BASIC SCIENCES M.Sc. (CHEMISTRY) - iimtu.com · Physical Chemistry (5th Ed.), I.N. Levine, Tata...

IIMT UNIVERSITY, MEERUT

M.Sc.(CHEMISTRY) - Ist Year Page 1

CURRICULUM

For

POSTGRADUATE DEGREE COURSE IN

BASIC SCIENCES

M.Sc. (CHEMISTRY) (First Year)

[Proposed from 2018-19]

IIMT University, Meerut



Study and Evaluation Scheme

Course: M.Sc. Chemistry

(Two Year Course)

Semester I

S.No. Course

Code

Subject Periods Credit Evaluation Scheme

L T P Internal External Total

1. MSC-101 Inorganic Chemistry - I 4 1 - 4 30 70 100

2. MSC-102 Organic Chemistry - I 4 1 - 4 30 70 100

3. MSC-103 Physical Chemistry – I 4 1 - 4 30 70 100

4. MSC-104 Computer for Chemists 4 1 - 4 30 70 100

5. MSC-105 Mathematics for

Chemists* OR Biology for

Chemists*

50

Qualifying

Only (40%)

6. MSC-111P Chemistry Lab – I

(Inorganic, Organic,

Physical Chemistry)

- - 3 2 50 50 100

6. ECC-

111/112/113

/

Skill Enhancement - - - 100 - 100

Total 16 4 4 16 270 330 650



Study and Evaluation Scheme

Course: M.Sc. Chemistry

(Two Year Course)

Semester II S.

NO.

COURSE

CODE

SUBJECT EVALUATION SCHEME

L T P INTERNAL EXTERNAL TOTAL 1. MSC-201 INORGANIC

CHEMISTRY - II 4 1 - 4 30 70 100

2. MSC-202 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - II

4 1 - 4 30 70 100

3. MSC-203 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – II

4 1 - 4 30 70 100

4. MSC-204 GROUP THEORY, SPECTROSCOPY & SOLID STATES

4 1 - 4 30 70 100

5. MSC-211P CHEMISTRY LAB – II(INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY)

- - 3 2 50 50 100

6 ECC-

211/212/213/214

SKILL

ENHANCEMENT

100 100

TOTAL 16 4 4 16 270 330 600


4

M.Sc. Chemistry I Year: I Semester

Inorganic Chemistry – I

Course Code MSC-101 L T P

4 1 0

1. Stereochemistry and bonding in main group compounds 12 Hrs.

VSEPR, Walsh diagrams (tri atomic molecules), dπ – Pπ bonds, Bent rule and energetics of hybridization,

some simple reactions of covalently bonded molecules.

2. Metal – Ligand Equilibria in solution 8 Hrs.

Stepwise and overall formation of constants and their interaction, rends in stepwise constants, factors affecting the stability of metal complexes with reference to the nature of metal ion and ligand, chelate

effect and its thermodynamic origin, determination of binary formation constants by pH-metry and spectrophotometry.

3. Reaction Mechanism of Transition metal complexes 24 Hrs.

Energy profile of a reaction, reactivity of metal complexes, inert and labile complexes, kinetic application

of valence bond and crystal field theories.

Kinetics of substitution reactions:- Acid hydrolysis, factora affecting acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis,

conjugate base mechanism, direct and indirect evidences in favour of conjugate mechanism, anationreactins, reactions without Metal-ligand bond cleavage. Substitution reaction in square planar

complexes, the trans effect, mechanism of the substitution reaction.

Redox reactions (electron transfer reactions): Mechanism of one electron transfer reactins [such as Henry Taube’s classical retain of (NH3)5Co3+-Cr2+, Inner sphere type reactions]. Outer sphere type

reactions (cross reactions) and Marcus hush theory (No mathematical treatment).

4. Metal Ligand bonding 16 Hrs.

Adjusted CFT, limitations of crystal field theory.Octahedral, tetrahedral and square planar complexes.

Books Suggested:

1. Structural Inorganic Chemistry, A.F. Wells 2. Concise Inorganic Chemistry, J.D. Lee, Elbs with Chapman and Hall, London.

