondents reported that officials called them

repeatedly to harass them, 23% said that officers were

not available and 25% respondents reported other

problems faced by them to avail the government

services.


Problems Faced By the Citizens in Availing Government Services. (More than one Reason)

Participation, transparency, legitimacy and responsiveness form the pillars of good governance. The concept of transparent governance are deepen in India through the passing of Right to Information Act, 2005 and Right to Service Act.

Tools of good governance like RTI & RTS are anti-corruption tools in the hand of common man. It has empowered to the people to question the government.

Yes No

14% respondents reported that they paid a bribe for

obtaining government services/schemes/entitlement.

86% of the respondents said that they did not pay any

bribe for obtaining government services.



Awareness about Tools of Improving Governance: RTI, RTS Etc

91% respondents were not aware about the Right to Information Act. Only 9% respondents reported that they are aware/heard about the RTI Act.

Awareness/Knowledge about the Right to Information Act (RTI).Awareness/Knowledge about the Right

to Information Act, 2005


Yes No

Citizens filed an RTI for obtaining information

Out of majority of the citizens who claimed they are

aware about RTI Act, said that they never filed an

RTI application for obtaining information.

Aware Citizens Who Filed an RTI for Obtaining Information


Yes No

100%

Citizens using the Right to Service Act for obtaining the public services

The majority of the citizens never filed application

under the Right to Service Act for obtaining the

services despite using many Govt. Services.

Citizens using the Right to Service Act for obtaining public services

98% respondents were not aware about the Right to Service Act. Only 2% respondents reported that they are aware about the RTS Act. On some questions, they admit that they applied for certificate via computer but failed to recognize RTS law/rule.

Awareness/Knowledge about Right to Service Act

Awareness/Knowledge about Rightto Service Act


Yes No



Yes No

100%

98%

2%

Applied for land record/revenue department in last 3 years

Mode of application applied for obtaining papers



Majority of the respondents never applied for any

government papers related to land in last 3 years.

Only 1% respondents applied for government

papers related to land. Out of 1 % majority claimed

that they are completely unaware about the

processes.

Only 2% citizens reported that they have applied

for obtaining the papers while 2% respondents

recorded that they applied through agent or broker

for obtaining the papers. The majority of the

citizens applied for the papers through other

modes like advocate, para legal, relatives etc.

Mode of application applied for obtaining papers

Self Agent or Broker Others

Corruption in land record/revenue is epidemic. Effective and enforceable land governance provides a necessary framework for revenue administration and an important defence against many other forms of corruption. This issue is directly linked to majority of rural farmer as country that rely on land as one of their main economic, social and cultural assets.

Applied for Government Papers Related to Land Record/Revenue Deposit for Land/

Ownership transfer etc. In last 3 years

Yes No


Revenue & Land Administration

Awareness about Antyodya Scheme


Only 9% of respondents reported that they are

aware about this scheme, confirming that its

coverage among rural population is still very

minimal. 91% respondents are not at all aware

about Antyodaya scheme.

Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) is a Government of India sponsored scheme launched on 25 December 2000 to provide highly subsidized food to millions of the poorest families. After identifying the ("poorest of the poor") in the Below Poverty Line category the government began providing them an opportunity to purchase up to 35 kilograms of rice and wheat at a highly subsidized cost of 3 rupees per kilogram of rice and two rupees per kilogram of wheat. Poor families were identified by their respective state rural development facilities through use of surveys.

Awareness about “Antyodaya” Scheme

Yes No


Antyodaya Scheme

Awareness about Electricity for All Scheme


87% of the total respondents reported that they are

aware about the scheme; 13% respondents said

that they are not aware about the scheme.

Government of India & Bihar working aggressively for cent percent rural electrification programme. The Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojana launched in July 2015, under which 78% of 18,000 villages have been electrified, it was realised that the problem of electricity 'access' wasn't resolved. A village is declared to be electrified if 10% of the households are given electricity along with public places such as schools, panchayat office, health centres, dispensaries and community centres.

Prime Minister launched the Rs16,320-crore Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana, to provide electricity connections to over 40 million families in rural and urban areas by December 2018

Awareness about the “Electricity for all” scheme

Yes No


Electricity Scheme for all

Benefeciaries under Electricity for All Scheme


80% respondents said that they received the

benefits of this scheme. 19% respondents claimed

that they didn't get the benefit of the scheme, and

1% respondents said that no electricity available

under scheme

Citizens getting the benefits of Electricity for all scheme

Yes No Don’t Fall in Beneficary Category

Awareness about Electricity Kushal Yuva Program


68% of the respondents admitted that they were

not aware about the Kushal Yuva Program run by

the state government. Only 32% respondents were

aware about the scheme.

The Bihar Skill Development Mission (BSDM) has launched a unique skill training programme by the name of "Kushal Yuva Program" under the “Arthik Hal, Yuvaon Ko Bal” which would enhance the employability Skills of all aspirants in the age group of 15-25 years who have passed at least 10th Class irrespective of their having attained higher education or their currently pursuing higher education. The course curriculum is covered in 240 hours and includes three components, specifically designed to enhance employability viz. Soft Skills for 40

hours, Communication Skills for 80 hours and Basic computer literacy for 120 hours.

Awareness about “Kushal Yuva Program”

Yes No


Kushal Yuva Program

Beneficiaries under Kushal Yuva Program


Only 5% respondents reported that they received

the benefits of the scheme; while 93% reported that

they didn't received the benefits of the scheme and

2% respondents reported that they don't fall in the

beneficiary's category.

If yes, are you or any members of your family beneficiaries of this scheme?


