Basic Hatchery

Requirements

.

HatcheryHatchery is a machine

which provides the basic requirement for the development of

embryo into a health chick

.

Oology The branch of

science which deal with the study of eggs is known as

Oology

Egg

A chamber that provides nourishment and protection for the

growth and development of embryo inside it

.

Embryo The earliest

development of germinal disk within egg until it hatches

.HatchlingA chick from a

recently – hatched egg

.Germinal disk

A small, circular,

white patch on the upper surface of

yolk, containing cell from which the chick develops if the egg

is fertilized

.Incubation

Process by which birds / hatchery

hatch their fertile eggs

Incubation Period

The time during which incubation takes place

Incubation Periods of Avian Species .1 Hen 21 Days

2 Quail 21-23

3 Duck 28

4 Turkey 28

5 Ostrich 35-49

Incubation Methods

Natural Incubation Artifical Incubation

Natural Incubation For small scale household purpose Required by Medium Size Hen

Characterized by Ruffled feathers

Loosing feathers under wing & legs Free from parasite (External & Internal)

Capacity of eggs 12-15 eggs/ hen Housing dimension 14*14*16

Clean nesting material Check eggs at 9th & 16th day for dead in

shell Broody patch

.

Artificial Incubation TWO TYPES (small and large ) SMALL

CAPACITY ------50-500POSITION ------FlatVENTILATION ---Natural SourceTURNING -------3-5 times manually normal temperature requirement

1-7 days--------102.5-103.5 oF8-18 days-------102 oF19-21 days ------101 oF

. LARGE (two types) I)--Mammoth/ Cabinet /Forced draft

incubators II)-Walk in Incubators

Capacity---10,000 –400,000 eggsTwo Major Parts

A B

Setter Hatcher

Setter

From 1-18 days Broader end up & Pointer end at bottom Turning automatically--------6-8 times It has multiple trays Ventilators for Ventilations Heat source –electricity with fans for uniform

distribution

.

Setter

. .

Hatcher

19-21 days

1/3 capacity of setter

No turning

Heat source –electricity with fans for uniform distribution

.

Hatcher

. .

. .

Temperature

Setter 99.5oF

Hatcher 99oF

Effect of High Temperaturesmaller / weak chickunhealed navalmissing eyes & brain

Effect of Low Temperaturedelayed chickssticky chicks

Humidity %age of

moisture in air

Setter 54-60%

Hatcher 75-86%

Effect of High Humidity less evaporationhatching delayed soft abdomen chicks

Effect of Low Humidity excess loss of water early hatchingdehydrated chicks

Ventilation Crossing of fresh gasses with foul

gasses

Normal Co2 level-------0.3%Above 0.5%-----------reduced hatchability

Above 2%-------------0% hatchability

Altitude High altitude – reduced hatchability Normal hatchability is –85%

At 2500 ft--------85% At 4950 ft--------74% At 7160 ft--------64%

Recommended sea level –2500 ft

Position of eggs Position of egg is Broader end up &

Pointer end at bottom If broader end at bottom

50% dead in seal due to non-establishment of pulmonary respiration

Turning of eggs Normal turning angel 40-45o each side 6-8 times turning / 24 hours If turning in circle

it will rapture allantois membrane

Normal turning provides uniform temperature reduce sticky chicks

50% dead in shell due to non-establishment of pulmonary respiration