3.Theoretical Inorganic Chmeistry, M.C. Day and J.Selbin, reinhold, EWAP. 4. Elementary Coordination Chemisrty, Jones

5. Coordination Chemistry, Martell

6. Organometallic Chemistry, T.S. Swain and D.S.T. Black. 7. Structure and Properties of Materials, Vol. 4, Electronic Properties, John Wulff, Wiley Eastern.

8.Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, F.A. Cotton and R.G. Wilkinson. 9. Atomic Structure and chemical Bonding, ManasChanda.

10. Organometallic Chemistry, P.L.Pauson.


5

M.Sc. Chemistry I Year: I Semester Organic Chemistry – I

s


4 1 0

1. Nature of bonding in organic molecules 10 Hrs.

Delaocalised chemical bonding, Conjugation, hyper conjugation, bonding in fullerenes, tautomerism,

Aromaticity in benzenoid and non benjenoid compounds, alternant and non-alternant hydrocarbons,

Huckels’s rule, energy levels of n molecular orbitals, annulenes, antiaromaticity, w-aromaticity, homo-

aromaticity, PMO approach. Bond weaker than covalent – addition compounds, crown ether complexes

and cryptands, inclusion compounds, cyclodextrins, catenanes and rotaxanes.

2. Stereochemistry 15 Hrs.

Conformational analysis of cycloalkanes, decalins, effect of conformation on reactivity, conformation of

sugars, steric strain due to unavoidable crowding.Elements of symmetry, chirality, molecules with more

than one chiral center, thero and erythro isomers, methods of resolution, optical purity.Enantiotopic and

diastereotoic atoms, groups and faces.Stereospecific and stereoselective synthesis; Asymmetric

synthesis.Optical activity in the absence of chiral carbon (biphenyls, allenes and spiranes), chirality due to

helical shape.Stereochemistry of the compounds containing Nitrogen, Sulphur and Phosphorous.

3. Reaction mechanism: Structure and Reactivity 15 Hrs. Types of mechanisms, types of reactions, thermodynamic and kinetic requirements, kinetic and

thermodynamic control, Hammond’s postulate, Curtin – Hammet principle. Potential energy diagrams,

transition states and intermediates, methods of determining mechanisms, isotope effects.Hard and soft

acids and bases.Generation, structure, stability and reactivity of carbocations, carbanios, free radicals,

carbenes and nitrenes.

Effect of structure on reactivity – resonance and field effects, steric effects, quantitative treatment. The

hammet equation and Linear free energy relationship, subtituent and reaction constants, Taft equation.

4. Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution 15 Hrs Nucleophilic substitution at saturated carbon – SN1, SN2 and related mechanisms; Parameters

influencing reaction rates; The Neighboring group mechanism, neighbouring group participation by π and

σ bonds; Anchimeric assistance;

Classical and nonclassicalcarbocations, Phenonium ions, nonbornul system, common carbocation

rearrangements, Application of NNMR spectroscopy in the detection of carbocations.

The SNi mechanism, Nucleophic substitution at an allylic, aliphatic trigonal and a vinylic

carbon.Reactivity effects of substrate structure, attacking nucleophile, leaving group and reaction

medium. Phase transfer catalysis and ultrasound, ambident nucleophile, regiioselectivity.

5. Aliphatic Electrophilic Substitution 5 Hrs.

Bimolecular mechanisms – SE2 and SE1. The SE1 mechanism, electrophicisubstitutin accompanied by

double bond shifts. Effect of substrates, leaving group and the solvent polarity on the reactivity.

Books Suggested:

1. Organic Chemistry, Vol. I &Vol. II, I.L.Finar, Longman.

2. Advanced Organic Chemistry, 2ndEdition, R.R. Carey and R.J.Sundberg.

3. Comprehensive Organic Chemistry, Barton and Ollis, Pargamaon.

4. Organic Reactions, Various volumes, R. Adams.

5. Modern synthetic Reactions, H.O. House, Benjamin.


6

M.Sc. Chemistry IYear:I Semester Physical Chemistry – I


4 1 0

A. Thermodynamics 30 Hrs.

1. Classical Thermodynamics

Brief resume of concepts of laws of thermodynamics, free energy, chemical potential and entropies.Partial

molar properties, partial molar free energy, parial molar volume and partial molar heat content and their

significances.Determinations of these quantities.Concept of fugacity and determination of fugacity.