Awareness about Bihar Student Credit Card Scheme


Most of the respondents around 86% reported that

they are not aware about the scheme; Only 14%

respondents reported that they were aware about

the Student Credit Card Scheme.

Government of Bihar has launched the Bihar Student Credit Card Scheme (BSCCS) from 2nd October 2016. The objective of the scheme is to provide Education Loan through banks for students for Bihar enrolled into Graduate / Post Graduate courses in recognized central and state universities / institutions / colleges either in Bihar or anywhere in the country. To avail this scheme, students who have obtained admission or currently pursuing graduate / post graduate courses in any of the recognized central and state universities / institutions /

college apply with their details and other documentary evidence.

Awareness about “Bihar student Credit Card” Scheme

Yes No


Bihar Student Credit Card Schemes

Benefeciaries under Bihar Student Credit Card Sheme



the benefits of this scheme;97% respondents

admitted that they didn't got the benefit of the

scheme and 1% respondents said that they don't

fall in the beneficiaries category.

If yes, do you receive benefits under this scheme?

Yes No Don’t Fall in Category of Benefeciaries

Awareness about Chief Minister Girls Cycls Scheme


Only 37% respondents reported that they are

aware about the Chief Minister Cycle Scheme

launched by the state government; 63% of

respondents admitted that they are not aware

about the scheme.

The percentage of school girls, dropping out of the academic framework was an alarming concern for the state government of Bihar. To attract the drop out girls back to school the Mukhya Mantri Balika Cycle Yojana is considered as one of successful to a great extent.

Awareness about the “Chief Minister Girls Cycle” Schemes


Chief Minister Girls Cycle Schemes


Only 28% respondents said that they got the

benefit of the scheme;67% respondents reported

that they are not benefited from scheme and 5%

respondents don't fall in the beneficiaries category.

If yes, does any girl child in your Family receive benefits under this scheme?

Yes No Don’t Fall in Beneficiaries Category

Yes No

Benefeciaries under Chief MinisterGirls Cycls Scheme

Awareness about Chief Minister Student Appreciationl Scheme


96 % of the respondents reported that they are not

aware about the scheme being run by the state

government. Only 4% respondents reported that

they are aware about the scheme. Reason for low

awareness is obvious- scheme is only for minority

students.

The Bihar government released the Mukhyamantri Vidyarthi Protsahan Yojana scheme in 2007 as minority welfare scheme. This is available to students who pass the 10th class within the 1st division. This will be available to Muslim boys and girls alike along with other minorities.

Awareness about the “Chief Minister Student Appreciation” Scheme

Yes No


Chief Minister Student Appreciation Scheme (SAS)

Benefeciaries under Chief Minister Student Apreciation Scheme



the benefits of the scheme;98% respondents said

that they are not benefited from the scheme and 1%

responded that don't fall in beneficiaries category.

If yes, do you receive the benefits under this scheme?


Awareness about Bihar Public Greivance Redressal Act (RTH)


Bihar Public Grievance Redressal Act started on 5 June 2016 to empowering people to get their grievances redressed within a specific time frame in the state.“The Act has empowered people to get their grievances redressed. They (officers/staff) will have to listen to them and redress their grievances. Under this act complaint should be resolved within 60 days of filing. Like RTI Act there is provision of Appeal & Penalty.

Awareness about the “Right to Hearing”

Yes No


Right to Hearing


Bihar government's denovo act is one of very

popular act to seek resolution of the public

grievances. Out of aware respondents, around 49%

said that they are satisfied with the RTH. 51%

respondents said that they are not satisfied with

RTH.

If you have exercised thid right, are you Satisfied

Yes No

Satisfaction level of Respondents under Bihar Public Greivance Redressal Act (RTH)

52 % of the respondents reported that they are

aware about Bihar Public Grievance Redressal Act

? The 73rd and 74th Amendment strengthened the grass root by making it more participatory and responsible. The primary objective was to approach the social development goals through a bottom-up scheme. The general trend has been that local meetings, that of the gram sabha and ward sabha are seldom conducted. These meeting should be regularly conducted to achieve the objective.

? One of the major reasons for the limited success of the government schemes is the low awareness levels among the targeted beneficiaries. Further, if there is a certain level of awareness about the schemes being run, the beneficiary lacks understanding about their entitlements, which again hinders successful implementation. It is high time that awareness campaigns are driven to increase the beneficiaries

? Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been one of the major enablers of the implementation processes. Very low levels of digital literacy is also acting counter- productive. The government officers should be trained so that ICT can be used to fasten the delivery system.

? Tools such as Right to Information and Right to Service are not as popular as they should have been. Right to Information Act, 2005 enables the citizens of the country to acquire information that they require. This act was ushered in to set in a culture of transparency by empowering citizens to ask questions. On the similar lines, Right to Service was also introduced to increase the efficiency of service delivery in the country. Citizenry must be made aware of these tools to help them receive the benefits that they are entitled to.


Way Forward

Annexure


Annexure


Annexure


Annexure


Annexure


Transparency International India4, Lajpat Bhawan, Lajpat Nagar - IV, New Delhi -110024

Tel.: 011-4063 4797, 26460826/27 Fax: 011-2646 0824

Website: www.transparencyindia.org

E-mail: [email protected] TransparencyInternationalIndia @tiindia1

Transparency International India4, Lajpat Bhawan, Lajpat Nagar - IV, New Delhi -110024

Tel.: 011-4063 4797, 26460826/27 Fax: 011-2646 0824

Website: www.transparencyindia.org

E-mail: [email protected] TransparencyInternationalIndia @tiindia1

Date post:	10-Aug-2020
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	2 times
Download:	0 times

BASE LINE SURVEY REPORT (BIHAR)...

Documents