Basic PHP MySQL

php)

Quick Start: PHP for Beginner Module Prepared by : Mohd Lezam Lehat (Bsc.Comp, Msc.IT)

Prepared by Mohd Lezam Lehat

Table of Contents

Item Page

1. Introduction 3

2. Basic PHP Syntax 3

3. PHP Operators 7

4. Conditional statement 8

5. Looping 10

6. PHP Functions 13

7. PHP Form Handling 16

8. The $ GET Variable 17

9. The $ POST Variable 18

10. The $ REQUEST Variable 18

11. PHP Sessions 19

12. PHP Cookies 20

13. Tutorial 21

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Prepared by Alohd Lezam Lehat

1. Introduction

• PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor • PHP is a server-side scripting language, like ASP • PHP scripts are executed on the server • PHP supports many databases (MySQL, Informix, Oracle, Sybase, Solid,

PostgreSQL, Generic ODBC, etc.) • PHP is an open source software (OSS) • PHP is free to download and use

1.1 What is a PHP File?

• PHP files may contain text, HTML tags and scripts • PHP files are returned to the browser as plain HTML • PHP files have a file extension of ".php", ".php3", or ".phtml" • PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.) • PHP is FREE to download from the official PHP resource: www.php.net

2. Basic PHP Syntax

A PHP scripting block always starts with <?php and ends with ?>. A PHP scripting block can be placed anywhere in the document.

On servers with shorthand support enabled you can start a scripting block with <? and end with ?>.

However, for maximum compatibility, we recommend that you use the standard form (<?php) rather than the shorthand form.

<?php

?>

A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, just like an HTML file, and some PHP scripting code.

Below, we have an example of a simple PHP script which sends the text " UiTM Johor " to the browser:

<html> <body> <?php echo "UiTM Johor"; ?> </body> </html>

Each code line in PHP must end with a semicolon. The semicolon is a separator and is used to distinguish one set of instructions from another.

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There are two basic statements to output text with PHP: echo and print. In the example above we have used the echo statement to output the text " UiTM Johor ".

Note: The file must have the .php extension. In file with the .html extension, the

PHP code will not be executed.

2.1 Comments in PHP

In PHP, we use // to make a single-line comment or /* and */ to make a large comment block.

<html> <body> <?php 1/This is a comment /* This is a comment block */

?> </body> '</html>

2.2 Variables in PHP

Variables are used for storing a values, like text strings, numbers or arrays.

When a variable is set it can be used over and over again in your script

All variables in PHP start with a $ sign symbol.

The correct way of setting a variable in PHP:

$var_name = value;

New PHP programmers often forget the $ sign at the beginning of the variable. In that case it will not work.

Let's try creating a variable with a string, and a variable with a number:

<?php $txt = "JKA"; $number = 1517; ?>

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2.3 PHP is a Loosely Typed Language

In PHP a variable does not need to be declared before being set.

In the example above, you see that you do not have to tell PHP which data type the variable is.

PHP automatically converts the variable to the correct data type, depending on how they are set.

In a strongly typed programming language, you have to declare (define) the type and name of the variable before using it.

In PHP the variable is declared automatically when you use it.

2.4 Variable Naming Rules

• A variable name must start with a letter or an underscore "_" • A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores

(a-Z, 0-9, and _ ) • A variable name should not contain spaces. If a variable name is more than

one word, it should be separated with underscore ($my_string), or with capitalization ($myString)

2.5 Strings in PHP

String variables are used for values that contains character strings.

In this tutorial we are going to look at some of the most common functions and operators used to manipulate strings in PHP.

After we create a string we can manipulate it. A string can be used directly in a function or it can be stored in a variable.

Below, the PHP script assigns the string " UiTM " to a string variable called $txt:

- <?php $txt="UiTM"; echo $txt; ?>

The output of the code above will be:

UiTM

Now, lets try to use some different functions and operators to manipulate our string.

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2.6 The Concatenation Operator

There is only one string operator in PHP.

The concatenation operator (.) is used to put two string values together.

To concatenate two variables together, use the dot (.) operator:

<?php $bd1="FSKM"; $txt2="2009"; echo $txtl . " " . $txt2; ?>


FSKM 2009

If we look at the code above you see that we used the concatenation operator two times. This is because we had to insert a third string.

Between the two string variables we added a string with a single character, an empty space, to separate the two variables.

2.7 Using the strlen() function

The strlen() function is used to find the length of a string.

Let's find the length of our string "Hello world!":

<?php echo strlen("Mohd Lezam Lehat"); ?>


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The length of a string is often used in loops or other functions, when it is important to know when the string ends. (i.e. in a loop, we would want to stop the loop after the last character in the string)

2.8 Using the strpos() function

The strpos() function is used to search for a string or character within a string.

If a match is found in the string, this function will return the position of the first match. If no match is found, it will return FALSE.

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Let's see if we can find the string "world" in our string:

<?php echo strpos("Hello world!","world"); ?>


;6

As you see the position of the string "world" in our string is position 6. The reason that it is 6, and not 7, is that the first position in the string is 0, and not 1.

3. PHP Operators

This section lists the different operators used in PHP.

3.1 Arithmetic Operators

Operator ;Description Example Result + 'Addition x=2

x+2 4

_J ' - Subtraction

i x=2 5-x

3

* I Multiplication

I i

x=4 x*5

20

Division 15/5 3 I 5/2 2.5

oh) Modulus (division remainder) 5%2 -71 10%8 2

. . ; 10%2 0 ++ ;Increment x=5

x++ x=6

-- 1Decrement

I x=5 x--

x=4

3.2 Assignment Operators

'Operator ,.

