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a s i c F i r s t A i da s i c F ir s t A i d
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S e c u r i n g t h e s c e n e
e c u r i n g t h e s c e n e
1. Electrical hazards
2. Chemical hazards
3. Noxious & Toxic gases
4. Ground hazards
5. ire
!. "nsta#le e$ui%ment
efore performing any Firstefore performing any First
Aid,
id,
Check for:
heck for:
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Chain of Survival
Earl&
'ccess()11(
Earl& C*+
or irst 'id
,ou
Earl&
-ei#rillation
E/0 onscene
Earl&
'danced
Care2os%ital
n order or a %erson to surie
Pay attention to:
HISTORY; what happened; from the casualty or bystanders
SYMPTOMS; what only the casualty can tell you
SIGNS; what you can see for yourself
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"ni1ersal *recautions .or 'ir#orne& 5lood#orn *athogens
6 & e%atitis
Tu#erculosis
Gloves & Respiratory
Barrier devise are a must toprevent transmission of
diseases
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DURING TRET!ENT DURING TRET!ENT
•avoid coughing, bra!hing, or "#a$ing ovr !havoid coughing, bra!hing, or "#a$ing ovr !h
%ound%ound
•avoid con!ac! %i!h bod& '(uid"avoid con!ac! %i!h bod& '(uid"
•u" a 'ac "hi(d or )a"$ %i!h on*%a&*va(vu" a 'ac "hi(d or )a"$ %i!h on*%a&*va(v
%hn doing ac!iv r"u"ci!a!ion%hn doing ac!iv r"u"ci!a!ion
•u" on(& c(an bandag" and dr""ing"u" on(& c(an bandag" and dr""ing"
•avoid !ra!ing )or !han on ca"ua(!& %i!hou!avoid !ra!ing )or !han on ca"ua(!& %i!hou!%a"hing hand" and changing g(ov"%a"hing hand" and changing g(ov"
"TER TRET!ENT "TER TRET!ENT
•c(an u# bo!h ca"ua(!& and &our"('c(an u# bo!h ca"ua(!& and &our"('
•c(an u# !h i))dia! vicini!&c(an u# !h i))dia! vicini!&
•di"#o" o' dr""ing", bandag", g(ov" anddi"#o" o' dr""ing", bandag", g(ov" and
"oi(d c(o!hing corrc!(&"oi(d c(o!hing corrc!(&
•%a"h hand" %i!h "oa# and %a!r %a"h hand" %i!h "oa# and %a!r
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+
F u n d a m e n t a ls o f F ir s t A i d
u n d a m e n t a ls o f Fi rs t A id
'ctiate E/0 0stem
ctiate E/0 0stem
7)11(
1. 'C
8air9a:#reathing:circulation;
2. Control #leeding
3. Treat or 0hoc<
8medical emergencies;
4. =%en 9ounds & urns
5. ractures & -islocations
!. Trans%ortation
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A C s
C s
Causes o +es%irator>Cardiac 'rrest
Electrical
-ro9ning
Toxic :
Noxious
gases
0uocation
2eart 'ttac< Trauma
-rugs 'llergic reactions
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-
R e a c t io n ! i m e
e a c t io n ! i m e
3 C*+>'rtiicial res%iration is administered
Chance o #rain damage
0 to 4 minutes -
4 to 6 minutes -
6 to 10 minutes-
10 minutes + -
+ecoer rate o
ecoer rate o
ictim i has
ictim i has
artiicial
rtiicial
res%iration donees%iration done
immediatel
mmediatel
O.&gna!d
b(ood '(o%
)u"! g! !o
brain
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A " " C s
" "Cs
"se chin lit>head tilt
?oo<.:listen:eel or #reathing
'ttem%t to 6entilate6entilate 1er& 5 seconds
Esta#lish res%onsieness
Chec< %ulse +ecoer& %osition
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C a r d i o # u l m o n a r y R e s u s c i ta t io n
a r d i o # u l m o n a r y R e s u s c i t a ti o n
0hould #e trained to %erorm this
%rocedure
done im%ro%erl@ could harm ictim
Courses aaila#le eer9here
Ne9 in ?ate 2AA!