2. Statistical Thermodynamics

Concept of distribution, thermodynamic probalility and most probable distribution. Ensemble averaging,

postulates of ensemble averaging. Canonical, grand canonical and micro canonical ensembles,

corresponding distribution laws (using Lgrange’s method of undetermined multipliers).

Partition functions – translational, rotational, vibrational and electronic partition functions, calculation of

thermodynamic properties in terms of party functions. Applications of partition functions.

Heat capacity behavior of solids – chemical equilibria and equilibrium constants in terms of partition

functions, Fermi – dirac statistics, distribution law and applications to metal. Bose Einstein statistics

distribution law and application to helium.

3. Non Equilibrium Thermodynamics

Thermodynamic criteria for non equilibrium states, entropy production and entropy flow, entropy balance

equations for different irreversible processes (e.g., heat flow, chemical reaction etc.) transformations of

the generalized fluxes and force, non equilibrium stationary states, phenomological equations,

microscopic reversibility.

B. Quantum chemistry 30 Hrs.

1. Introduction to Exact Quantum Mechanical Results

The Schrodinger equation and the postulates of quantum mechanics.Discussion of solutions of the

Schrodinger equation to some model systems viz., particle in a box, the harmonic oscillator, the rigid

rotor, the hydrogen atom.

2. Approximate Methods

The variation theorem, linear variation principle, Perturbation theory (first order and non-

degenerate).Applications of variation method and perturbation theory to the Helium atom.

3. Angular Momentum

Ordinary angular momentum, generalized angular momentum, eigen functions for angular momentum,

eigrn values of angular momentum, operator using ladder operators. Addition of angular momenta, spin,

anti symmetry and pauli’s exclusion principle.

4. Electronic Structure of Atoms

Electronic configuration, Russell –Saunders terms and coupling schemes, Slater – condon parameters,

term separation energies of the Pn configuration, term separation energies for the dnconfigurations,

magnetic effects: spin – orbit coupling and Zeeman splitting, introduction to the methods of self

consistent field, the virial theorem.

5. Molecular Orbital theory


7

Huckel theory of conjugated systems, bond order and charge density calculations. Applications to

ethylene, butadiene, cyclopropenyl radical, cyclobutadiene etc.Introduction to extended Huckel theory.

Books Suggested:

1. Advanced physical Chemistry, S. N. Blinder, The Macmilan Company.

2. Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes, IilaPrigofine.

3. Thermodynamics, R.C. Srivatsava, S. Saha and A.K. Jain,Prentice-Hall, India

4. Physical Chemistry, P.W. Atkins, ELBS.

5. Kinetics and Mechanism of Chemical Transformations, J. Rajaraman and J. Kuriacose, McMillan.

6. Micelles, Theoretical and Applied Aspects, V. Moroi, Plenum.

7. Modern Electrochemistry Vol. I & II, J.O.M. Bockris and A.K.N. Reddy, Plenum

8. Physical Chemistry (5th Ed.), I.N. Levine, Tata McGraw Hill Pub. Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

9. Introduction to Quantum Chemistry, AK Chandra, Tata McGraw Hill.

10. Quantum Chemistry, Ira N Levine, Prentice Hall.

11. Chemical Kinetics, K.J. Laidler, McGraw Hill.


8

M.Sc. Chemistry I Year: I Semester Computers for Chemists


4 1 0

This is a theory cum Laboratory course with more emphasis on laboratory work.

1. Introduction to Computers and Computing 8Hrs. Basic structure and functioning of computers with a PC as an illustrative example.Memory, I/O devices.Secondary storage, Computer languages.Operating systems with DOS as an example.Introduction

to UNIX and Windows.Data processing, principles of programming. Algorithms and flow-charts.

