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Basic Research on Lifelong Learning: Recent Survey Findings and
Reflections on ‘Capturing’ Informal Learning
Keynote presentation to "Research methods in informal and mobile learning:
How to get the data we really want"
Workshop, Work-Based Learning for Education Centre, Institute of Education, University of London,
Friday 14 December, 2007
D. W. LIVINGSTONECanada Research Chair in Lifelong Learning and Work,
Head, Centre for the Study of Education and Work, Director, WALL Research Network
OISE/UT, University of Toronto
The Centre for the Study of Education and Work (CSEW) brings together academics, labour educators and community partners to understand and enrich the often undervalued informal and formal learning of working people.
The CSEW develops research and teaching programs on learning and work. It promotes policy initiatives and public events connected to both the paid and unpaid workplace, in traditional and new media for learningwww.learningwork.ca
The Centre for the Study of Education and Work
Slide 2
WALL SURVEYChanging Nature of Work and Lifelong
Learning
• Canadian Research Network established by SSHRC under Collaborative Research Initiatives on the “New Economy” www.wallnetwork.ca
• Includes 2004 national survey of 9,063 randomly selected respondents over 18 on many issues of working conditions and adult learning
• Study Builds on research completed by New Approaches to Lifelong Learning Research Network www.nall.ca
This survey was conducted as part of the “The Changing Nature of Work and Lifelong Learning in the New Economy: National and Case Study Perspectives”, a research network (www.wallnetwork.ca) supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada from 2003 to 2007.
Slide 3
WALL CASE STUDIESChanging Nature of Work and Lifelong Learning
• Organizational Change and Worker Learning in Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals [Paul Bélanger]
• Skill Acquisition and Labour Market Experience of At-Risk Workers in Steel, Light Manufacturing and Nursing Homes [Anil Verma & Jorge Garcia-Orgales]
• Technological Change and Worker Learning in the Public Sector [Peter H. Sawchuk]
• The Effects of Changing Working Conditions and Government Policy on Canadian Teachers' Formal and Informal Learning Practices [Harry Smaller, R. Clark & D. W. Livingstone]
• Doing Disability at the Bank: Discovering the Work and Informal Learning/Teaching Done by Disabled Bank Employees [Kathryn Church, M. Panitch, & C. Frazee]
• Women's Alternative and Informal Learning Pathways to Jobs in Information Technology [Jen Liptrot & Shauna Butterwick]
• Immigrant Workers Learning to Labour in Canada: Rights and Organizing Strategies [Eric Shragge]
• Housework and Care Work: Sites for Lifelong Learning [Margrit Eichler]
• The Informal Learning of Volunteer Workers [Daniel Schugurensky]
• The School-to-Work Youth Transition Process [Alison Taylor, S. Clifford & D.W. Livingstone]
• Critical Transitions Between Work and Learning Projects throughout the Life Course [Pierre Doray and Paul Bélanger]
• Labour Education: Action Research from an Equality Perspective [Nancy Jackson and Winnie Ng]
Slide 4
Taken adult education past year*
(%)
Done Informal learning (%)
Year 1998 2004 1998 2004
No Diploma 18 23 81 80
HS Diploma 53 48 97 94
College 58 52 97 96
University 70 63 99 96
TOTAL (%) 43 45 92 91
Sources: NALL Survey, 1998; WALL Survey, 2004. * Including current students.
Formal Educational Attainment by Adult Education Courses and Informal
Learning
Slide 5
Sources: NALL Survey, 1998; WALL Survey, 2004. * Including current students.