Example Is The Same As , x=y 7X=y

+=

-=

x+=y ixx-Fy

fx=x-y x-=y

I*= Ix*=y x=x*y

V= ix/=y x=x/y

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Oh = x%=y x=x%y

3.3 Comparison Operators

Operator Description 'Example

jis equal to

!= is not equal

is greater than

is less than

>= is greater than or equal to

<= is less than or equal to

3.4 Logical Operators

,5==8 returns false

5!=8 returns true

5>8 returns false 5<8 returns true

5>=8 returns false

5<=8 returns true

Operator Description

Example

&&

and

x=6

y= 3

(x < 10 && y > 1) returns true

or x=6

Y= 3

(x==5 I I y==5) returns false

not

x=6

Y= 3

!(x= =y) returns true

4. Conditional statement

4.1 The If...Else Statement

If you want to execute some code if a condition is true and another code if a condition is false, use the if....else statement.

Syntax

if (condition) code to be executed if condition is true;

else code to be executed if condition is false;

Example

The following example will output "Have a nice weekend!" if the current day is Friday, otherwise it will output "Have a nice day!":

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i<html> 1<body> <?php 1$d=date("D"); if ($d=="Fri")

echo "Have a nice weekend!"; !else

echo "Have a nice day!"; ?> </body> </html>

If more than one line should be executed if a condition is true/false, the lines should be enclosed within curly braces:

<html> <body> <?php $d=date("D"); if ($d=="Fri")

echo "Hello!<br />"; echo "Have a nice weekend!"; echo "See you on Monday!"; }

?> </body> </html>

4.2 The ElseIf Statement

If you want to execute some code if one of several conditions are true use the elseif statement

Syntax

if (condition) code to be executed if condition is true;

elseif (condition) code to be executed if condition is true;

else code to be executed if condition is false;

Example

The following example will output "Have a nice weekend!" if the current day is Friday, and "Have a nice Sunday!" if the current day is Sunday. Otherwise it will output "Have a nice day!":

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<html> <body> <?php $d=date("D"); if ($d=="Fri")

echo "Have a nice weekend!"; elseif ($d=="Sun")

echo "Have a nice Sunday!"; else

echo "Have a nice day!"; 1?> </body> </html>

5. Looping

Very often when you write code, you want the same block of code to run a number of times. You can use looping statements in your code to perform this.

In PHP we have the following looping statements:

• while - loops through a block of code if and as long as a specified condition is true

• do...while - loops through a block of code once, and then repeats the loop as long as a special condition is true

• for - loops through a block of code a specified number of times • foreach - loops through a block of code for each element in an array

5.1 The for Statement

The for statement is the most advanced of the loops in PHP.

In it's simplest form, the for statement is used when you know how many times you want to execute a statement or a list of statements.

Syntax

for (init, cond, Inc)

code to be executed;

Parameters:

• init: Is mostly used to set a counter, but can be any code to be executed once at the beginning of the loop statement.

• cond: Is evaluated at beginning of each loop iteration. If the condition evaluates to TRUE, the loop continues and the code executes. If it evaluates to FALSE, the execution of the loop ends.

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Prepared by Alohd Lezatri Lehat

• incr: Is mostly used to increment a counter, but can be any code to be executed at the end of each loop.

Note: Each of the parameters can be empty or have multiple expressions separated by commas.

• cond: All expressions separated by a comma are evaluated but the result is taken from the last part. This parameter being empty means the loop should be run indefinitely. This is useful when using a conditional break statement inside the loop for ending the loop.

Example

The following example prints the text "Hello World!" five times:

1 <html> <body> <?php for ($i=1; $i<=5; $i++) {

echo "Hello World!<br />"; } ?> </body> </html>

5.2 The while Statement

The while statement will execute a block of code if and as long as a condition is true.

Syntax

while (condition) code to be executed,

Example

The following example demonstrates a loop that will continue to run as long as the variable i is less than, or equal to 5. i will increase by 1 each time the loop runs:

<html> <body> <?php $i=1; while($i<=5) { echo 'The number is " . $i . "<br />"; $i++;

} ?>

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</body> </html>

53 The do...while Statement

The do...while statement will execute a block of code at least once - it then will repeat the loop as long as a condition is true.

Syntax

Do

{

code to be executed; }

while (condition);

Example

The following example will increment the value of i at least once, and it will continue incrementing the variable i as long as it has a value of less than 5:

<html> <body> <?php $i=0; do {

$i++; echo 'The number is }

while ($i<5); ?> </body> </html>

II $i . "<br />";

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6. PHP Functions

A function is a block of code that can be executed whenever we need it.

Creating PHP functions:

• All functions start with the word "function()" • Name the function - It should be possible to understand what the function

does by its name. The name can start with a letter or underscore (not a number)

• Add a "{" - The function code starts after the opening curly brace • Insert the function code • Add a "}" - The function is finished by a closing curly brace

Example

A simple function that writes my name when it is called:

r 1 <html> !<body> <?php function writeMyName() { echo "Mohd Lezam Lehat"; }

,writeMyName(); 1?›.

</body> </html>

<html> <body> <?php function writeMyName() {

echo " Mohd Lezam Lehat ";

echo "Hello world! <br />"; echo "My name is "; writeMyName(); echo ".<br />That's right, "; writeMyName(); echo " is my name."; ?> </body> </html>


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Hello world! My name is Mohd Lezam Lehat. That's right, Mohd Lezam Lehat is my name.

6.1 PHP Functions - Adding parameters

Our first function (writeMyName()) is a very simple function. It only writes a static string.

To add more functionality to a function, we can add parameters. A parameter is just like a variable.

You may have noticed the parentheses after the function name, like: writeMyName(). The parameters are specified inside the parentheses.

Example 1

The following example will write different first names, but the same last name:

<html> <body> <?php function writeMyName($fname)

{ echo $fname . " Lehat.<br />"; }

echo "My name is "; writeMyName("Mohd Lezam"); .echo "My name is "; writeMyName("Norleza"); echo "My name is "; 'writeMyName("Mohd Sufian"); ?> </body> </html>


My name is Mohd Lezam Lehat. My name is Norleza Lehat. My name is Mohd Sufian Lehat.