B 3A Com%ressions to 2 reaths
B
or Eerone
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'ir9a& =#structions
ir9a& =#structions
open
closed
o$structed
Tongu
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% e i m l ic h a n e u v e r
e i m l ic h a n e u v e r
for
o r
C o n s c i o u s A i r ' a y ( $ s t r u c t io no n s c i o u s A i r ' a y ( $ s t r u c t io n
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! y p e s o f l e e d in g
y p e s o f l e e d i n g
6eins
Ca%illar&
Spurting
Steady flo'
(o)ing
'rter&
3nternal 3nDuries
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! y p e s o f * o u n d s
y p e s o f * o u n d s
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C o n t ro l o f l e e d i n g
o n t r o l o f l e e d i n g
-irect *ressure
Eleation
Cold '%%lications
*ressure #andage
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# r e s s u r e # o i n ts
r e s s u r e # o i n t s
here the arter
%asses oer a #one
close to the s<in
Tem%oral
acial
Carotid
0u#:claian
5rachial
+adial
"lnar
emoral
*o%liteal
*edal
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! o u r n i + u e t
o u r n i + u e t
'#solute last resort in
controlling #leeding
+emem#er : ?i.e or l im#
(nce a tourni+uet is
applied, it is not to $e
removed , only $y a
doctor
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S h o c k
h o c k
Shock affects all maor
functions of the $ody
loss of $lood flo' to the
tissues and organs
Shock must $e treated
in all accident cases
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! r e a tm e n t f o r S h o c k
r e a tm e n t f o r S h o c k
•i vic!i) do%n i' #o""ib(i vic!i) do%n i' #o""ib(
•ac i" #a(*rai" !h !ai(ac i" #a(*rai" !h !ai(
•ac i" rd*rai" !h hadac i" rd*rai" !h had
•oo"n !igh! c(o!hingoo"n !igh! c(o!hing
•# vic!i) %ar) and dr&# vic!i) %ar) and dr&
•o no! giv an&!hing b& )ou!ho no! giv an&!hing b& )ou!h
•No "!i)u(an!"No "!i)u(an!"
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There are three types of
heat emergencies youmay be required to treat.
1.Heat Exhaustion
2.Heat Stroke3.Heat Cramps
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Heat exhaustion is essdangerous than heat stroke.
!t is caused by "uid oss
#hich in turn causes bood"o# to decrease in $ita
organs% resuting in a form
of shock.
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Signs and
Symptoms Coo% &ae% and 'oist Skin
Hea$y S#eating(iated &upisHeadache
)ausea*omiting
+ody temperature #i be near
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,et the $ictim out of the heat and into
a coo pace.&ace in the shock position% ying on
the back #ith feet raised.
-emo$e or oosen cothing.Coo by fanning or appying cod packsor #et to#es or sheets. !f conscious%
gi$e #ater to drink e$ery 1 minutes.
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WHILE HEATEXHAUSTION IS NOT A
LIFE- THREATENINGEMERGENCY LIKE HEAT
STROKE, IT CANPROGRESS TO HEAT
STROKE IF LEFT
Heat cramps are muscuar
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Heat cramps are muscuarpain and spasms due to hea$y
exertion. They usuay in$o$ethe abdomina musces or egs.!t is generay thought this
condition is caused by oss of#ater and sat through
s#eating.
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,et $ictim to a coo pace.!f they can toerate it% gi$e one/
haf gass of #ater e$ery 1
minutes.Heat cramps can usuay bea$oided by increasing "uid
intake #hen acti$e in hot
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Heat Stroke is the most serious type
of heat emergency.
It is I*THR6TNING andrequires
IMMI6T and
6GGRSSI7 treatment
Heat stroke occurs !hen the "ody#s heat
regu$ating mechanism fai$s. %he "odytemperature rises so high that "rain damage
--and death-- may resu$t un$ess the "ody is
coo$ed quick$y.
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Signs and
Symptoms The $ictim0s skin is HOT% RED and usuay DRY .
&upis are $ery sma. The body temperature is
*E- H!,H&sometimes as high as 1degrees.
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-emember% Heat Stroke is aife/threatening emergency
and requires prompt action
Summon professiona hep.
,et the $ictim into a coopace.
(o not gi$e $ictim anything by mouth.
Treat for shock.
78!C95 6S &4SS!+5E !)
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78!C95 6S &4SS!+5E !)6) '6))E- &4SS!+5E
Place the ct" #t$ a%atht&% $' c$$l (ate), ()a*
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- i a $ e t ic e m e r g e n c i e s
i a $ e ti c e m e r g e n c i e s
.nsulin Shock /%ypoglycemia0
R"u(! o' in"u''icin! "ugar* a"! on"!
•8o(d c(a))& "$in, #a(, ra#id r"#ira!ion9" and #u(",
incohrn!
•Tra! b& giving "ugar ba"" #roduc!"
