basic automobile.ppt

8/9/2019 basic automobile.ppt

1/53

Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 4-Chapter 4

Prepared by

Martin RestouleAlgonquin College

AutomotiveAutomotiveSystems andSystems and

PreventativePreventative

MaintenanceMaintenance

44


2/53

Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 4-2Chapter 4

ObjectivesObjectives

! "#plain the ma$or events that haveinfl%en&ed the development of the

a%tomobile d%ring the past '( years.! "#plain the differen&e bet)een %niti*ed

and body-over-frame vehi&les.

! +es&ribe the man%fa&t%ring pro&ess%sed in a modern a%tomobile assemblyplant.

continued…


3/53

Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 4-'Chapter 4

ObjectivesObjectives

! List the basi& systems that mae %p an

a%tomobile and name their ma$or

&omponents and f%n&tions.! "#plain the importan&e of preventative

maintenan&e.

! List at least si# e#amples of servi&esin&l%ded in a preventative maintenan&e

program.


4/53


Types of Vehicle ConstructionTypes of Vehicle Construction

ody-ver-/rame

! The body and all ma$or parts are bolted to the

frame.! The frame m%st be strong eno%gh to maintain

&orre&t body and driveline alignment.

! +esign is %sed on many pi&%ps and 1s.

! +%e to )eight &on&erns 3average vehi&le)eight 2040 g, most modern &ars %se%nibody &onstr%&tion.

continued…


5/53

Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 4-(Chapter 4


continued…

! ody-ver-/rameConstr%&tion

5 6 typi&al tr%&frame )ith s%b-frame &omponents.


6/53



1niti*ed body 31nibody

! 6 %nibody has no separate frame.

! 8t is a stressed h%ll str%&t%re )here ea&h bodypart provides str%&t%ral s%pport and strength

to the entire vehi&le.

! Tends to be more tightly str%&t%red be&a%se

the ma$or parts are all )elded together.

! 8s designed to transmit impa&t energy

thro%gho%t the vehi&le.continued…


7/53



! 6 Typi&al1nibody

+esign. 5 Typi&al onepie&e bodyand frame

assembly)ith bolt-on&omponents.


8/53


Body ShapesBody Shapes

! edan 5 6 vehi&le

)ith frontand ba&seats forfo%r to si#persons

5 Can beeither t)o orfo%r door

continued…


9/53

Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 4-:Chapter 4


! Convertible

5 ffers the same seating as a sedan )ith

the ability to remove or retra&t the roof.

continued…


10/53



! ports Car

5 T)o passenger &onvertibles are typi&ally

&alled sports &ars.

5 These vehi&les

%s%ally offer

improved

horsepo)erand handling.

continued…


11/53



! Liftba& or hat&hba& 5 /eat%res a rear l%ggage &ompartment that

is an e#tension of the passenger area.

5 6n %p)ards

opening hat&h-

type door allo)s

a&&ess to thel%ggage

&ompartment.continued…


12/53



! tation )agon 5 6 station )agon has a roof that e#tends

straight ba& allo)ing for a spa&io%s interiorl%ggage&ompartment.

5 Can be a t)o or

fo%r door model)ith seating for%p to ninepassengers.

continued…


13/53



! ;i&%p

5 ffers a separate passenger &ab for %p to five

passengers 32 or 4 door and e#tended &ab. 5


14/53



! an

5 The van body design has a tall roof and an

en&losed large &argo or passenger area. 5 Can seat

from 2 to 2

passengers.

5 6vailable inmini and f%ll-

si*e models.continued…


15/53



! port %tility vehi&le 5 6n 1 &an have a range of body styles.

5These are m%ltip%rpose on and off roadvehi&les.

5 1s%ally fo%r-)heel-drive.

5 The n%mber ofpassengers )illdepend on si*eand model.

continued…


16/53



! Crossover ehi&les

5 6 ne) trend in vehi&les that are a &ross

bet)een a station )agon and an 1.