Example 2

The following function has two parameters:

<html> <body>

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<?php function writeMyName($fname,$punctuation) {

echo $fname . " Lehat" . $punctuation . "<br />"; }

echo "My name is "; writeMyName("Mohd Lezam","."); echo "My name is "; writeMyName("Norleza","!"); echo "My name is "; writeMyName("Mohd Sufyan","..."); ?> </body>

, </html>


My name is Mohd Lezam Lehat. My name is Norleza Lehat! My name is Mohd Sufian Lehat...

6.2 PHP Functions - Return values

Functions can also be used to return values.

<html> <body> <?php function add($x,$y)

{ $total = $x + $y; return $total; }

echo "1 + 16 = " . add(1,16); ?> </body> </html>


1 + 16 = 17

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7. PHP Form Handling

The most important thing to notice when dealing with HTML forms and PHP is that any form element in an HTML page will automatically be available to your PHP scripts.

Form example:

<html> <body> <form action="welcome.php" method="post"> Name: <input type="text" name="name" />

, Age: <input type="text" name="age" /> '<input type="submit" /> </form> </body> </htnnl>

The example HTML page above contains two input fields and a submit button. When the user fills in this form and click on the submit button, the form data is sent to the "welcome.php" file.

The "welcome.php" file looks like this:

<html> <body> Welcome <?php echo $_POST["name"]; ?>.<br /> You are <?php echo $_POST["age"]; ?> years old. </body> </html>

J

A sample output of the above script may be:

Welcome John. You are 28 years old.

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8. The $_GET Variable

The $_GET variable is an array of variable names and values sent by the HTTP GET method.

The $_GET variable is used to collect values from a form with method="get". Information sent from a form with the GET method is visible to everyone (it will be displayed in the browser's address bar) and it has limits on the amount of information to send (max. 100 characters).

Example

<form action="welcome.php" method="get"> Name: <input type="text" name="name" /> lAge: <input type="text" name="age" /> '<input type="submit" /> I</form>

When the user clicks the "Submit" button, the URL sent could look something like this:

http://www.w3schools.com/welcome.php?name=Peter&age=37

The "welcome.php" file can now use the $_GET variable to catch the form data (notice that the names of the form fields will automatically be the ID keys in the $_GET array):

Welcome <?php echo $_GET["name"]; ?>.<br /> You are <?php echo $_GET["age"]; ?> years old!

8.1 Why use $_GET?

Note: When using the $_GET variable all variable names and values are displayed in the URL. So this method should not be used when sending passwords or other sensitive information! However, because the variables are displayed in the URL, it is possible to bookmark the page. This can be useful in some cases.

Note: The HTTP GET method is not suitable on large variable values; the value cannot exceed 100 characters.

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9. The $_POST Variable

The $_POST variable is an array of variable names and values sent by the HTTP POST method.The $_POST variable is used to collect values from a form with method="post". Information sent from a form with the POST method is invisible to others and has no limits on the amount of information to send.

Example

<form action="welcome.php" method="post"> ,Enter your name: <input type="text" name="name" /> Enter your age: <input type="text" name="age" /> <input type="submit" /> </form>

When the user clicks the "Submit" button, the URL will not contain any form data, and will look something like this:

http://www.centre2u.com/welcome.php

The "welcome.php" file can now use the $_POST variable to catch the form data (notice that the names of the form fields will automatically be the ID keys in the $_POST array):

Welcome <?php echo $_POST["name"]; ?>.<br /> You are <?php echo $_POST["age"]; ?> years old!

9.1 Why use $_POST?

• Variables sent with HTTP POST are not shown in the URL • Variables have no length limit

However, because the variables are not displayed in the URL, it is not possible to bookmark the page.

10. The $_REQUEST Variable

The PHP $_REQUEST variable contains the contents of both $_GET, $_POST, and $_COOKIE.

The PHP $_REQUEST variable can be used to get the result from form data sent with both the GET and POST methods.

Example

Welcome <?php echo $_REQUEST["name"]; ?>.<br /> You are <?php echo $_REQUEST["age"]; ?> years old!

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11. PHP Sessions

A PHP session variable is used to store information about, or change settings for a user session. Session variables hold information about one single user, and are available to all pages in one application.

11.1 Starting a PHP Session

Before you can store user information in your PHP session, you must first start up the session.

Note: The session_start() function must appear BEFORE the <html> tag:

1<?p h p session_start(); ?> <html> <body> </body> </html>

The code above will register the user's session with the server, allow you to start saving user information, and assign a UID for that user's session.

11.2 Storing a Session Variable

The correct way to store and retrieve session variables is to use the PHP $_SESSION variable:

<?php session_start(); // store session data $_SESSION[views']=1; ?> 1<html> <body> <?php //retrieve session data echo "Pageviews=". $_SESSIONNiewsl; ?> </body> </html>

Output:

Pageviews=1

In the example below, we create a simple page-views counter. The isset() function checks if the "views" variable has already been set. If "views" has been set, we can increment our counter. If "views" doesn't exist, we create a "views" variable, and set it to 1:

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<?php

session_start(); if(isset($_SESSION[views1))

$_SESSION['views1=$_SESSION[views1+1;

else $_SESSION[views']=1;

echo "Views=". $_SESSION['views']; ?>

11.3 Destroying a Session

If you wish to delete some session data, you can use the unset() or the session_destroy() function.

The unset() function is used to free the specified session variable:

<?php unset($_SESSION['views']); ?>

You can also completely destroy the session by calling the session_destroy() function:

<?php session_destroy(); 7> •

Note: session_destroy() will reset your session and you will lose all your stored session data.

12. PHP Cookies

A cookie is often used to identify a user. A cookie is a small file that the server embeds on the user's computer. Each time the same computer requests a page with a browser, it will send the cookie too. With PHP, you can both create and retrieve cookie values.

12.1 How to Create a Cookie?

The setcookie() function is used to set a cookie.

Note: The setcookie() function must appear BEFORE the <html> tag.

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Syntax

setcookie(name, value, expire, path, domain);

Example 1

In the example below, we will create a cookie named "user" and assign the value "Alex Porter" to it. We also specify that the cookie should expire after one hour:

<?php setcookie("user", "Alex Porter", time()+3600); ?> <html>

Note: The value of the cookie is automatically URLencoded when sending the cookie, and automatically decoded when received (to prevent URLencoding, use setrawcookie() instead).