-ia$etic coma /1etoacidosis0
Too )uch "ugar or in"u''icin! in"u(in* S(o% on"!
•:ar), dr& "$in, "(o% r"#ira!ion", ")(( o' ro!!n
'rui! on bra!h
•Tru )dica( )rgnc&, ac!iva! MS "&"!)
i))dia!(&
"ind out if #ictim has past diabetic history "ind out if #ictim has past diabetic history
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S n a k e & S p i d e r $ ite s
n a k e & S p i d e r $ it e s
+attlesna<e Co%%erhead 5lac< ido9 5ro9n +ecluse
?imit actiit&Constricting #andage a#oe
Cold a%%lication
'danced medical attention
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+ro#n+ro#n
-ecuse-ecuse
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a& 3
a& 4
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3+
a& 5
a& +
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3
a& /
a& 10
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3-
u r n s
u r n s
Cool a%%lication-onFt #rea<
#listers
-r& sterile dressing@ treat or
shoc<'()I* %'(S),'%
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$e#ere %urns and $calds
Tra!)n!
•8oo( !h burn ara %i!h %a!r 'or 10 !o 20 )inu!"<
•
a& !h ca"ua(!& do%n and )a$ hi) a" co)'or!ab( a" #o""ib(,#ro!c!ing burn ara 'ro) ground con!ac!<
•Gn!(& r)ov an& ring", %a!ch", b(!" or con"!ric!ing c(o!hing
'ro) !h in=urd ara b'or i! bgin" !o "%((<
•8ovr !h in=urd ara (oo"(& %i!h "!ri( un)dica!d dr""ing or
"i)i(ar non '(u''& )a!ria( and bandag<
•on9! r)ov an&!hing !ha! i" "!ic$ing !o !h burn<
•on9! a##(& (o!ion", oin!)n!", bu!!r or 'a! !o !h in=ur&<
•on9! bra$ b(i"!r" or o!hr%i" in!r'r %i!h !h in=urd ara<
•on9! ovr*coo( !h #a!in! and cau" "hivring<
•I' bra!hing and har!ba! "!o#, bgin r"u"ci!a!ion i))dia!(&,
•I' ca"ua(!& i" uncon"ciou" bu! bra!hing nor)a((&, #(ac in !h
rcovr& #o"i!ion<
•Tra! 'or "hoc$<
•Snd 'or )dica( a!!n!ion and #r# 'or !ran"#or!<
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!inor %urns and $calds Tra!)n!
•P(ac !h in=urd #ar! undr "(o%(& running %a!r,
or "oa$ in co(d %a!r 'or 10 )inu!" or a" (ong a"
#ain #r"i"!"<
•Gn!(& r)ov an& ring", %a!ch", b(!", and
"ho" 'ro) !h in=urd ara b'or i! "!ar!" !o"%((<
•r"" %i!h c(an, "!ri(, non '(u''& )a!ria(<
•on9! u" adh"iv dr""ing"<
•
on9! a##(& (o!ion", oin!)n!" or 'a! !o burn>"ca(d<
•on9! bra$ b(i"!r" or o!hr%i" in!r'r<
•I' in doub!, "$ )dica( aid<
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&hemical %urns&hemical %urns
Tra!)n!
