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Basic Brain Function and Basic Brain Function and InjuryInjury
By: Jonathan ElliottBy: Jonathan Elliott
The BrainThe BrainParts of the Brain and their FunctionsParts of the Brain and their Functions– LobesLobes– GlandsGlands– PartsParts
PartsParts
Gray MatterGray Matter– Area containing the neurons of the Area containing the neurons of the
brainbrain
– White MatterWhite MatterContained within the brain and spinal cordContained within the brain and spinal cord
Parts and FunctionParts and FunctionCerebrumCerebrum– Is made up of four lobesIs made up of four lobes
FrontalFrontalParietalParietalTemporalTemporalOccipitalOccipital
Each house different aspects of the brainEach house different aspects of the brain
LobesLobesFrontal Lobe- responsible for thought, Frontal Lobe- responsible for thought, emotion, speech, and skilled emotion, speech, and skilled movementsmovementsParietal Lobe- sensations such as Parietal Lobe- sensations such as touch and paintouch and painOccipital Lobe- detects and interprets Occipital Lobe- detects and interprets visual inputvisual inputTemporal Lobe- helps with sound and Temporal Lobe- helps with sound and memory storagememory storage
Brain StemBrain StemPartsParts– Medualla OblongataMedualla Oblongata– Pons Pons – MidbrainMidbrain
– The brain stem connects to your spinal The brain stem connects to your spinal cordcord
Medualla OblongataMedualla Oblongata
Forms the lower aspect of the brain Forms the lower aspect of the brain stemstem– Controls cardiovascular centerControls cardiovascular center– Breathing centerBreathing center– SensorySensory– ReflexesReflexes
Swallowing, coughing, sneezing, hiccupping, Swallowing, coughing, sneezing, hiccupping, vomitingvomiting
MO cont…MO cont…Cranial NervesCranial Nerves– Vestibulochlear (VIII)- hearing and balanceVestibulochlear (VIII)- hearing and balance– GLossopharyngeal (IX)- swallowing and tasteGLossopharyngeal (IX)- swallowing and taste– Vagus (X)-touch, pain, temperature, Vagus (X)-touch, pain, temperature,
swallowing, coughing, voice productionswallowing, coughing, voice production– Accessory Nerve (XI)- throat muscles, Accessory Nerve (XI)- throat muscles,
movement of head and shouldersmovement of head and shoulders– Hypoglossal Nerve- tongue muscles, speechHypoglossal Nerve- tongue muscles, speech
PonsPons
Rests above the MORests above the MO– Connects MO to midbrain, similar to a Connects MO to midbrain, similar to a
bridgebridge– Contains an area that helps control Contains an area that helps control
breathingbreathing
Pons Cranial NervesPons Cranial NervesTrigeminal (V)-touch, pain, Trigeminal (V)-touch, pain, temperature, chewing, forehead, temperature, chewing, forehead, nose, teethnose, teethAbducens (VI)- Eye musculature and Abducens (VI)- Eye musculature and movementmovementFacial Nerve (VII)-tongue, face Facial Nerve (VII)-tongue, face movements, expressionmovements, expressionVestibulochlear Nerve (VII)Vestibulochlear Nerve (VII)
MidbrainMidbrainConnects pons to Diencephalon (next Connects pons to Diencephalon (next topic!)topic!)Loss of neurons in this are Loss of neurons in this are associated with Parkinson Disease associated with Parkinson Disease (Michael J. Fox, Muhammad Ali)(Michael J. Fox, Muhammad Ali)
DiencephalonDiencephalonThalamusThalamusHypothalmusHypothalmusPineal GlandPineal GlandPituitary GlandPituitary Gland
ThalamusThalamusRelays sensory nerve impulses to the Relays sensory nerve impulses to the cerebral cortexcerebral cortex– It’s a relay point for imformationIt’s a relay point for imformation
HypothalamusHypothalamusControls your endocrine system Controls your endocrine system (chemical messengers) and regulates (chemical messengers) and regulates body activities including sleepbody activities including sleep
Pineal GlandPineal GlandIs connected to the nerves from the Is connected to the nerves from the eyes (optic nerve) and controls body eyes (optic nerve) and controls body rhythms such as sleep and wakingrhythms such as sleep and waking
Pituitary GlandPituitary GlandProduces various hormones and also Produces various hormones and also helps with control of the endocrine helps with control of the endocrine systemsystemFunctionsFunctions– Growth (HGH0Growth (HGH0– Blood PressureBlood Pressure– Child BirthChild Birth– Temperature regulationTemperature regulation– Energy productionEnergy production
TBI’s and ConcussionsTBI’s and ConcussionsBoth are a traumatic injury to the brainBoth are a traumatic injury to the brain
TBIs are more traumatic as they are TBIs are more traumatic as they are more associated with vehicular more associated with vehicular accidents or fallsaccidents or falls
Concussions can also occur in Concussions can also occur in vehicular accidents or falls but are vehicular accidents or falls but are becoming more evident in Sportsbecoming more evident in Sports
ConcussionsConcussionsScale Scale – MildMild– ModerateModerate– SevereSevere
Post Concussion Syndrome aka Second Post Concussion Syndrome aka Second Impact SyndromeImpact Syndrome
Ted Johnson –Linebacker NE Ted Johnson –Linebacker NE Patriots-Patriots-
Chris Nowinski- former WWE Chris Nowinski- former WWE wrestler, now Advocate for proper wrestler, now Advocate for proper
handling of Concussionshandling of Concussions
VideosVideoshttp://video.search.yahoo.com/video/play?n=21&ei=utf-http://video.search.yahoo.com/video/play?n=21&ei=utf-8&fr=sfp&tnr=20&c=2&p=Consussions&vid=f069cd6a5eb8&fr=sfp&tnr=20&c=2&p=Consussions&vid=f069cd6a5eb3881faac26cf149513bcb&dt=1327686532&l=346&turl=htt3881faac26cf149513bcb&dt=1327686532&l=346&turl=http%3A%2F%2Fts3.mm.bing.net%2Fvideosp%3A%2F%2Fts3.mm.bing.net%2Fvideos%2Fthumbnail.aspx%3Fq%3D4730460298281238%26id%2Fthumbnail.aspx%3Fq%3D4730460298281238%26id%3Db91b4b0d80c29f8531c59ef65eade1dd%26bid%3Db91b4b0d80c29f8531c59ef65eade1dd%26bid%3DyWHByehd1gmS6g%26bn%3DThumb%26url%3Dhttp%3DyWHByehd1gmS6g%26bn%3DThumb%26url%3Dhttp%253a%252f%252fwww.cnn.com%252fvideo%252f%253f%253a%252f%252fwww.cnn.com%252fvideo%252f%253f%252fvideo%252fbestoftv%252fvideo%252fbestoftv%252f2012%252f01%252f27%252fac-gupta-sports-%252f2012%252f01%252f27%252fac-gupta-sports-concussions.cnn&rurl=concussions.cnn&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Fvideo%2F%3F%2Fvideohttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Fvideo%2F%3F%2Fvideo%2Fbestoftv%2F2012%2F01%2F27%2Fac-gupta-sports-con%2Fbestoftv%2F2012%2F01%2F27%2Fac-gupta-sports-concussions.cnn&tit=Dangerous+football-related+concussionscussions.cnn&tit=Dangerous+football-related+concussions&sigr=12kcio28j&newfp=1&sigr=12kcio28j&newfp=1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFkWTGKNLT8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFkWTGKNLT8