BASIC CHEMISTRY

REVIEW

Octet Rule

The _______________________ states that each energy level AFTER the first can have up to eight

electrons

The following are isotopes of oxygen:O-17 & O-18. In the table below, fill in how many electrons and protons EACH isotope has.

Isotope # ELECTRONS # PROTONS

O-17

O-18

8

8

8

8

The following are isotopes of oxygen:O-17 & O-18. In the table below, fill in how many neutrons EACH isotope has.

Isotope # ELECTRONS # PROTONS # NEUTRONS

O-17

O-18

8

8

8

8

9

10

Energy level/electron cloud

Where are electrons located in an atom?

Active site

What is represented with B?

B B

Neutral

What is the charge of a neutron?

pH of 1

Which would be considered a “stronger” acid, a pH of 1

or a pH of 6?

pHtemperature

Name one factor than can affect enzymes.

Coefficients

In a chemical equation, ___________________ represent the number of molecules that are

present.

7

On the pH scale, what is considered NEUTRAL?

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

are called __________________.

Atomic Number

The _______________________ represents the number of

protons and electrons that an atom contains.

8

Most atoms need ___ number of electrons in their outer energy level to be

considered stable.

Mass number

The number 23 in the following, sodium-23,

represents the __________.

Ionic

A(n) ____________________ bond occurs when there is a transferring of

electrons between atoms.

Base

Any substance that forms OH- (hydroxide ions) in water would

be considered a(n)__________.

Nucleus

The center of an atom is called the

________________________.

Ions

Charged atoms because they have gained or lost electron(s)

are called _______________.

Mass Number

Isotopes are named by their ______________________

pH of 12

Which would be considered a “stronger” base, a pH of

12 or a pH of 9?

Surface TensionCreeps up thin tubes (capillary action)

Expands when freezes

List one example of how water is a unique substance

due to polarity.

Nucleus

Where are neutrons located in an atom?

1

How many C atoms are present in CH4 ?

pH

How acidic or basic a substance is referred to as that substance’s ________.

Acid

Any substance that forms H+ (hydrogen ions) in water would be considered a(n) __________.

Activation energy

The minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to

form products in a chemical reaction is called the ______

CH4 + 2O2

List the reactants:CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

pH of 2

Which of the following would contain more H+

ions, pH of 2 or pH of 4?

Lowers the activation energy so the reaction happens faster!

What affect does the enzyme have on the

chemical reaction below?Graph B

substrate

What is the reactant called that binds to the enzyme?

Positive

What is the charge of a proton?

Covalent

________________ bonds occur when atoms of elements

are sharing electrons.

Subscripts

In a chemical reaction, the number of atoms of an element

are represented by ________________.

2

When diagramming atoms, what is the maximum

number of electrons in the 1st energy level?

Enzymes

What are special proteins that act as biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions

in biological processes?

CO2 + 2H2O

List the products:CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

Enzyme

What is represented with C?

B BC C C

Law of Conservation of Matter

Chemical equations must be balanced due to the

___________________________________

Compound

A substance that contains two or more elements that are

chemically combined is called a(n) _________________________.

0-6.9

On the pH scale, where are acids located? (list the

number range)

3

How many molecules of CH4 are present in 3CH4 ?

Nucleus

Where are protons located in an atom?

yields

What does the arrow represent in a chemical

equation?

Polar

____________ refers to the unequal distribution of charge

of a molecule.

Atom

A(n) _____________ is the smallest particle of an element that has

the characteristics of that element.

element

A(n) _______________ is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler

substances by chemical means.

An atom makes up an element

Elements can’t be broken down chemically

What is the difference between an atom and an

element?

Products

What is represented with E?

Electron cloud; negative

Where are electrons located and what is the charge of an electron?

Mass Number

Protons + Neutrons = _________

8-14

On the pH scale, where are bases located? (list the

number range)

substrate

What is represented with A?

2

Suppose an atom has 6 electrons in the outermost energy level,

how many more electrons would it need to be considered stable?

Nuclear Symbol

Atomic Number

MassNumber

Number of Protons

Number ofNeutrons

Number of

Electrons

19 39

78 80

34 16

10 5

137 81

19 1920

78 78158

181616

5 55

56 56 56

K-39

Pt-158

S-34

B-10

Ba-137

Draw a diagram of a sulfur atom (atomic number = 16,

mass number = 33)

16P17 N

2e-

8e-

6e-

Active site

Name the specific location where a substrate binds on

an enzyme.

negative

What charge does an electron have?

CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

Balance the following equation:CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O