Basic Description of Basic Description of Wireless ISP SystemWireless ISP System

MikroTik Wireless Internet Service MikroTik Wireless Internet Service Provider SystemsProvider Systems

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What is WISP ?What is WISP ?

It is fixed wireless serviceIt is fixed wireless service between the between the central node and the clientcentral node and the client direct line of sight requireddirect line of sight required low power radios and high gain antennas are low power radios and high gain antennas are

usedused

It IS NOT a mobile service.It IS NOT a mobile service.

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RF InformationRF Information

Broadband TechnologyBroadband Technology Spread Spectrum TechnologySpread Spectrum Technology

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)

Frequencies for Unlicensed SSFrequencies for Unlicensed SS 2400-2483MHz ISM band, or2400-2483MHz ISM band, or 5725-5875MHz ISM band5725-5875MHz ISM band

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DS versus FHDS versus FH

Direct SequenceDirect Sequence (+) Faster (up to 11 Mbps) and Greater Range(+) Faster (up to 11 Mbps) and Greater Range (+) recently standardization has made this the (+) recently standardization has made this the

lowest cost radiolowest cost radio

Frequency Hopping Frequency Hopping (-) higher cost per radio(-) higher cost per radio (-) Slower (max 3 Mbps) and Limited Range(-) Slower (max 3 Mbps) and Limited Range

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2.4GHz Spread Spectrum2.4GHz Spread Spectrum

ChannelsChannels 1 to 13 depending on the set1 to 13 depending on the set three non-overlapping onesthree non-overlapping ones

InterferenceInterference

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Antenna TypesAntenna Types

DirectionalDirectional ParabolicParabolic Yagi or Loop YagiYagi or Loop Yagi

SectorSectoriialal HornsHorns

OmnidirectionalOmnidirectional

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Antenna PolarityAntenna Polarity

Omnidirectional and SectorOmnidirectional and Sectoriial Antennasal Antennas Vertical E-PlaneVertical E-Plane

Directional AntennasDirectional Antennas Vertical or Horizontal E-Plane depending on Vertical or Horizontal E-Plane depending on

the mounting of antennathe mounting of antenna

For communicating radios the antennas For communicating radios the antennas should match the polarityshould match the polarity

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Mounting of AntennasMounting of Antennas

PolarityPolarity Vertical and Horizontal AlignmentVertical and Horizontal Alignment SafetySafety Lightning StrikesLightning Strikes

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Cabling RequirementsCabling Requirements

High Quality CablesHigh Quality Cables Low Loss - LMR-400 / Belden 99xxLow Loss - LMR-400 / Belden 99xx Super Low Loss - LMR-600Super Low Loss - LMR-600

Cable Length - as short as possibleCable Length - as short as possible Recommended 3-5m for omni antennasRecommended 3-5m for omni antennas ~10m for directional antennas, depending on ~10m for directional antennas, depending on

the distances, antenna gains, and radio powerthe distances, antenna gains, and radio power

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Cable ConnectorsCable Connectors

StandardStandard N Connectors (male or female) for antennasN Connectors (male or female) for antennas

ProprietaryProprietary RP-TNC Connectors for Aironet RadioRP-TNC Connectors for Aironet Radio

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Using Antenna CalculatorUsing Antenna Calculator

Distances to be coveredDistances to be covered Cabling LengthCabling Length Antenna GainsAntenna Gains RadioRadio

PowerPower Receive SensitivityReceive Sensitivity

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WISP TopologiesWISP Topologies

Point to point linksPoint to point links (+) longer distances (max 30-40km)(+) longer distances (max 30-40km) (-) higher cost/client(-) higher cost/client

Point to multipoint linksPoint to multipoint links (+) serving multiple clients at lower cost/client(+) serving multiple clients at lower cost/client (+) larger area of coverage(+) larger area of coverage (-) lower range (max 5-12km)(-) lower range (max 5-12km)

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What can be connected?What can be connected?

