+ All Categories
Home > Documents > Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The...

Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The...

Date post: 18-Jul-2020
Category:
Upload: others
View: 2 times
Download: 0 times
Share this document with a friend
24
Basic guide to APA referencing Academic Writing: Citing, Quoting and Referencing
Transcript
Page 1: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

Basic guide to APA referencing

Academic Writing: Citing, Quoting and Referencing

Page 2: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

Overview

The key purposes for referencing source materials

Paraphrasing — within the main body of your text (in-text)

Quotations — within the main body of your text (in-text)

Referencing — after the main body of your text (post-text)

2

Page 3: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

The key purposes of referencing

Thepurposeofreferencingisthree‐fold:1. Togivecreditto(acknowledge)thosewhosewordsorideasyouareusing

2. Toavoidplagiarismandtomakeyourargumentmorecredibleandvalid

3. Allowsreaderstocross‐reference yoursources(toeasilyfindtheoriginal)

Cross‐referencing: allows readers to locate the publication information of source material (the original source). This is of great value for researchers who may want to locate your sources for their own research projects.

3

Plagiarismisaveryseriousviolationofacademicintegrity.

Ifyoudonotacknowledgethosewhoseworkyoucite,youareplagiarising

Page 4: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

Avoiding plagiarism

Youavoidplagiarismbycitingandreferencing everysourceyouuse.

Paraphrasing Paraphrase(orsummarise)fromagivensource,usingyourownwords

Name|Year|Pageno. e.g. AccordingtoHartandSmith(2014,p.66),sometext…

Directquotations Originalpassagecopieddirectlyfromthesource

“…”+Name|Year|Pageno. e.g.“sometext”(Hart&Smith,2014,pp.72–73).

4

Page 5: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

Citing and referencing source materials

in-text Paraphrasing

in-text Quoting

post-text Referencing

5

Page 6: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

Consider these points...

Beforeincorporatingacitation,considerthefollowing:

Citedsourcesshouldsupportyourpoint,notmakeyourpoint.

Ifyoudocite,doyouneedtodirectlyquotethefullsentenceorcanyoujustparaphrasethepartofthesentencethatismostrelevanttoyourownresearch?

6

Page 7: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

Sample citation (in-text):

7

Page 8: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

Sample reference list (post-text):

8

Page 9: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

in-text Paraphrasing

Ifyouparaphrasefromasource(i.e.rewriteitinyourownwords),givetheauthor/screditfortheirideasasfollows:

(Thisissometimescalledan“indirectquotation”)

According to Jones and Smith (2002), phobias can be treated more successfully by cognitive therapy than psychoanalysis. More text, more text…

9

Page 10: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

in-text Direct Quotations

Ifyouuseadirectquotationfromanoriginalsource,givetheauthor/screditfortheirideas(words)

Includethepagenumber/sfromwherethewordsweretaken– asthiswillenableyourreaderstofindit.

Some text here, some text here… “Cognitive therapy is more effective than psychoanalysis in the treatments of phobias” (Jones & Smith, 2002, p. 44). More text, more text…

10

Page 11: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

in-text note the difference

According to Hart (2011), those who write with paper and pencil tend to be more creative. More text, more text…

Some text here, some text here… “the sample who preferred to edit using a word processing program were found to be less creative” (Hart, 2011, p. 167). More text, more text…

11

Page 12: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

in-text Paraphrasing “Secondary Sources”

Youmustcreatethefollowingtypeofcitation.:

According to Jones (as cited in Smith 2005), phobias can be treated more successfully by cognitive therapy than psychoanalysis. More text, more text…

12

Page 13: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

References (post-text)

Yourreferencelistmustalphabeticallylistevery sourcecitedinyourpaper.

Itprovidestheinformationnecessaryforreaderstolocateandretrieveanysourcescitedinyourpaper.

References

Hart, J. (2011). The semantic web. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Smith, T. (2005). The Five Rules of Setting up an Internet Giant. London: Routledge.

13

Eachandeveryretrievablesourcecitedinyourpapermustappearinyourreferencelistand,viceversa.