Example 2

You can also set the expiration time of the cookie in another way. It may be easier than using seconds.

<?php $expire=time()+60*60*24*30; setcookie("user", "Alex Porter", $expire); ?> <html>

In the example above the expiration time is set to a month (60 sec * 60 min * 60 hours * 30 days).

12.2 How to Retrieve a Cookie Value?

The PHP $_COOKIE variable is used to retrieve a cookie value.

In the example below, we retrieve the value of the cookie named "user" and display it on a page:

<?php // Print a cookie echo $_COOKIE[" user"]; // A way to view all cookies print_r($_COOKIE); ?>

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In the following example we use the isset() function to find out if a cookie has been set:

<html> <body> <?php if (isset(S_COOKIEruser"D)

echo "Welcome " . $_COOKIE["user"] . "!<br />"; else

echo "Welcome guestl<br />"; ?> </body> </html>

12.3 How to Delete a Cookie?

When deleting a cookie you should assure that the expiration date is in the past.

Delete example:

<?php // set the expiration date to one hour ago isetcookie(" user", "", timeQ-3600); 1?>

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<?php $no1=4; $no2=3; $total=$nol+$no2; echo "4 + 3 =".$total; ?>

2. Ope

a) ,


13. Tutorial

1. Basic Coding

a) la.php

<?php echo "Welcome to the UiTM"; print "Johor"; ?>

b)1' <?php $txtl ="PHP"; $txt2="Programming"; $no1=2009; echo $txtl . " " . $txt2 . $nol; ?>

<?php $txt1="DON'T"; $bd2="ACT"; $txt3="AGE"; echo $txt1 . " always " . $txt2." </br> your".$b(t3; ?>

c) 1

b) 2

<?php $rm=100; $dollar=3.88; $convert=$rm/$dollar; ?>

Value in <b>RM</b> :

<?php echo $convert; ?>

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3. Conditional Statement / Looping

a) 3a.php

<html>

<body> <?php $d=date("D"); ?>

Today is : <?php echo $d ?> </br> </br>

<?php if ($d=="Sat")

echo "Have a nice weekend!"; else

echo "Have a nice day!"; ?> </body>

</html>

b) 3b.php

<table border="1"> <?php $i=1; while($i<=5) { ?>

<tr> <td><?php echo $i ?></td>

</tr> <?php $i++; } ?> </table>

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4. Function

a) 4a.php

<html> <body> <?php function Name()

{ echo "Mohd Lezam Lehat"; }

Name(); ?>

<?php Name(); ?>

</body> </html>

a) 4a.php

<?php function kira($no)

{ $jumlah=$no+3; echo "Jumlah : ". $jumlah; }

kira(3); ?>

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<form action="5ab.php" method="post"> Name: <input type="text" name="name" /> Gender: <select name="gender" id="gender">

<option value="Male">Male</option> <option value="Female">Female</option>

</select> <input type="submit" value="Submit"/> </form>

<p>Name: <?php $nama = $_POST["name"]; $gender = $___POST["gender"]; echo $nama ?> </p> <p>Gender :

<?php echo $gender ?> </P>

5. Form

a) 5a.php

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EXERCISE DATABASE : dbComplaint Staff(staffID name,email,password,type)

(Type : admin,IT,lecturer) Complaint(complaintID,staffID,date,detail,location,category,status,dateAssign,dateComplete)

(Status :Pending,In-progress,Success,rejected) Category(categorvID,name) eg: software,hardware

A. STAFF i) Submit Complaint

date

staffID

DATE

STAFF ID

detail DETAIL

LOCATION

CATEGORY Choose Category

Submit

location

category

Action: User sent complaints (tips:Add)

B. Head Of Department i) View and assign complaint

ID DATE COMPLAINT PERSON IN STATUS ACTION

1 01 102/2012 software installation. Choose Category • Pending Submit 1 2 02402/2012 vines Ahmad Success

1 01/012 1 sot ware installation Choose Category Y Pending Submit

ii)View complaint details

List Only Staff from IT

Action: set personiD, dateassign,status (tips:update)

DATE 12102.' 2012

STAFF II) Ahmed

DETAIL Please install MS Office

LOCATION A101

CATEGORY Software

fd,

Mg

Quick Start: MySQL for Beginner Module Prepared by : Mohd Lezam Lehat (Bsc.Comp, Msc.IT)


TABLE OF CONTENT

MySQL for Beginner

1. Introduction 3

2. Installation 4

3. SQL statement 6

- Connect 6

- Create 6

- Insert 8

- Select 9

- Where 9

- Order By 9

- Update 10

- Delete 10

4. Getting Started With phpMyAdmin 11

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1. Introduction to MySQL

MySQL is a database. The data in MySQL is stored in database objects called tables. A table is a collections of related data entries and it consists of columns and rows. Databases are useful when storing information categorically. A company may have a database with the following tables: "Employees", "Products", "Customers" and "Orders".

1.1 Database Tables

A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified by a name (e.g. "Customers" or "Orders"). Tables contain records (rows) with data.

Below is an example of a table called "Persons":

r----- LastName (FirstName Address City Hansen , la itimoteivn 10 :Sandnes Svendson Move Borgvn 23 Sandnes Pettersen IR; a r i Storgt 20 ;Stavanger

The table above contains three records (one for each person) and four columns (LastName, FirstName, Address, and City).

1.2 Queries

A query is a question or a request. With MySQL, we can query a database for specific information and have a recordset returned. Look at the following query:

SELECT LastName FROM Persons

The query above selects all the data in the "LastName" column from the "Persons" table, and will return a recordset like this:

LastName Hansen Svendson Pettersen

1.3 Download MySQL Database

If you don't have a PHP server with a MySQL Database, you can download MySQL for free here: http://www.mysql.com/downloads/index.html

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2. Installation

2.1 Installing MySQL on Windows

For the Essentials and Complete packages in the MSI installer, you can select individual components to be installed by using the Custom mode, including disable the components confiurated for installation by default.

