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Basic Human Anatomy and Physiology

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    BASIC HUMAN

    ANATOMY ANDPHYSIOLOGY

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    Learning objectives:

    Define anatomy & physiology, and explain how

    they are related

    Describe each level of organization of thebody with reference to an example

    List the organ systems of the body, and state the

    major organs associated with each Describe in general the functions of each organ

    system

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    Learning Objectives

    Use anatomical terms to describe the relativepositions of the body parts, the regions of thebody, and the planes by which the body can be

    sectioned List the cavities of the body, and state their

    locations. Name the organs located in each of the body

    cavities Describe how a feedback system maintains

    homeostasis.

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    definition

    Anatomy (Greek) ana + tome to cut

    off studies the structure of body parts

    and their relationships to one another Physiology (Greek)physis = nature +

    logos = study) studies how the body

    work

    pathophysiologyis concerned

    with how physiological processes are

    altered in disease or injury

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    Levels of Structural Organization

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    Level of Structural Organization

    The four basic tissue types in humanbody:

    Muscle tissueNervous tissue

    Connective tissue

    Epithelium tissue

    Organ discrete structure composed ofat least two tissue types

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    Orientation and Directional Terms

    Anatomical position: standing erect, with face forward, arms atthe sides, and palms and toes directed forward

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    Body Planes and Sections

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    Body Planes and Sections

    A sagittal (median) plane extends

    lengthwise and divides the body into right

    and left portions.A midsagittal plane passes exactly through

    the midline of the body.

    Sagittal cuts that are not along the midline arecalled parasagittal sections.

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    Body Planes and Sections

    A frontal (coronal) plane also extends

    lengthwise, but it is perpendicular to a sagittal

    plane and divides the body or an organ intoanterior and posterior portions.

    A transverse (horizontal) plane is perpendicular

    to the bodys long axis and therefore divides the

    body horizontally to produce a cross section. Atransverse cut divides the body or an organ into

    superior and inferior portions.

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    Body Cavities

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    Body Cavities

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    Homeostasis

    in normal, healthy organismsbloodpressure, body temperature, and blood-

    borne factors like oxygen, glucose, and

    sodium, for exampleare maintained at

    relatively steady states.

    Claude Bernard constant internal milieu

    that is a prerequisite for good health

    Walter Cannon homeostasis.

    stable balance between the physiological variables

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    assignment

    Components of homeostatic control

    systems, give an example!

    Negative feedback mechanism, example

    Positive feddback mechanism, example

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    "If you love life, life will love you back.""If you love life, life will love you back."!!


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