5 These are %s%ally smaller and more f%el

effi&ient than

a reg%lar 1.

5 These may bet)o, fo%r or all-

)heel- drive


17/53


Basic n!ine ComponentsBasic n!ine Components

! Cylinder blo&

5 The &ylinder blo& is a large iron or

al%min%m &asting the ho%ses or holds the

&ylinders and most of the ma$or me&hani&al

engine parts.

5 The blo& also &ontains

passage)ays for&oolant and l%bri&ant.

continued…


18/53



! Cylinder head

5 The &ylinder head mo%nts on the top of the

&ylinder blo& and forms the top to the

&ylinders.

5 The head &ontains

the &omb%stion

&hamber, valvesand ports to allo)

the entry and e#it

of the air=f%el mi#t%re.continued…


19/53

Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 4-:Chapter 4


! ;istons, rods, and&ranshaft 5 The piston re&eives

for&e from the b%rningof the air=f%el mi#t%rein the &ylinder.

5 This for&e p%shes thepiston and &onne&tingrod do)n)ard )hi&hrotates the &ranshaftgenerating enginepo)er.

continued…


20/53



! alve train 5 6 series of

&omponents %sed toopen and &lose theintae and e#ha%stvalves in&l%ding> the&amshaft, valves,

follo)ers=lifters,ro&er arms and p%shrods.

continued…


21/53



! 8ntae and e#ha%st manifolds 5 ?anifolds are d%&t)or assemblies.

5 The intae manifolddelivers the air=f%elmi#t%re to the&ylinders )hile the

e#ha%st manifold&arries e#ha%stgases from the&ylinders.


22/53


n!ine Systemsn!ine Systems

! L%bri&ation system 5 The l%bri&ation

system provides

&onstant l%bri&ationto the moving partsof the engine.

5 "ngine oil is sent

by the oil p%mpthro%gh an oil filterto the many engine&omponents.

continued…


23/53

Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 4-2'Chapter 4


! Cooling system 5 6 )ater p%mp is %sed to &ir&%late &oolant

thro%gh the system.

5 The &oolant isp%shed thro%gh)ater $a&ets in theblo& and head.

5


24/53



! /%el and air system

5 The f%el and air system s%pplies the &orre&t

amo%nt of f%el mi#ed )ith the &orre&t amo%nt

of air to the &ylinders.

5 The system also@ stores

f%el, &leans o%tside air,

delivers f%el to theengine, atomi*es f%el

and ad$%sts the f%el=air

ratios d%ring operation.continued…


25/53

Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 4-2(Chapter 4


! "mission &ontrol system 5 ystems have been developed and added to

engines to red%&e the poll%tants they emit.

5 ome of these systems are@positive &ran&ase ventilation,evaporative emission &ontrolsystem, e#ha%st gas

re&ir&%lation system 3"AB,&atalyti& &onverter and air

in$e&tion system.

continued…


26/53



! "#ha%st system

5 The e#ha%st system

is designed to &arry

to#i& e#ha%st f%mes

a)ay from the

passenger

&ompartment, to%iet the e#ha%st

p%lses and b%rn or

&ataly*e poll%tants.continued…


27/53



! 8gnition system 5 The ignition system m%st generate a spar to

ignite the air=f%el mi#t%re at the &orre&t time.

5 The &oil transforms battery voltage into aspie of '0 000 to 00 000 volts to ignite themi#t%re.

5 8gnition m%st o&&%rbefore the piston&ompletes its&ompression stroe.

continued…


28/53



! tarting and &hargingsystem 5 The p%rpose of the

starting system is to rotateor &ran the engine toallo) the ignition systemto fire and start the engine.

5 The &harging system isdesigned to re&harge andmaintain the batteryDs stateof &harge.

continued…


29/53

Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 4-2:Chapter 4


! "le&troni& &ontrol system

5 This system is

&omprised of many

ele&troni& andele&trome&hani&al

parts.