Full details on the components are suggested uses are provided below for reference:

• Windows Essentials — this package has a file name similar to mysql-essential-5.1.42-win32.msi and is supplied as a Microsoft Installer (MSI) package. The package includes the minimum set of files needed to install MySQL on Windows, including the MySQL Server Instance Config Wizard. This package does not include optional components such as the embedded server, developer headers and libraries or benchmark suite.

• Windows MSI Installer (Complete) — this package has a file name similar to mysql-5.1.42-win32.zip and contains all files needed for a complete Windows installation, including the MySQL Server Instance Config Wizard. This package includes optional components such as the embedded server and benchmark suite.

• Without installer — this package has a file name similar to mysql-noinstall-5.1.42-win32.zip and contains all the files found in the Complete install package, with the exception of the MySQL Server Instance Config Wizard. This package does not include an automated installer, and must be manually installed and configured.

The Essentials package is recommended for most users. Both the Essentials and Complete distributions are available as an .msi file for use with the Windows Installer. The Noinstall distribution is packaged as Zip archives. To use Zip archives, you must have a tool that can unpack .zip files.

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Dov..nk ad NISI

Run \ISI

l\ lyS (} 1..

Regislci

Run AlrSQL

Nly';(/1

Figure 2.1. Installation Workflow for Windows using MSI

The workflow for installing using the MSI installer is shown below:

I )ownIcad Zip

• 10 ,; 1 /gyp

Renmuc Directory

•

NIN.1QL 10:

• I ∎ sc

Figure 2.2. Installation Workflow for Windows using Zip

2.2 Installation on different Operating system

For more information about installation MySQL : http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/installing.html

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3. SQL

SQL is short for Structured Query Language and is a widely used database language, providing means of data manipulation (store, retrieve, update, delete) and database creation.

Almost all modern Relational Database Management Systems like MS SQL Server, Microsoft Access, MSDE, Oracle, DB2, Sybase, MySQL, Postgres and Informix use SQL as standard database language. Now a word of warning here, although all those RDBMS use SQL, they use different SQL dialects. For example MS SQL Server specific version of the SQL is called T-SQL, Oracle version of SQL is called PL/SQL, MS Access version of SQL is called JET SQL, etc.

3.1 Create a Connection to a MySQL Database

Before you can access data in a database, you must create a connection to the database.

In PHP, this is done with the mysql_connect() function.

Syntax mysql_connect(servername,username,password);

Parameter Description I servername

Optional. Specifies the server to connect to. Default value is "localhost:3306"

Username Optional. Specifies the username to log in with. Default value is the name of the user that owns the server process

Password Optional. Specifies the password to log in with. Default is ""

Note: There are more available parameters, but the ones listed above are the most important.

3.2 Create a Database

The CREATE DATABASE statement is used to create a database in MySQL.

Syntax CREATE DATABASE database_name

Example CREATE DATABASE dBase

6


3.3 Create a Table

The CREATE TABLE statement is used to create a table in MySQL.

Syntax CREATE TABLE table_name

column_name1 data_type, column_name2 data_type, column_name3 data_type,

Example CREATE TABLE Persons

( person ID int, name varchar(30), address varchar(50), age int(3)

3.3.1 Data types

TINYINT — A very small integer. The signed range is -128 to 127.

SMALLINT - A small integer. The signed range is -32768 to 32767.

MEDIUMINT - A medium-size integer. The signed range is -8388608 to 8388607.

INT - A normal-size integer. The signed range is -2147483648 to 2147483647.

BIGINT — A very large integer.

Some other less common number options include:

FLOAT- A floating-point number.

DOUBLE — A double-precision floating-point number.

DECIMAL - A packed exact fixed-point number.

If the field is to be used to store text or both text and numbers combined, here are some choices:

VARCHAR is for varying characters and can be up to 255 characters in length.

TEXT is a column with a maximum length of 65,535 characters — easy to search.

BLOB is a column with a maximum length of 65,535 characters — case-sensitive.

If the field is to be used to store dates, here are some choices:

7


DATE - A date.

DATETIME - date and time combination.

TIMESTAMP - useful for recording the date and time of an INSERT or UPDATE

operation.

TIME - A time

3.3.2 Primary Keys and Auto Increment Fields

Each table should have a primary key field.

A primary key is used to uniquely identify the rows in a table. Each primary key value must be unique within the table. Furthermore, the primary key field cannot be null because the database engine requires a value to locate the record.

The following example sets the personlD field as the primary key field. The primary key field is often an ID number, and is often used with the AUTO_INCREMENT setting. AUTO_INCREMENT automatically increases the value of the field by 1 each time a new record is added. To ensure that the primary key field cannot be null, we must add the NOT NULL setting to the field.

Example CREATE TABLE Persons

( personlD int NOT NULL AUTOINCREMENT, PRIMARY KEY(personlD), name varchar(30), address varchar(50), age int );

3.4 Insert Data Into a Database Table

The INSERT INTO statement is used to add new records to a database table.

Syntax

INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (valuel, value2, value3,...)

The second form specifies both the column names and the values to be inserted:

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...) VALUES (valuel, value2, value3,...)

8


Example

INSERT INTO Persons (name, address, age) VALUES ('Ahmad', rJementah', 1 35 1 )");

3.5 Select Data From a Database Table

The SELECT statement is used to select data from a database.

Syntax

SELECT col um n_na me(s) FROM table_name

Example

The following example selects all the data stored in the "Persons" table (The * character selects all the data in the table):

SELECT * FROM Persons

3.6 The WHERE clause

The WHERE clause is used to extract only those records that fulfill a specified criterion.

Syntax

SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value

Example

SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE age > 20

3.7 The ORDER BY Keyword

The ORDER BY keyword is used to sort the data in a recordset. The ORDER BY keyword sort the records in ascending order by default. If you want to sort the records in a descending order, you can use the DESC keyword.