Internet ConnectivityInternet Connectivity Client’s LAN to the ISPClient’s LAN to the ISP

Client LAN uses a Wireless Gateway Router which Client LAN uses a Wireless Gateway Router which connects to the Base Station of the ISPconnects to the Base Station of the ISP

Client's Computer to the ISPClient's Computer to the ISP Client’s Computer with a Wireless NIC connects to Client’s Computer with a Wireless NIC connects to

the Base Station of the ISPthe Base Station of the ISP

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What can be connected?What can be connected?

Intranet ConnectivityIntranet Connectivity Client’s LAN1 to Client’s LAN2Client’s LAN1 to Client’s LAN2

Client’s LAN at a remote location uses a Wireless Client’s LAN at a remote location uses a Wireless Router which connects to the Wireless Router at Router which connects to the Wireless Router at the main officethe main office

Client's Computer to the Client’s LANClient's Computer to the Client’s LAN Client’s Computer at a remote location connects to Client’s Computer at a remote location connects to

the Wireless Router at the main officethe Wireless Router at the main office

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Wireless Setup DiagramsWireless Setup Diagrams

Used conventionsUsed conventions

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Base SetupBase Setup

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Repeater SetupRepeater Setup

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Advanced Repeater SetupAdvanced Repeater Setup

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Base Setup with BackboneBase Setup with Backbone

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Point-to-Point SetupPoint-to-Point Setup

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IP QuestionnaireIP Questionnaire

Type of cable usedType of cable used 10 Base 2, 10 Base T, 10/100 Mbps?10 Base 2, 10 Base T, 10/100 Mbps?

If fiber optic - get a transceiver to 10BaseT…If fiber optic - get a transceiver to 10BaseT…

What IP addresses are usedWhat IP addresses are used what network, network mask? Get one address what network, network mask? Get one address

for the router as the gateway for the LAN.for the router as the gateway for the LAN. No addresses used yet.No addresses used yet.

Assign a private network, e.g., 192.168….Assign a private network, e.g., 192.168…. Use addresses given by the ISPUse addresses given by the ISP

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RF Network ConfigurationRF Network Configuration

System IdentificatorSystem Identificator Should be uniqueShould be unique

Channel / FrequencyChannel / Frequency Should have minimal interference with other Should have minimal interference with other

systemssystems

Data RatesData Rates

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Base Unit ConfigurationBase Unit Configuration

Connect the AntennaConnect the Antenna Connect the Ethernet CableConnect the Ethernet Cable Connect the RS-232 Console CableConnect the RS-232 Console Cable

Use Terminal Emulation Program on your Use Terminal Emulation Program on your Laptop or Desktop PCLaptop or Desktop PC

Connect the Power SupplyConnect the Power Supply Power the unit onPower the unit on

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Basic ConfigurationBasic Configuration

Configure RF ParametersConfigure RF Parameters System IdentifierSystem Identifier FrequencyFrequency Data Rates Data Rates

Configure the Identification ParametersConfigure the Identification Parameters NameName IP Address / Mask / Default GatewayIP Address / Mask / Default Gateway

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Things to RememberThings to Remember

Association RestrictionAssociation Restriction Maintain a list of controlled nodesMaintain a list of controlled nodes Turn Autoregistration offTurn Autoregistration off

Passwords for the UnitPasswords for the Unit Write - View and Change the Configuration, Write - View and Change the Configuration,

perform Diagnosticsperform Diagnostics Read - View ConfigurationRead - View Configuration

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IP Network ConfigurationIP Network Configuration

Global AddressesGlobal Addresses use routing configurationuse routing configuration

Local Addresses, no serverLocal Addresses, no server use masqueradinguse masquerading

Local Addresses, local serverLocal Addresses, local server use masquerading and NATuse masquerading and NAT

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System DiagnosticsSystem Diagnostics

Check the RF CommunicationCheck the RF Communication Registration/AssociationRegistration/Association Signal Strength and QualitySignal Strength and Quality Link SpeedLink Speed

Check the IP ConfigurationCheck the IP Configuration Network Address/MaskNetwork Address/Mask Routing, Default GatewayRouting, Default Gateway Ping, TraceroutePing, Traceroute