5 The system monitorsengine operation and

maes ad$%stments to

mae it r%n effi&iently.


30/53

Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 4-'0Chapter 4

"rivetrain Components"rivetrain Components

! Cl%t&h

5 1sed )ith man%al

transmissions

andtransa#les.

5 ?e&hani&ally &onne&ts

the engine fly)heel to

the transmissions inp%tshaft.

continued…


31/53



! Transmission 5 The driver man%ally sele&ts the gear in a

man%al or standard transmission.

5 6n a%tomati& transmission does not re%irea &l%t&h anda%tomati&ally shiftsfor)ard gears.

5 Transmissions allo)for several gear ratios forma#im%m engine performan&e.

continued…


32/53



! +riveline 5 Conne&ts the o%tp%t shaft of the transmission

to the rear a#le of a rear )heel drive vehi&le

and both front and rear a#les of a fo%r-)heel-drive vehi&le.

5 6 hollo) drive shaft)ith %niversal $oints

is &ommonly %sedto &onne&t thetransmission to thedrive a#le.

continued…


33/53

Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 4-''Chapter 4


! /inal +rive 6ssembly

5 Changes the dire&tion

of driveline rotation and

provides the final gearratio.

5 Contains a differential

assembly to allo) ea&hdrive )heel to rotate at

different speeds d%ring

&ornering.continued…


34/53



! +rive a#les

5 Transmit po)er to the )heels.

5 8n rear )heel drive a#les, solid a#le shafts

are %sed.

5 /ront )heel drive vehi&les %se a#les )ith

&onstant velo&ity $oints at ea&h end to allo)

the a#le todrive thro%gh

angles.

continued…


35/53

Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 4-'(Chapter 4


! Transa#le 5 Combines the

transmission and final

drive assembly in one%nit.

5 Transa#les are %sed infront )heel vehi&les and

are available in bothstandard and a%tomati&models.


36/53


#unnin! $ear Components#unnin! $ear Components

! %spension system

5 %pports the body, frame,

engine, and drivetrain.

5 The s%spension system

in&l%des springs, sho&

absorbers, ?a&;herson

str%ts, torsion bars, anti-s)ay bars and lins, radi%s

and str%t rods and lins.

continued…


37/53



! teering system 5 6llo)s the driver to &ontrol the dire&tion of

the vehi&le.

5 The steering system in&l%des the steering)heel, steering gear, steering shaft, and

linage.

5 Ba& and pinion

steering gears are&ommonly %sed inpassenger &ars.

continued…


38/53



! raes 5 6llo) the vehi&le to slo) do)n and stop.

5 rae assemblies lo&ated at ea&h )heel

%se fri&tion to slo) and stop the vehi&le. 5 T)o types of braes

are %sed dis& braesand dr%m braes.

5 ?any vehi&les %se a&ombination of bothtypes.

continued…


39/53

Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 4-':Chapter 4


! Eheels and tires 5 ;rovide vehi&le &onta&t to the road.

5 Tires are made of different types of r%bber

along )ith other materialsfor strength.

5 Tire tread designs varydepending on their

appli&ation. 5 Eheels are made of metal

and vary in si*e and design.


40/53


V%& CharactersV%& Characters

! 'irst 5 Co%ntry of origin! Second 5 ?an%fa&t%rer ! Third 5 ehi&le type or man%fa&t%ring division

! 'ourth throu!h ei!hth 5 ehi&le feat%res! &inth 5 Che& digit! Tenth 5 ?odel year ! leventh 5 ?an%fa&t%ring plant

! T(elfth throu!h seventeenth 5 ;rod%&tionse%en&e


41/53


Typical PreventativeTypical Preventative

Maintenance Chec)sMaintenance Chec)s

! "ngine oil 5 Changing the engine oil and filter is the

most re&ogni*ed

preventativemaintenan&e item.