2. Computer Programming in FORTRAN/C/BASIC 12Hrs. The language features are listed here with reference to FORTRAN. The instructor may choose another language such as BASIC or C and the feature may be replaced appropriately. Elements of the computer language.Constants and variables.Operations and symbols.Expression.Arithmatic assignment statement input and output. Formatstatement.Termination statements. Branching statements such as IF or GO TO statement. LOGICAL variables, double Precision variables.Subscripted variables and DIMENSIONS. DO statements, FUNCTION and SUBROUTINE. COMMON and DATA statements. Decision control structure, case control structure, functions, introduction on arrays, programmes based on

above.

3. Progamming in Chemistry 15 Hrs. Development of small computer course involving simple formula in chemistry such as Vander Waal’s equation, pHtitration, kinetics, radioactive decay.Evaluation of lattice energy and ionic radii from experimental data.Linear simultaneous equations to solve secular equation with in the Huckel Theory. Elementary structural features such as bond lengths, bond angles, dihedral angles etc. of molecule extracted from a data base such as Cambridge database.

4. Use of Computer Programmes 25Hrs.

Execution of linear regression, X-V Plot, numerical integration and differentiation as well as differential equation solution programmes. Monte-Carlo and molecular dynamics.Introduction to MS Office (MS Word, MS Excel, MS Power Point). Lab sessions based on MS Office package, Introduction to Internet Explorer. Books Suggested:

1. Computers and Common Sense, R. Hunt and J. Shelly, Prentice Hall. 2. Fortran 77, V. Rajaraman, Prentice Hall (India), New Delhi. 3. Computational Chemistry, A.C. Norris. 4. Schaum’s Outline Series – Theory and Problems of Programming with Fortran Including structured Fortran, S. Lipschutz and A. Poe, McGraw Hill Book Company, Singapore. 5. Computers in Chemistry, K. V. Raman, Tata McGraw Hill (1993).


9

M.Sc. Chemistry I Year: I Semester Biology for Chemists


1. Cell structure and Functions 5Hrs.

Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Intracellular organelles and their functions; Comparison of

plant and animal cells; Overview of metabolic process catabolism and anabolism; ATP – the biological energy currency.

2. Carbohydrates 8Hrs. Conformation of monosaccharide’s; Structure and functions of important derivatives of monosaccharides like glycosides; Deoxy sugars, myoinositol, amino sugars; N aceylmuramic acid, sialic acid and disaccharides polysaccharides, Structural polysaccharides- cellulose and chitin; Storage polysaccharides - starch and glycogen; Ascorbic acid, Carbohydrate metabolism: Kreb’s cycle; Glycolysis, Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis, Pentose

phosphate pathway.

3. Lipids 6Hrs. Fatty acids, Essential fatty acids; Structures and function of triglycerides; Glycerophspholipids; Sphingolipids, Cholesterol, Bile acids, Prostaglandins; Lipoproteins composition and function; Properties of lipid aggregates– micelles, Bilayers, Liposomes and their possible biological functions; Biological members; Fluid mosaic model of membrane structure.

4. Amino acids, Peptides and Proteins 6Hrs.

Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins to peptides, Secondary structure of proteins, forces

responsible for holding secondary structures.-helix, -sheets, super secondary structure, triple helix

structure of collagen. Tertiary structure of protein folding and domain structure, Quaternary structure.

Amino acid metabolism – degradation and biosynthesis of amino acids, sequence determination; chemical

/ enzymatic.Mass spectral, racemization/ detection.

5. Nucleic acids 5Hrs.

Purine and Pyrimidine of nucleic acids and their synthesis; Base pairing via H – bonding; Structure of ribonucleic acids (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA); Double helix model of DNA and forces responsible for holding it; Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of nucleic acids; The chemical basis for heredity, An overview of replication of DNA; Transcription, Translation and genetic code; Chemical synthesis of mono and poly nucleosides. Books Suggested

1. Principles of Biochemistry, A.L.Lehninger, Worth Publishers.

2. Biochemistry, L.Stryer, W.H. Freeman.

3. Biochemistry, J. David Rawn, Neil Patterson.

4. Biochemistry, Voet and Voet, john Wiley.

5. Outlines of Biochemistry, E.E.Connand P.K.Stumpf, John Wiley.


10

M.Sc. Chemistry I Year: I Semester Mathematics for Chemists


1. Vectors 5Hrs.

Vectors, dot, cross and triple products etc. the gradient, divergence and curl vector calculus, Gauss’

theorem, divergence theorem etc.