•(ood !h ara %i!h "(o%(& running %a!r 'or(ood !h ara %i!h "(o%(& running %a!r 'or
a! (a"! !n )inu!"< ?or #ro#r nu!ra(i@inga! (a"! !n )inu!"< ?or #ro#r nu!ra(i@ing
agn!Aagn!A•Gn!(& r)ov con!a)ina!d c(o!hing %hi(Gn!(& r)ov con!a)ina!d c(o!hing %hi(
'(ooding in=urd ara, !a$ing car no! !o'(ooding in=urd ara, !a$ing car no! !o
con!a)ina! &our"('<con!a)ina! &our"('<
•8on!inu !ra!)n! 'or S7R BCRNS8on!inu !ra!)n! 'or S7R BCRNS•R)ov !o ho"#i!a(<R)ov !o ho"#i!a(<
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F r a c t u r e s & - i s l o c a t io n s
r a c t u r e s & - i s l o c a t i o n s
/ust treat or #leeding
irst
-o not
%ush #ones
#ac< into
%lace
-onFt straighten #rea<
Treat the 9a ou ound
it
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I 6 ISO86TION IS SCSP8T<<<I 6 ISO86TION IS SCSP8T<<<
1< 6##(& a "#(in! !o !h =oin! !o $# i! 'ro) )oving<1< 6##(& a "#(in! !o !h =oin! !o $# i! 'ro) )oving<2< Tr& !o $# =oin! (va!d !o "(o% b(ood'(o% !o !h ara2< Tr& !o $# =oin! (va!d !o "(o% b(ood'(o% !o !h ara
3< 6 doc!or "hou(d b con!ac!d !o hav !h bon "! bac$3< 6 doc!or "hou(d b con!ac!d !o hav !h bon "! bac$
in!o i!" "oc$!<in!o i!" "oc$!<
Th )o"! co))on di"(oca!ion" occur in !h "hou(dr, (bo%,Th )o"! co))on di"(oca!ion" occur in !h "hou(dr, (bo%,
'ingr, or !hu)b<'ingr, or !hu)b<
- i s l o c a t i o n s
i s l o c a t i o n s
OO OR THS SIGNSOO OR THS SIGNS
1< "%((ing1< "%((ing
2< d'or)d (oo$2< d'or)d (oo$
3< #ain and !ndrn""3< #ain and !ndrn""
4< #o""ib( di"co(ora!ion o' !h a''c!d ara4< #o""ib( di"co(ora!ion o' !h a''c!d ara
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S p l i n t s
p l i n t s
/ust #e a straight line
#rea<
Can #e ormed to sha%e
o deormit
e careul o tem%erature
change
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PROPR 86RPROPR 86R
1< :hi( %ai!ing on h(# !o arriv, $# !h vic!i) (&ing do%n in !h rcovr&1< :hi( %ai!ing on h(# !o arriv, $# !h vic!i) (&ing do%n in !h rcovr&
#o"i!ion#o"i!ion2< 8on!ro( an& b(ding, and b "ur !ha! h i" bra!hing #ro#r(&<2< 8on!ro( an& b(ding, and b "ur !ha! h i" bra!hing #ro#r(&<
3< o no! giv !h vic!i) an& (iDuid" !o drin$<3< o no! giv !h vic!i) an& (iDuid" !o drin$<
4< I' !h vic!i) bco)" uncon"ciou" 'or an& a)oun! o' !i), $# !rac$ o'4< I' !h vic!i) bco)" uncon"ciou" 'or an& a)oun! o' !i), $# !rac$ o'
!hi" in'or)a!ion "o !ha! &ou can r#or! i! %hn )dica( h(# arriv"<!hi" in'or)a!ion "o !ha! &ou can r#or! i! %hn )dica( h(# arriv"<
% e a d
e a d
. n , u r i e s
n , u r i e s
6 "har# b(o% !o !h had cou(d r"u(! in a concu""ion, a =o"!(ing o' !h6 "har# b(o% !o !h had cou(d r"u(! in a concu""ion, a =o"!(ing o' !h
brain in"id i!" #ro!c!iv, bon& covring< 6 )or "riou" had in=ur&brain in"id i!" #ro!c!iv, bon& covring< 6 )or "riou" had in=ur&
)a& r"u(! in con!u"ion", or brui"" !o !h brain<)a& r"u(! in con!u"ion", or brui"" !o !h brain<
OTHR SYMPTOMS TO OO OR I YOC SCSP8T 6 7I8TIM M6Y H67OTHR SYMPTOMS TO OO OR I YOC SCSP8T 6 7I8TIM M6Y H67
6 BR6IN INECRY6 BR6IN INECRY
1< c(ar or rddi"h '(uid draining 'ro) !h ar", no", or )ou!h1< c(ar or rddi"h '(uid draining 'ro) !h ar", no", or )ou!h
2< di''icu(!& in "#a$ing2< di''icu(!& in "#a$ing
3< hadach3< hadach
4< unDua( "i@ o' #u#i("4< unDua( "i@ o' #u#i("
5< #a( "$in5< #a( "$in
+< #ara(&"i" o' an ar) or (g ?o##o"i! "id o' !h in=ur&A or 'ac ?"a) "id+< #ara(&"i" o' an ar) or (g ?o##o"i! "id o' !h in=ur&A or 'ac ?"a) "id
o' !h in=ur&Ao' !h in=ur&A
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4+
2 e c k & S p i n a l . n ,u r i e s
e c k & S p i n a l .n , u r i e s
(' (* %'(%/%(' (* %'(%/%
• ( (
•etreme care in initia$etreme care in initia$
eamination 2 minima$eamination 2 minima$
mo3ementmo3ement
•
urgent am"u$ance transporturgent am"u$ance transport•app$y cer3ica$ co$$arapp$y cer3ica$ co$$ar
•treat for shocktreat for shock
•treat any other inuriestreat any other inuries
•
maintain "ody heatmaintain "ody heat•if mo3ement required& #$og ro$$#if mo3ement required& #$og ro$$#