Syntax

SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name(s) ASCIDESC

9


Example

SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE age > 20 ORDER BY name ASC

3.7.1 Order by Two Columns

It is also possible to order by more than one column. When ordering by more than one column, the second column is only used if the values in the first column are

equal:

SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name ORDER BY column1, column2

Example

SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE age > 20 ORDER BY name,address ASC

3.8 Update Data In a Database

The UPDATE statement is used to update existing records in a table.

Syntax

UPDATE table_name SET columnl=value, column2=value2,... WHERE some_column=some_value

Note: Notice the WHERE clause in the UPDATE syntax. The WHERE clause specifies which record or records that should be updated. If you omit the WHERE clause, all records will be updated!

Example

UPDATE Persons SET address='Segamat', age=20 WHERE name='Ahmad'

3.9 Delete Data In a Database

The DELETE FROM statement is used to delete records from a database table.

Syntax

DELETE FROM table_name WHERE some_column = some_value

10

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1%3 • buang (1) • calendar (1) • cdcol (1) • cjalan (34) • cjportal (78) • dbspa (27) • dmyreports (1) • elearning1 (93) • information_schema (28) • kawen (88) • mysql (23) • phpmyadmin (8) • test (2) • lestexam (15) • webauth (I)

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Note: Notice the WHERE clause in the DELETE syntax. The WHERE clause specifies which record or records that should be deleted. If you omit the WHERE clause, all records will be deleted!

Example

DELETE FROM Person WHERE age > 60

4. Getting Started With phpMyAdmin

Once you log in, a phpMyAdmin screen appears as shown below.

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MySOL client version: 5.1 30 1 PHP extension: aqui'

phpMyAdmin

Version information: 3.1.1

L.:I Documentation

Wiki

Homepage

(ChangeLog) (Subversion) (Lists)

php

a) Database in your web server b) Information about web server

11


4.1 Creating a new database

Actions

MySQL localhost

Cleate new database 0

dbStudent Collation v Create

MySQL connection collation: utfa_general_ci v C)

Insert database name dbStudent and click create and you will see dbStudent

displayed on your left-hand frame in phpMyAdmin.

4.2 Creating a table in your database

The left-hand frame in phpMyAdmin is used for navigation. Click on your database the navigation frame and a new window will appear on the right hand side.

Server locallost 1 iy Database: dbStudent

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X Di op

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Database

(Databases)

dbStudent (o)

No tables found in database.

No tables found in database

new talrl. "it .lataltae dbStudent

Name Number of fields

We will create a table in the database, called "lecturer". Use the Create new table

feature. Type in the name of the new table into the Name: lecturer, and the number

of columns in the table (4) into Fields:. This tutorial is only designed to show you the basic php/MySQL/phpMyAdmin functions. You can delete it using the Drop

function. You will want to allow for growth in your table.

stitictui e asg SOL Sealch, 14110nery ,IrrExport Import

Xprop

No tables found in database.

— eate new table on database Astudent

Name: lecturer Number of fields: 4

Click Go and you should see something like this. The table title now appears with

under the database name.

12


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Flelil Type 0 LengtIrVallies'

IlefanIt2

Co llatioa

'id INT " 11 None

name VARCHAR s^ 20 None

address VARCHAR 50 None

age 111T 3 None

Table comments:

Storage Engine: 0

Collation:

MyISAM •••

PARTITION rletiriltion: CJ

field(s) [Go j

say?I OrAdd 1

Now enter the names and attributes of our table fields. Enter the following information as above:

1Field Type Length Index AI !

Id int 11 Primary key Yes l Name char 20

- T address char 50

i--- age char 3

The Length value indicates the maximum allowable length of characters for input. There are many different values that can be set for Type. The Types specified in this example aren't the most efficient, but just used for the purposes of this exercise. The "id" field, which will be used as a Primary key for this table, has been set to auto_increment, saving you from having to having to type in the next number in sequence when you input records.

Once you've entered all the values, click Save. A screen like this will appear.

13


-, Table 'dbStudenT.'lecturer i has been created.

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Field Type Collation Attributes Null Default Extra Action

❑ id int(11) No None auto_increment [ji?

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❑ address int(50) No None X k2

❑ age nt(3) No None X

t Check All / Uncheck All With selected 51 X 7:7'4

Print view 4 Relation view c Propose table structure CJ 5i-.E Add 1 field(s) At End of Table At Beginning of Table After id ‘, I Go

a) SQL statement b) Action :

Browse the data

Edit or change table structure

X

Delete field

El

Set primary key

Set unique

Index

Full Text

Congratulations!-You have created your table! The corresponding SQL command for creating these fields is also displayed. This isn't needed but in time you will start to recognise MySql commands Note that you can use Drop to delete a table or fields.

14


4.3 Inputting data into the table.

Click the tab labeled "Insert" - and another window should appear, like this.

NB' owse (Kull e S SOL , Seatch fl Expoit Impoit ROperation

Field Type Function Null Value id int(11)

name varchar(20) v Ahmad

address varchar(50) Taman Kemawan

age int(3) v 21

Now type in the details for each of the fields for this record. The "id" column was set to automatically increment so you do not need to enter a number.

Note - if you ever get lost with phpMyAdmin navigation click "Home" in the left hand nav bar and start again.

Now click Save and the record is saved to the lecturer table. The previous window reappears with the SQL command for the insert. You can keep adding recordsby re-selecting Insert". For multiple records, you can select the "Insert another new row" radio button on the input form.

When you've finished entering several records into the table, you can check them by clicking on the Browse tab. You can click on individual records for editing or deleting.

4.4 Browse data for each table

Click the tab labeled "Browse" to view all record in table.

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in horizontal mode and repeat headers after 100 cells

Sort by key: N on e

+ Options

iJ name a ■ I ■ liess age

X 3 Mohd Lezam Lehat Taman Kernawan 18

X 4 Ahrnad Jementah 28

L Check All / Uncheck All With selected X. E.

