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Activity 12 and 13Basic Animal Cell Shapes
Animal Tissues and Organs
Tissue Location Function DescriptionEpithelial TissuesSimple Squamous Epithelium Lining the blood vessels, air
sacs of lungs, kidney tubules and the lining of body cavities
Diffusion, filtration and passage of materials where little protection is needed
The simplest of all epithelial tissues, simple epithelium consists of a single layer of thin, flat cells
Cuboidal Epithelium Kidney tubules, glands and their ducts, terminal bronchioles of lungs and surface of ovaries and retina
Secretion, absorption and movement of substances
The structure is a single layer of cube-shaped cells. Some have microscopic extensions called microvilli. Some have cilia that protrudes from their surface
Columnar Epithelium Lining of the digestive and upper part of the respiratory tracts, auditory and uterine tubes
Secretion of mucus The structure is a single layer of tall, narrow cells. Some have microvilli and cilia
Stratified Squamous Epithelium Skin, mouth and throat lining; vaginal lining; anal lining and cornea
Protection, hard outer layer being continuously removed by friction and replaced from below
The structure has several layers of cells. The lower layers are columnar and active. The upper layers are flattened at the surface
Pseudostratified Epithelium Nasal cavity and sinuses, ducts of dome glands and some ducts of the male reproductive system
Protection and secretion of mucus
The structure is a single layer of cells. It is similar to columnar epithelium but all cells are not the same height. Some reach the surface and others do not. Some have cilia, and some have microvilli
Transitional Epithelium Lining of urinary bladder and uterus
Accomodation of fluid fluctuations in an organ or tube by stretching easily
There are several layers of columnar cells beneath layers of surface cells. Cells are flattened when tissue is stretched
Connective TissuesDense Fibrous Connective Tissue
Tendons and ligaments, attachments between organs and dermis of the skin
Support ability to withstand great pulling forces in the direction in which the fibers are oriented
The structure consists of mostly collagen fibers with occasional rows of collagen-producing cells
Reticular Connective Tissue Liver, lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow
Support The structure is intertwined reticular fibers
Elastic Connective Tissue Lung tissue, arteries Strength with stretching and recoil
The structure consists of elastic fibers dotted with cells
Loose Tissue Widely distributed throughout the body; packing between glands, muscles and nerves; attachments between the skin and underlying tissue
Support, loose packing The structure consists of cells within a fine network of fibers (mostly collagen), which they produce. The cells and fibers are separated from each other by fluid-filled spaces
Hyaline Cartilage Ends of long bones, joints, respiratory tubes, costal cartilage of ribs, nasal cartilage and embryonic skeleton
Flexible support, reduction of friction between movable bones
Cartilage cells are found in lacunae within a rigid, transparent matrix. Collagen fibers are small and not visible
Elastic Cartilage Auditory tube, external ear, epiglottis
Rigidity with flexibility, returning in original shape after being stretched
The structure resembles hyaline cartilage but has elastic fibers
Fibrocartilage Connection between pubic bones, intervertebral disks
Support, connection, shock absorption and ability to withstand considerable pressure
The structure resembles hyaline cartilage but has thick bundles of collagen fibers
Bone Bones of skeleton Strength, support and protection of internal organs; storage of calcium; sttachment for muscles
Bone-making cells (osteocytes) are found on lacunae. In compact bone, the lacunae are arranged in circles around the Harvesian canals, which contain blood vessels and nerves. The structure is a hard mineralized matrix
Adipose Tissue Under the skin insulations of organs such as the heart, kidney and breast
Storage, insulation, energy, support of organs
The structure consists of lipid-filled, ring-shaped cells packed together
Blood Blood vessels, heart Protection of body from infections, transportation of oxygen, nutrients, wastes and other minerals; regulation of body temperature
The structure consists of blood cells in a fluid matrix
Muscle TissuesSmooth Muscles Walls of hollow organs, pupil of
eye, skin (attached to hair) and glands
Regulation of size of organs, forcing of fluid through tubes, control of amount of light entering eye and production of “goose-flesh” in the skin; under involuntary control
The tissue is not striated. The spindle-shaped cells have a single, centrally located nucleus
Skeletal Muscles Attachment to bone Movement of the body, under voluntary control
The tissue is striated. Cells are large, long and cylindrical with several nuclei
Cardiac Muscles Heart Pumping of blood, under involuntary control
The tissue is striated. Cells are cylindrical and branching with a single centrally located nucleus
Nervous TissuesNervous Tissues Brain, spinal cord, and
peripheral nervesSensitivity and conduction of nerve impulses
Stellate-shaped cells