2. Matrix Algebra 5Hrs.

Addition and multiplication, inverse, adjoint and transpose of matrices, special matrices (Symmetric,

skew-symmetric, hermitian, skew-Hermitian, unit, diagonal, unitary etc.) and their properties. Matrix

equations: Homogeneous, non – homogeneous linear equations and conditions for the solutions, linear

dependence and independence.

Introduction to vector spaces, matrix eigenvalues and eigenvecors, diagonalization determinants

(examples from Huckel theory).

Introdcution to tensors; polarizability and magnetic susceptibility as examples.

3. Differential Calculus 10Hrs.

Functions, continuity and differentiability, rules for differentiation, applications of differential calculus

including maxima and minima (examples rerlated to maximally populated rotational energy levels, Bohr’s

radius and most probable velocity from Maxwell’s distribution etc.) exact and inexact differentials with

their applications to thermodynamic properties.

Integral calculus, basic rules for integration, integration by parts, partial fraction and

substitution.Reduction formulae, applications of integral calculus.

Functions of several variables, partial differentiation, co-ordinate transformations (e.g. Cartesian to

spherical polar), curve sketching.

4. Elementary Differential Equations 7 Hrs.

Variable separable and exact first order differential equations, homogeneous, exact and linear equations.

Applications to chemical kinetics, secular equilibria, quantum chemistry etc., Solutions of differential

equations by the power series method, Fourier series, solutions of harmonic oscillators and Legendre

equation etc., spherical harmonics, second order differential equations and their solutions.

5. Permutation and Probability 3Hrs.

Permutations and combinations, probability and probability theorems, probability curves, average, root

mean square and most probable errors, examples from the kinetic theory of gases etc., curve fitting

(including least squares fit etc.) with a general polynomial fit.

Books Suggested:

1. The Chemistry Mathematics Books, E. Steiner, Oxford University Press.

2. Mathematics for Chemistry, Doggett and Sucliffe,Longman.

3. Mathematical preparation for Physical Chemistry, F. Daniels,McGraw Hill.

4. Chemical Mathematics, D. M. Hirst,Longman.

5. Applied Mathematics for Physical Chemistry, J. P. Barrante,Prentice Hall.

6. Basic Mathematics for Chemists, Tebbutt, Wiley.


11

M.Sc. Chemistry I Year: I Semester

Chemistry Lab – I

Course Code MSC-111P L T P

0 0 3

Inorganic Chemistry

1. To analyse the mixtures of two components.

2. To analyse the mixture of three components.

3. To prepare Hexa-ammine (II) chloride

4. To Prepare Potassium dioxolatoCuprate (II) dehydrate

5. To prepare Potassium Trioxolato Chromate (III)

6. To prepare Tetra ammine Cupric sulphate

7. T prepare sodium ferric oxalate

8. To prepare crystals of PotasssiumTris Oxalate laminate (III)

Organic Chemistry

1. To identify the given organic compound and prepare its derivative.

2. To analyse the give organic mixture (water Separation).

3. Single step preparations:

a. Hydrolysis

b. Bromination

c. Nitration

d. Oxime formation

e. Reduction

f. Hoffmann Bromide reaction

g. Benzoin Condensation reaction

Physical Chemistry

1. To find out the strength of the given HCl solution by titrating it against N/10 NaOH using pH

meter.

2. To find out the strength of the given CH3COOH solution ny titrating it against N/10 NaOH using

pH meter.

3. To find out the strength of HCl and CH3COOH in a mixture of both by titrating it against N/10

NaOH using pH meter.