I Show:

30 row(s) starting from record # 0

in horizontal

mode and repeat headers after 100 cells

15


4.5 SQL

We can use phpMyAdmin's Structure sub-page in Database view, or we can use the SQL query box to enter the appropriate statement:

Browse 6 Stiuctui e sk7 SOL Search 5.dnseit[Export r impou RO I) ei

Rim SOL finely pieties on database (lbstudent:

Bookmark this SQL query: ❑ Let every user access this bookmark ❑ R

[ Delimiter Show this query here again

4.6 Search

Click the tab labeled "Search" to find record in your table. Put some value into related field and click go to make a searching.

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Do .1 "query by example iwildt..11.1.

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Value

id int(11) ,...

name varchar(20) latinl_swedish_ci LIKE v

address varchar(50) latinl_swedish_ci LIKE v

age int(3) . ...

+ Options

Go

16


4.7 Backup your data

- Click on your database name in the left hand navigation bar

- Click on EXPORT (top tab) - Highlight the table/s you want to back up and choose SQL - Select STRUCTURE and DATA radio button

- Select "Enclose table and field names with backquotes" - Select "Save as file" and "zipped" check boxes - Click "Go" and a zipped archive file will be generated.

Snndw e ,r4 SOL Search LOOrieiy Imp oil utDesignei p. Op e ations ^Privileges X Drop

- View dump (schema) of ilatahasr

Exploit Options

Select All I Unselect All ectur0

❑ Disable foreign key checks

SOL compatibility mode NONE O

- O StiuLtioe CodeGen

DA.dd DROP TABLE / VIEW / PROCEDURE / FUNCTION / EVENT CSV ['Add IF NOT EXISTS

Er AUTO_INCREMENT value CSV for MS Excel

❑ Enclose table and field names with backquotes

Microsoft Excel 2000 ❑ Add CREATE PROCEDURE / FUNCTION / EVENT

If you want to insert your table or database in web server, click the tab labeled "Import" and browse you file. Usually we use SQL file to generate the record.

[5 Sri acne e ,C7 SOL Search Xri Exton nir 'introit 'i'ir;Designer ROperations sm Privileges X, Di op

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Location of the text file I Browse, I (Max . 65,536 haB)

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Imported file compression will be automatically detected from None, gzip, zip

Partial i1111,01i

E Allow the interruption of an import in case the script detects it is close to the PHP timeout limit- This might be good way to import large files, however it can break transactions.

Number of records (queries) to skip from start 0

-Format of fin roiled file

)

DocSQL Opti

:, SOL [SOL compatibility mode

NONE

Go

Add custom comment into header (In splits lines)

Comments Ei Enclose export in a transaction

17

-Login Information

User name Use text field .

Host: Use text field:

Password: Use text field:

Re-type:

Generate Password: IL. Generate 11 Copy


4.8 Privileges

MySQL provides privileges that apply in different contexts and at different levels of operation:

• Administrative privileges enable users to manage operation of the MySQL server.

• Database privileges apply to a database and to all objects within it. These privileges can be granted for specific databases, or globally so that they apply to all databases.

• Privileges for database objects such as tables, indexes, views, and stored routines can be granted for specific objects within a database, for all objects of a given type within a database

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Add a new User

-Database for riser

None Create database with same name and grant all privileges

.::) Grant all privileges on wildcard name (username12/0)

1;1011.11 pi ivileges tCheck All l_litcheck All)

Note; AdySOL psi wite9e names are expressed in English

Ad irrinistartio Resource -Data Structure

❑ SELECT ❑ CREATE ❑ GRANT Note:Setitat

❑ INSERT ❑ ALTER ❑ SUPER

❑ UPDATE ❑ INDEX ❑ PROCESS MAX QUER:

❑ DELETE ❑ DROP ❑ RELOAD MAX UPDA7

❑ FILE ❑ CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES ❑ SHUTDOWN MAX CONNI

ri cunm 77TVW runm nftrhoncec

References :

http://www.mysql.com/

18

complaints

C complaintlD


Exercise:

You are given a task to develop complaint management system for ICT department. Based on the following information develop database named ' dbComplainrusing MySQL.

a)Staff(staffID,name,room,department) b)Complaints (complaintID,staffID,data,detail,category,location) c)Executants(executeID,complaintID, adminlD, status, dateAssign, dateComplete) d)Admin(adminID,staffID,level,usernanne,password)

19

Tutorial: PHP application Module Prepared by : Mohd Lezam Lehat (Bsc.Comp, Msc.IT)


1) Create database connection :

Type of Database connection :

a)mysql_connect - connect duration the script access the db.

b) mysql_pconnect - persistence connection - only call int once for the session

c)mssql_connect - MSSQL server

d) PHP data Objects (PDO) - PHP 5.1 -access multiple database(Informix,Oracle,ODBC,DB2,MSSQL, Sybase, PostgresSQL etc)

Code :

<?php

//connection to mySQL $host="localhost"; $username="root"; $password="";

$link = mysql_connect(Shost,$username,$password)or die("Could not connect"); //connection to database

$db = mysql_select_db("dbDirektori", $link)or die("Could not select database");

Connect.php

2) Create simple menu :

MENU

add

view

3

<html> <head>

<title>Menu</title>

</head>

<body> <p>MENU</p> <p><a href="addform.html">add</a></p>

<A><a hrr="yjew.php">view </a></p>

</ solory4>4‘ "' I- 2 " C9-41r h • th > reo' Ch

</html>

txtN am e

txtAddress

txtTel

NAME 1

ADDRESS

TEL

Submit I


Code :

menu.html

3) Create form to add data

Code :

<form action="add.php" method="post"> <table width="212" border="1" bordercolor="#000000">

<tr> <td width="75"><strong>NAME</strong></td> <td width="121"> <input name="txtName" type="text" ></td>

</tr>

<tr> <td><strong>ADDRESS</strong></td> <td> <input nanne="txtAddress" type="text" ></td>

</tr>

<tr> <td><strong>TEL</strong></td> <td> <input name="txtTel" type="text" ></td>

</tr>

<tr> <td colspan="2"><div align="center"> <input type="submit" name="Submit" value="Submit">

</div></td> </tr> </table>

e

114eRttitrn't

0, da-Cevm .kt '