5 8t is &riti&al that theengine oil be &hanged

on a reg%lar basis. 5 6l)ays %se the &orre&t

oil rating and vis&osity.

continued…


42/53




! Cooling system

5 Che& the &oolant level in the re&overy

tan and add &oolant if the

level is lo). 5 6 mi#t%re of antifree*e

and )ater sho%ld be added.

5 8nspe&t all &omponents forsigns of leaage and=or

damage and repla&e any

&ra&ed or s)ollen hoses.continued…


43/53

Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 4-4'Chapter 4



! +rive belts

5 Che& the &ondition and tension of all drive

belts on the engine.

5 Caref%lly inspe&t them for

&ra&s, oil &ontamination,

gla*ing, and tears and

splits. 5 Bepla&e all belts that are

damaged in any )ay.continued…


44/53




! attery 5 is%ally inspe&t the

battery for damage

and &orrosion. 5 Corrosion &an be

&leaned off )ith ami#t%re of baingsoda and )ater.

5 The battery sho%ld beremoved and &leaned)hen heavily&orroded.

continued…


45/53

Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 4-4(Chapter 4



! Transmission fl%id

5 6%tomati& transmission fl%id is a spe&ial

fl%id that is dyed red to prevent &onf%sion.

5 The fl%id level is generally &he&ed )ith

the vehi&le r%nning and in par or ne%tral.

5 ?an%al transa#les,

transmissions anddrive a#les %se

spe&ifi& l%bri&ants.

continued…


46/53




! ;o)er steering fl%id

5 The po)er steering fl%id level is &he&ed

)ith the engine off.

5 6 dipsti& is normally

part of the filler &ap.

5 The fl%id level sho%ld be

&he&ed )hen )arm. 5 1se only the

re&ommended fl%id.continued…


47/53




! rae fl%id 5 The brae fl%id level and &ondition sho%ld

be &he&ed at every oil &hange interval.

5 rae fl%id sho%ld befl%shed every t)oyears be&a%se it tendsto absorb moist%re

5 "ns%re the diaphragm%nder the &ap is notdamaged.

continued…


48/53




! Eindshield )asher fl%id 5 is%ally &he& the )indshield )asher fl%id

level and add fl%id as ne&essary.

5 +o not add straight )ateror s%mmer grade fl%id inspring or fall as these&an free*e damaging the

tan and p%mp and &logthe )asher hoses andno**les.

continued…


49/53

Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 4-4:Chapter 4



! Eiper blades 5 Eiper blades sho%ld be repla&ed )hen

they be&ome d%ll, torn or brittle.

5 /ail%re to repla&e )iper blades beforethey fail &an res%lt in

)indshield damage.

5 Ehen &hanging theblades also inspe&tthe )iper arms andsprings.

continued…


50/53

Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 4-(0Chapter 4



! Tires 5 Tires sho%ld be &he&ed for damage 3nails,

&%ts, b%lges and )eather &he&s and

)ear 36t least . mm of tread depth. 5 Tire inflation press%re

sho%ld be &he&ed)hen ref%eling.

5 /ollo) the inflationspe&ifi&ations on thedriverDs door$amb de&al.


51/53


SummarySummary

! +ramati& &hanges to the a%tomobile

have o&&%rred over the last 40 years.

! 1nibodies offer better o&&%pantprote&tion than body-on-frame designs.

! ?any systems on todayDs vehi&les are

&ontrolled by &omp%ters.


52/53

Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 4-(2Chapter 4

SummarySummary

! 6ll a%tomobile engines %sed today are

&lassified as internal &omb%stion.

! The &ooling system maintains properengine temperat%res.

! The l%bri&ations system distrib%tes

motor oil thro%gho%t the engine.


53/53

SummarySummary

! The f%el system is responsible for f%el

storage and delivery.

! The ele&tri&al system of ana%tomobile in&l%des the ignition,

starting, &harging, and lighting

systems.

Date post:	01-Jun-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	mthirunavukkarasu
View:	230 times
Download:	0 times

basic automobile.ppt

Documents