Formal Educational Attainment by Adult Education Courses and Informal
Learning
18
53
58
70
43
81
97 9799
92
23
4852
63
45
80
9496 96
91
0
25
50
75
100
No Diploma HS Diploma College University TOTAL (%) No Diploma HS Diploma College University TOTAL (%)
[%] 1998 [%] 2004
Taken adult education past year* (%)
Done Informal learning (%)
Slide 6
Taken Further Education Course in
Past Year
Do Any Informal Learning
Avg. Hours Informal Learning /
Week*1998 2004 1998 2004 1998 2004
Age % % % % Hours Hours18-24
67 65 99 95 23 17
25-34
53 55 94 96 17 16
35-44
55 51 97 95 17 13
45-54
46 48 94 94 15 13
55-64
25 34 84 88 12 12
65+ 10 15 79 77 12 13Total 44 45 92 91 16 14N 1533 8772 1538 8772 1422 7348
* Average hours exclude those reporting no informal
learning.
Age by Participation in Further Education
and Informal Learning
Sources: NALL Survey, 1998; WALL Survey, 2004.
Slide 7
Age by Any Informal Learning
Sources: NALL Survey, 1998; WALL Survey, 2004.
9994 97 94
8479
9296 95 94
88
77
9195
0
25
50
75
100
18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Total
[%] 1998 [%] 2004
Slide 8
Topics of Job-related Informal Learning, Employed Labour Force Participating in Informal Learning,
1998-2004
Sources: NALL Survey, 1998; WALL Survey, 2004.
19
31
32
42
43
58
56
55
56
55
62
38
52
55
61
63
63
71
43
0 20 40 60 80
Language and Literacy
Budgeting or Financial Management
Politics in the Workplace
Organisational or Managerial Skills
Employment Conditions
New Equipment
Health and Safety
Computers
New Job Tasks
Teamwork, Problem Solving
New General Knowledge
1998
2004
Slide 9
Housework-Related Informal Learning Topics, Eligible Participants*, 1998-2004
Sources: NALL Survey, 1998; WALL Survey, 2004.
43
32
37
45
50
48
39
42
43
51
57
60
0 20 40 60 80
Cleaning
Child- or Eldercare
Home Budgeting
Home Maintenance
Cooking
Home Renovations & Gardening
1998
2004
Slide 10
Volunteer Work-Related Informal Learning Topics, Eligible Participants*, 1998-2004
Sources: NALL Survey, 1998; WALL Survey, 2004.
36
44
59
56
43
51
58
62
0 20 40 60 80
Managerial Skills
Social Issues
CommunicationSkills
InterpersonalSkills
1998
2004
Slide 11
General Interest Informal Learning Topics, All Respondents*, 1998-2004
Sources: NALL Survey, 1998; WALL Survey, 2004.
23
32
38
33
40
43
44
48
47
53
44
63
28
35
40
41
42
49
50
51
55
58
58
74
0 20 40 60 80
Language Skills
Science and Technology
Religion and Spirituality
Intimate Relationships
Cultural Traditions
Sports and Recreation
Computers
Public and Political Issues
Social / Personal Skills
Leisure / Hobby
Finances
Health and Well-Being
1998
2004
Slide 12
References• Livingstone, D.W. (2001). Basic Patterns of Work and
Learning in Canada: Findings of the 1998 NALL Survey of Informal Learning and Related Statistics Canada Surveys. Working Paper 33. www.nall.ca
• Livingstone, D.W. (2004). The Education Jobs Gap: Underemployment or Economic Democracy. (2nd ed.). Toronto: Garamond Press.
• Livingstone, D.W. (2006). Informal learning: Conceptual distinctions and preliminary findings. In Z. Bekerman, N.C. Burbules, & D. Silberman-Keller (Eds.), Learning in places: The informal education reader. (pp. 202-226). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
• Livingstone, D. W. & Sawchuk, P. (2004). Hidden Knowledge: Organized Labour in the Information Age. Toronto: Garamond Press, & Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield.
• Livingstone, D.W., & Scholtz, A. (2006). Work and lifelong learning in Canada: Basic findings of the 2004 WALL survey. Toronto. OISE/UT, CSEW. 80pp. Available at www.wallnetwork.ca.
Slide 13
Contact
D. W. LIVINGSTONE Canada Research Chair in Lifelong Learning and Work,Head, Centre for the Study of Education and Work,Ontario Institute for Studies in Education
of the
University of Toronto