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PRESENTED BY:
AVI BHATNAGAR
DUSHYANT RAJ SINGH
AYUSH AWASTHI
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BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS
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WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
An electronic device, operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory unit, that canaccept data (input), manipulate the data according tospecified rules (process), produce information(output) from the processing, and store the results forfuture use.
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WHAT DOES A COMPUTER DO?
Input
Process
Output
Storage
Processor
Control Unit/Arithmetic Logic Unit
Memory
Storage Devices
Input
Devices
Output
Devices
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INPUT DEVICES
Any hardware component that allows youto enter data, programs, commands, anduser responses into a computer
Input Device Examples Keyboard
Mouse
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OUTPUT DEVICES
Output devices make the informationresulting from processing available for use
Output Device Examples
Printers Impact
Nonimpact
Photo
Display Devices
CRT
LCD
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STORAGE DEVICES
RemovableFloppy disk, or disketteCompact Disc CD-R, CD-RW,
CD-ROM
DVDs – DVD-ROM, DVD-R,DVD-RW, DVD-RAMZip diskFlash disk/USB drive
Non-RemovableHard disk
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SYSTEM UNIT
The motherboard, or system board, is the main circuitboard of the system unit
The processor, also called the central processing unit(CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions
that operate a computer The control unit interprets the instructions The arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) performs the logical
and arithmetic processes
Memory, also called random access memory, or RAM,consists of electronic components that store data,instructions, and information, as needed by theprocessor
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COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES
A communication device is a hardwarecomponent that enables a computer to
send (transmit) and receive data,instructions, and information to and fromone or more computers
Communications occur over transmissionmedia, such as telephone lines, cables,cellular radio networks, and satellites
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TYPES OF COMPUTERS
Supercomputersand Mainframes
MicrocomputersDesktops
Laptops (Notebooks)
Handhelds
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COMPUTER SOFTWARE
System software consists of programs to controlthe operations of computer equipment
Instructions in the operating system tell thecomputer how to perform the functions of loading,
storing, and executing an application program andhow to transfer data
When a computer is turned on, the operatingsystem is loaded into the computer’s memory from
auxiliary storage, a process called booting
Most computers use an operating system that hasa graphical user interface (GUI)
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OPERATING SYSTEM TASKS
Operations Management Load, store and execute
programsTransfer data
File ManagementFilesFolder
System MaintenanceDefragment/Check DiskVirus Check
System Monitoring
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APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Word Processing
Spreadsheet
Presentation Graphics Database
Contact Management
Utility Software – anti-virus, data backup, andfile compression
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COMPUTER HARDWARE & SOFTWARE
HardwareOperating
System
SoftwareApplications
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NETWORKS
A network is a collection of computersand devices connected together so
users can share data and resources
A local area network (LAN) connectscomputers in a limited geographic area
A wide area network (WAN) covers alarge geographical area
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NETWORKS AND THE INTERNET
The world’s largest
network is theInternet
Most users connectto the Internet inone of two ways:
Internet serviceprovider
Online service
provider
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THE WORLD WIDE WEB
One of the more popular segments of the Internet is
the World Wide Web, also called the Web. A Web page is a document that contains text,
graphics, sound, and/or video and has built-inconnections, or hyperlinks to other Web documents
A Web site is a related collection of Web pages
You access and view Web pages using a softwareprogram called a Web browser
A Web page has a unique address, called a UniformResource Locator (URL)
A hyperlink is a virtual connection to another place onthe Web
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MORE INTERNET TERMS
Cookies –
a text file created by a Webserver and your Web browser, that sits onyour hard drive
Search engine – a Web site containing adatabase of web pages and their content
Electronic commerce – conductingbusiness online, such as shopping or
investing. Portal -- a launching point for browsing
online; one of the most well-known isYahoo!, where you can search the Web,
shop, chat, check e-mail, build a Web site,
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WEB BROWSERS
Internet Explorer – built into Windows
Netscape – the oldest browser; an all-round communications package for theInternet; free at http://www.netscape.com
Opera – free version available athttp://www.opera.com
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COMMON APPLICATIONS
E-mail--Send messages to other connected users Shop for goods and services
Meet and converse with people around the world
Instant Messaging, such as ICQ, Windows (MSN)
Messenger, and AOL Instant MessengerWeb browser plug-ins, such as Macromedia Flash
and Shockwave Access sources of entertainment and leisure, such as online
games, magazines, and vacation planning guides Access information such as news, maps, airline schedules,
and stock market data
Also used for electronic commerce.