Basic Infrastructures for water and sanitation

María J. Ledesma-Carbayo

Contents

• Introduction

• Methodology levels

• Safe, affordable and sustainable water & sanitation services

• Governance practices in water, sanitation and management

Introduction I

• Human Right to Water: Confirmed in the General Comment No. 15 of the UN Committee onEconomic, Social and Cultural Rights that:

‘the human right to water entitles everyone tosufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessibleand affordable water for personal and domesticuses’.

‘the human right to water is indispensable forleading a life in human dignity. It is a prerequisitefor the realization of other human rights’.

Introduction II

• Strategic guidelines

Provision of

Basic services

Capacity Building

Advocacy

Active

Citizenship

Intervention

Model

Introduction III

• Tanzania– POPULATION: 37.6 millions

– LANGUAGE: Swahili & English

– HDI: 162 of 177

– LIFE EXPECTANCY: 47.9 años.

– MORTALITY (<5 años): 14,8%

– GDP per capita: 674 PPA$.

• EU + Spanish Funding

• Learning from and with others-Universities, NGO, local goverment

KIGOMASAME

MANGOLA

INFRASTRUCTURES PROJECTS:

� Improvement of the bridges in Mtabila and MoyovosiBurundian refugee camps in Tanzania (1995)

� Improvement of the road from Barazani to Lagangareri, Mangola Valley (1999-2000)

HYDROSANITARY PROGRAMS :

� MANGOLA VALLEY

� 1st phase 1996-1997

� 2nd phase 2002-2004

� 3rd phase 2004-2006

� 4th phase 2006-2007

� KIGOMA RURAL DISTRICT

� 1st phase 1997-2001

� 2nd phase 2002-2003

� 3rd phase 2003-2005

� 4th phase 2006-2009

� SAME DISTRICT

� Pilot phase 2006-2008

� 1st phase 2008-2010

Introduction IV

Water access coverage in rural areas.

Mean coverage

42%

Source: Water Aid

Introduction V

• No equitable provision42% of coverage in rural areas

• Financial, operation and maintenance problems40% of the rural systems are not functional

• Quality and quantity depending on season Scarcity during dry season

• Low water qualityPollution or salinity

• Improvable planning on resources and investmentImproving technical and institutional capacities

Introduction VI

AIM: Water Right Fulfillment

– equitable provision of water and sanitation services in rural areas

BY improving:

– the access to W&S

– hygienic practices

– the service delivery

– management at the community and district levels

Methodology I

• Two levels of intervention

–Establishment of safe, affordable and sustainable water & sanitation services

– Improvement of governance practices in water and sanitation services and management of water resources.

Methodology II

DECREASE IN DECREASE IN WATERBORNE DISEASESWATERBORNE DISEASES

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COMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONWORKING SIDE BY SIDE WITH THE DISTRICTWORKING SIDE BY SIDE WITH THE DISTRICT

General

Objective

Specific

Objectives

Transversefactors

Safe, affordable and sustainable water & sanitation services I

• Demand responsive.

–The community identifies the needs

–The community has to open a bank account

EQUITY!!!

• Appropriate technology.

–possible technical proposals in the lowest appropriate level

– the community chooses the option they consider themselves able to maintain

–Participatory final design with the community leaders (source choice, number, kind and situation of taps...).

Safe, affordable and sustainable water & sanitation services II

GOALS:GOALS:

One water distribution point each less than 250 people.

Distance from any house to a water distribution point no further than 400 m.

Minimum water supply capacity: 25l/inh./day.

Water user entities managing the system.

Legal and cost recovery systems implemented.

Close supervision by the District Water Department.

Drinking Water Supply

Hand water well pump

Intake

Drinking Water Supply

Installing pipes

Tanks

Drinking water supply

Ventilated improved Pit (VIP)

Sanitation

Safe, affordable and sustainable water & sanitation services III

• Social marketing and one to one promotion for hygiene and sanitation.