4


3.1) Action for add data

Code :

<?php include 'db_connect.php';

//assign textbox to variable $add_name=$_POST[txtNamel; $add_address=$_POST['txtAddress']; $add_tel=$_POSTrtxtTell;

//insert data $result = mysql_query("INSERT INTO tblPembekal(name,address,tel) VALUES

( 1 $add_name','$add_addressl,'$add_ter)" );

//checking either success or not if ($result)

echo " Add Successfully ! <a href='menu.html'> back to menu </a>"; else

echo "Problem occured !"; ?>

add.php

4) View Data

back to Menu

12 =mar s e Ramat 082131233 edit delete

11 lezarn 1517 078762812 edit delete

5


Code :

<?php

//Connection to database include 'db_connect.php';

$result = mysql_query("Select * from tblPembekal order by name Asc",$link) or die("Database

Error");

?>

<p>back to <a href="menu.html">Menu</a></p>

<table width="493" border="1">

<?php

//data looping while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_BOTH)){ ?>

<tr>

<td><?php echo $rowric11;?></td>

<td><?php echo $row[Inamel;?></td>

<td><?php echo $rowraddressT,?></td>

<td><?php echo $row['tel'];?></td>

<td><div align="center"><a href="view_edit.php?user_id=<?php print

($rowrid1);?>">edit</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="delete.php?user_id=<?php print ($row['id']);?>">delete

</a></div></td>

</tr>

<?php } ?> //close loop </table>

view.php

4.1) view form to edit Data

ID 11 41

NAME iezam .41 ' f

ADDRESS 1517 If.

TEL 07812312321 41 i

Submit

txtld

txtName

txtAddress

txtTel

6


Code :

<form action="edit.php" method="post"> <?php

include 'db_connect.php';

//view selected id Sedit_id=$_GET['user_idl];

$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM tblPembekal WHERE id='$edit_ic" );

? >

<table width="212" border="1">

<?php while ( $user = mysql_fetch_array( $result ))

$id=$user['id'];

$name=$user['name'];

$address= $user['address'];

$tel= $userftell;

?>

<tr>

<td width="75"><strong>ID</strong></td>

<td width="121"> <input name="txtld" type="text" value="<?php echo $id ?>"></td> </tr>

<tr>

<td><strong>NAM E</strong></td>

<td> <input name="txtName" type="text" value="<?php echo $name ?>"></td> </tr>

<tr>

<td><strong>ADDRESS</strong></td>

<td> <input name="txtAddress" type="text" value="<?php echo $address ?>"></td> </tr>

<tr>

<td><strong>TEL</strong></td>

<td> <input name="txtTel" type="text" value="<?php echo $tel ?>"></td> </tr> <tr>

<td colspan="2"><div align="center"> <input type="submit" name="Submit" value="Submit"> </div></td>

</tr>

</table>

</form>

view_edit.php

7


4.2) Action for edit data

Code :

<?php

include 'db_connect.php'; //assign textbox to variable

$edit_id=$_POST['txtld'];

$edit_name=$_POST['txtNamel

$edit_address=$_POST['txtAddress'];

$ed it_tel=$_POST['txtTel'];

//Update data $result = mysql_query("Update tblPembekal set name='$edit_nanne',address=l$edit_address',tel='$edit_ter where id='$edit_id" );

if ($result) echo " Updated Successfully ! <a href='view.php'> back to view </a>";

else echo "Problem occured !";

?>

edit.php

5) Delete data

Code :

<?php include 'db_connect.php';

//delete data

$delete_id=$_GETruser_in $result = mysql_query("DELETE FROM tblPembekal WHERE id='$delete_id" );

if ($result) echo " Delete Successfully ! <a href='view.php'> back to view </a>";

else echo "Problem occured !";

?>

edit.php

8


6) Search form

txtSearch I Search

Code :

<form name="forml" method="post" action="search_action.php"> <input name="txtSearch" type="text" id="txtSearch"> <input type="submit" name="Submit" value="Search">

</form>

search.php

6.1) Action for search data

back to Menu

12 ammar segamat 082131233

Code :

<?php

//Connection to database include 'db_connect.php';

$search=S_REQUEST["txtSearch"];

$result = mysql_query("Select * from tblPembekal WHERE name LIKE '$search' order by name Asc",Slink) or die("Database Error"); ?>

<p>back to <a href="menu.html">Menu</a></p> <table width="493" border="1"> <?php

//looping

while($row = mysql_fetch_array(Sresult, MYSQL_BOTH)){ ?> <tr>

<td><?php echo $row['id'];?></td> <td><?php echo Srow[Inamel?></td> <td><?php echo $row['address'];?></td> <td><?php echo $row['tel'];?></td>

</tr>

<?php // close loop

}?> </table>

Search_action.php

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TENTATIF PROGRAM

TAJUK : Bengkel Explorasi PHP dan MySQL TARIKH : 28-29 JANUAR! 2012 TEMPAT : MAKMAL KOMPUTER SL, UiTM KAMPUS SEGAMAT

Tallith Masa AktIvIti

SABTU

28 Jan 2012

5.00 ptq

8.00 pagi Pendaftaran

8.30 pagi MySQL Basic

- Intro - CREATE database, table - INSERT and SELECT

10.00 pagi Rehat

10.30 pagi MySQL Basic(samb) - Update and DELETE - phpMyAdmin

12.30 tgh Rehat & Solat

2.00 ptg

PHP Editor - WYSIWYG editor

PHP Basic - Intro - PHP Syntax, Operator &

conditional statement. PHP Basic (samb)

- Looping - Function

Bersurai 8.00 pagi Pendaftaran

8.30 pagi PHP Basic (samb)

- Form handling - Session and cookies

10.00 pagi Rehat

29 Jan 2012

10.30 pagi view data.

. PHP Applica t ion on - Simple Menu, add and

12.30 tgh Rehat 8, Solat

2.00 ptg

PHP Application(samb) - Delete and search - Project / Tips

5.00 ptq Bersurai

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