and use assistantsand use assistants
•a$!ays maintain casua$ty#s heada$!ays maintain casua$ty#s head
in $ine !ith the shou$dersin $ine !ith the shou$ders
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!hese are symptoms of 'hat3
• Cnco)'or!ab( #r""ur ,
"Du@ing, 'u((n"" or du(( #ain in
!h ch"! or u##r abdo)n
• Shor!n"" o' bra!h
• Pain in "hou(dr", ar)", nc$ or
=a%"
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4/
!hese are possi$le symptoms of 'hat3
• Pain
• S%((ing
• Brui"ing
• i"!or!ion o' (i)b
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50
*hat type of $urn is this3
1st *egree
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51
*hat should you never do for a
any degree $urn3Gun$ i! u#<
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52
!he first 'ay to control $leeding
is:irc! #r""ur<
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53
.f you find an unconscious victim, you
should first :
• 6< Tr& 2 r"cu bra!h"
• B< O#n !h air%a&
• 8< 8a(( /11
• < Tra! )a=or b(ding
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54
.f a choking victim $ecomes
unconscious, you should:
• 6< Ba! !h) on !h bac$
• B< 8hc$ !h )ou!h 'or
ob"!ruc!ion"
•8< Tr& 2 r"cu bra!h"
• < C" abdo)ina( !hru"!"
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55
.f you get something stuck in your eye,
you should:
• 6< C" a !i""u or gau@ !o #u(( i!
ou!<
• B< (u"h i! %i!h %a!r
•8< 8ovr !h &" and g! !o adoc!or
• < Rub i!, and b(in$ r#a!d(&
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5+
Rescue $reathing should not $e done:
• 6< On "u#rvi"or"
• B< I' !h #r"on ha" a #u("
• 8< On dro%ning vic!i)"
• < I' !h #r"on i" bra!hing
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5
Fall victims should $e treated:
• 6< Th "a) a" burn vic!i)"
• B< Th "a) a" cho$ing vic!i)"
• 8< 6" i' !h& had a bro$n nc$ or
"#in• < 6" "oon a" !h& %a$ u#
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5-
*hat type of $urn is this3
2nd gr
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+0
!he $est place to check for a pulse is:
• 6< Th bac$
• B< Th nc$
• 8< Th 'oo!
• < In"id !h ('! ar)#i!
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+1
!he $iggest killer of $urn victims is:
• 6< Shoc$
• B< In'c!ion
• 8< 8on!a)ina!ion o' b(ood
• < ir"! aidr"
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+2
*hen calling 566, you should tell them:
• 6< Your (oca!ion
• B< Th nu)br o' vic!i)"
• 8< Th !&# o' in=ur&, i' $no%n
• < 6(( o' !h abov
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+3
%eart attack victims usually:
• 6< R'u" !o b(iv !h& ar having on
• B< i$ !o =og a bi!
• 8< Hav bac$ #ain
• < Sho% a(( !h "&)#!o)"
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+4
For second degree $urns you should:
• 6< Ma$ "ur &ou #o# a(( b(i"!r" a" !h&
a##ar
• B< :ra# in dr&, "!ri( dr""ing
• 8< 8oa! %i!h burn cra)
• < Non o' !h abov
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+5
For sprains, you should:
• 6< 6##(& #r""ur bandag"
• B< Soa$ in ho! %a!r
• 8< 6##(& co(d #ac$"
• < Giv !%o r"cu bra!h"
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++
*hat kind of $urns are these3
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+
.f $itten $y a snake, you should:
• 6< C" a "na$bi! $i! !o o#n !h
%ound
• B< C" a !ourniDu!
• 8< 6##(& co(d #ac$" and ca(( /11
• < rin$ #(n!& o' a(coho(
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+-
&oving a victim 'ith $roken $ones can
result in:
• 6< a)ag !o in!rna( !i""u" and organ"• B< Para(&"i"
• 8< a!h
• < 6(( o' !h abov
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+/
7ou are most likely to perform first aid
at:• 6< Ho)
• B< :or$
• 8< S#or!ing vn!"
• < On !h high%a&
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7ou cannot $e successfully sued as a
first aider $ecause of:• 6< a%&r" arnF! (i$ !ha!
• B< Po#( donF! "u !ho"
%ho !r& !o h(# !h)
• 8< Th Good Sa)ari!an a%
• < Th Bi(( o' Righ!"