–PHAST approach- Health Promoters

–Social marketing techniques

–Child to Chilid school activities

–house-by-house campaigns

Hygiene promotion

Social Marketing:Social Marketing:

• Demonstrative Pits and Tilt taps

• Sanitation competitions

•Theater, T-Shirts, Wall painting, comics, …

• POSITIVE MESSAGES!!!

Hygiene promotion

Tilt tap

Wall painting

Safe, affordable and sustainable water & sanitation services IV

• Participatory Techniques.

–Community participation and management

– the community is fully involved and responsible for planning, design and decision-making to maintenance and expansion.

Communities involved in all the project cycle

THE MAIN ACTORSTHEY WILL BE THE OWNERS AND USERS OF THE SYSTEMS

Governance practices in water, sanitation and management I

District Departments (Water, Health and Education)

Community Technical Universities

Related Basin Office

Groups of volunteers Other Civil Based Organizations / NGOs

Governance practices in water, sanitation and management I

• Capacity building.– Strengthening the capabilities and the relationship between local and district levels.

– The district health, education and water departments are involved in all stages of the program and trained on matters like PHAST, water and sanitation project designing, planning, monitoring and assessment.

– At village level, the Water Users Entities are trained on operation, maintenance and management. The Village Health Committee is also trained on hygiene promotion.

• Increase of awareness of water policy and related rights and obligations in the communities

Governance practices in water, sanitation and management II

• Information Management System.– facilitate decision-making and resources allocation at District Level.

– Geographical Information System (GIS) with relevant data has been demonstrated as a valuable tool to strengthen District capacities in raising other external funds based on reliable studies and proposals.

• Water Resources Management– Increase access to water resources information at District and Basin level to promote effective Integrated Water Resources Management.

Management systems of water supply and sanitation information

Water Supply and Sanitation Data Bases

SIG Water Point Mapping

Monitoring the access to water supplyusing GIS

RUVU

NJORO

KISIWANI

MAORE

HEDARU

NDUNGUMAKANYA

MWEMBE

VUNTA

SAME URBAN

MTII

SUJI

MSINDO

BENDERA

CHOME

VUDEE

MSHEWA

BW

AM

BO

KIHURIO

MY

AM

BA

MHEZI

KIRANGARE

BOMBO

MP

INJI

VUJEVUJE

MP

INJI

BOMBO

KIRANGARE

MHEZIM

YA

MB

A

KIHURIO

BW

AM

BO

MSHEWA

VUDEE

CHOME

BENDERA

MSINDO

SUJI

MTII

SAME URBAN

VUNTA

MWEMBE

MAKANYANDUNGU

HEDARU

MAORE

KISIWANI

NJORO

RUVU

20 0 20 40 Kilometers

N

SAME DISTRICTWATER POINTS DENSITY BY WARDS IN 2006

Keyless than 1 water point per 1,000 peoplebetween 1 and 2 water points per 1,000 peoplebetween 2 and 4 water points per 1,000 peoplegreater than 4 water points per 1,000 people

Urban Ward Not Included in the Study

BW

AM

BO

MP

INJI

VUJEVUJE

MP

INJI

BOMBO

KIRANGARE

MHEZI

MY

AM

BA

KIHURIO

BW

AM

BO

MSHEWA

VUDEE

CHOME

BENDERA

MSINDO

SUJI

MTII

SAME URBAN

VUNTA

MW EMBE

MAKANYANDUNGU

HEDARU

MAORE

KISIWANI

NJORO

RUVU

20 0 20 40 Kilometers

N

SAME DISTRICTFUNCTIONAL WATER POINTS DENSITY BY WARDS IN 2006

Keyless than 1 water point per 1,000 peoplebetween 1 and 2 water points per 1,000 peoplebetween 2 and 4 water points per 1,000 peoplegreater than 4 water points per 1,000 people

Urban Ward Not Included in the Study

• Low cost appropriate technology vsmaintenance management systems

• Social Research to promote – Hygienic habits – Enhancing the feeling of ownership – Active Citizenship

• Empowerment and Involvement of local Universities

• Innovative technologies to monitor the coverage of access and health indicators

Open Challenges!!

Ahsante sana!

TUTAKUNYWA MAJI!!!