Page 14: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

References need to be detailed

Howdoesyourlistofreferenceshelpthosewhoreadyourwork?

e.g.Youtakesourceinformationfromthisbook(eitherintermsofsomedirectquotesorparaphrasedpoints)

Whatarethepiecesofinformationyouwillneedtoprovide?

14

Page 15: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

Obtaining details for reference lists

InformationRequired: Title

InternationalHumanResourceManagement:AMultinationalCompanyPerspective

AuthorNameMonir H.Tayeb Tayeb,M.

Published(year)27Jan2005 (2005)

Published(by)OxfordUniversityPress

Published(location)USA

15

Page 16: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

Referencing: Books

Basic:

Author,A.(2012).Titleofbook.City:Publisher.

Twoauthors,secondedition:

Author,A.,&Author,B.(1972).Titleofbook(3rd ed.).City:Publisher.

Chapterinabook:

Author,C.(2004).Titleofchapter.InA.Editor(Ed.),Titleof

book (edition,pp.87‐124).City:Publisher.

16

Page 17: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

Referencing: Newspapers & Websites

Newspaperarticle:

Author,A.(Year,MonthDay).Titleofarticle. TitleofNewspaper.

Retrieved,MonthDay,Yearfromhttp://www.site.com/full/url/

Websitearticle:

Author,A.(Year,MonthDay).Titleofarticle.Retrieved,MonthDay,

Yearfromhttp://www.site.com/full/url/

17

Page 18: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

Referencing: Journal articles

Basic:

Author,A.(2008).Titleofarticle.NameofJournal,7(2),265–298.

Twoauthors,accesseddigitally:

Author,A.,&Author,D.(2004).Titleofarticle.NameofJournal,

32(4),875–922.doi:0000000/000000000000

18

DigitalObjectIdentifier(DOI)provideapermanentanddirectlinktothegivenarticle.

Page 19: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

19

Practice: APA Citation and Referencing Workshop

Page 20: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

General APA style guidelines

Fonts and document formatting

Document organisation

Title conventions

20

Page 21: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

Reference: APA formatting & organisation guidelines

FontsandFormat Yourdoctoralthesisshouldbetyped,double‐spacedonA4paper

Itshouldhave1inch(2.54cm)marginsonallsides

Youshoulduseaclearfontthatishighlyreadable.

Asarule,Times New Roman font isusedin12ptsize.

Alltextinyourdocumentshouldbedoublespaced.

Title Typeyourtitleinupperandlowercaseletters

Itshouldnotcontainanyabbreviationsorwordsthatservenopurpose.

Beneaththetitle,typeyourfirstname,middleinitial(s),andlastname.

21

Page 22: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

www.apastyle.org/learn/tutorials/basics-tutorial.aspx

22

Reference: resources online

Page 23: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

Interviews,Email,andOtherPersonalCommunication:

Sometexthere(Y.Lin,personalcommunication,May6,2010).

Y.Linalsoarguedthatbusinessisalwayspleasure(personalcommunication,May6,2010)

23

Reference: how to cite other types of source material

Nopersonalcommunicationisincludedinyourreferencelist

Onlycitetheirname,thephrase“personalcommunication,”andthedateofthecommunicationinyourtext

Page 24: Basic guide to APA referencing - Aquascript · 2014-05-08 · The key purposes of referencing The purpose of referencing is three‐fold: 1. To give credit to (acknowledge) those

InadditiontoAPA,therearemanyotherreferencingstyles

APAusesHarvardreferencingwithinthetext,listingtheauthor'snameandyearofpublication,keyedtoanalphabeticallistofsourcesattheendofthepaper(Hart,2012).

Universitiesandacademicjournalswillstatewhichstyletheyexpectwrittensubmissionstofollow.

Seeaquascript’sChicagoStyledocumentation

http://aquascript.com/chicago-style/

24

Reference: other referencing styles

IfyouuseasoftwarepackagelikeEndNote™tomanageyourreferences,itcanautomaticallyconvertthemfromonereferencingformattoanother.


Recommended