4. To determine the solubility of a give salt at room temperature and also draw its solubility curve.

5. To find out the heat of solution of oxalic acid by solubility method.

6. To standardize the give KMnO4 solution by titrating it against Standard Ferrous Ammonium

Sulphate solution.

7. Books Suggested:

1. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, revised, svehla, Orient Longman.

2. Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis (revised), J. Bassett, R.C. Denney, G.H.

Jeffery and J. Mendham, ELBS.

3. Experimental Inorganic Chemistry, W.G. Palmer, Cambridge.

4. Laboratory Manuel in Organic Chemistry, R.K. Bansal, Wiley Eastern.

5. Experiments in General Chemistry, C.N.R. Rao and U.C. Agarwal, East-West Press.

6. Experiments in Physical Chemistry, R.C. Dass and D. Behra, Tata McGraw Hill.

7. Experiments in Physical Chemistry, J.C. Ghosh, BhartiBhavan.

8. Practical Organic Chemistry, F.G. Mann and B.C. Saunders, Pearson Education.


12

M.Sc. Chemistry I Year: II Semester Inorganic Chemistry – II


4 1 0

1. Electronic Spectra and Magnetic Transition Metal Complexes 22Hrs.

Spectroscopic ground states, correlation, Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams for transition metal

complexes (d1-d9 states), calculations of Dq, B and parameters, charge transfer spectra, spectroscopic method of assignment of absolute configuration in optically active metal chelates and their stereochemical information, anomalous magnetic moments, magnetic exchange coupling and spin crossover.

2. Metal π Complexes 18Hrs. Metal carbonyls, structure and bonding, vibrational spectra of metal carbonyls for bonding and structural

eluciadation, important reactions of metal carbonyls, preparation, bonding. Structure and important reactions of

transition metal nitrosyl, dinitrogen and dioxygen complexes, tertiary phosphine as Ligand.

3. Metal clusters 12Hrs. Higher bornes, carboranes, metalloboranes and metallocarboranes .Metal carbonyl and halide clusters, compounds with metal-metal multiple bonds.

4. Nuclear Chemistry 8Hrs. Radioactive decay & equilibrium. Nuclear Reactions, Q-value cross-sections , types of reactions, Chemical effects of nuclear transformations. Fission & Fusion, Fission products & Fission yields. Radioactive techniques, tracer techniques.

Books Suggested:

1. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, F.A. Cotton and Wilkinson, John Wiley. 2. Inorganic Chemistry, J.E. Huhey, Harpes and Row. 3. Chemistry of the Elements, N.N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw, pergamon. 4. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy, A.B.P. Lever, Elsevier. 5. Magnetochemistry, R.L. Carlin, Springer Verlag. 6. Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry, Eds. G. Wilkinson, R.D. Gillars and J.A. McCleverty, Pergamon.


13

M.Sc. Chemistry I Year: II Semester Organic Chemistry – II

Course Code MSC-

202

L T P

4 1 0

1. Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution 6 Hrs.

The arenium ion mechanism, orientation and reactivity, energy profile diagrams, The ortho/para ratio, ipso attack, orientation in other ring systems. Quantitative treament of reactivity in substrates and electrophiles. Diazonium coupling , Vilsmeir reaction, Gattermann-Koch reation.

2. Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution 5 Hrs. The SNAr, SN1, benzyne and SRN1 mechanisms. Reactivity - effect of substrate structure, leaving group and attacking nucleophile. The von Richter, Sommelet-Hauser, and Smiles Rearrangements,

3. Free Radical Reaction 8 hrs. Types of free radical reactions, free radical substitution mechanism, mechanism at an aromatic substrate, neighbouring group assistance. Reactivity for aliphatic and aromatic substrates at a bridgehead. Reactivity in the attacking radicals. The effect of solvents on reactivity. Allylic halogenations (NBS), oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids, auto-oxidation, coupling of alkynes and arylation of aromatic compounds by diazonium salts. Sandmeyer reaction. Free radical rearrangement. Hunsdiecker reaction

4. Addition to Carbon – Carbon Multiple Bonds 6 Hrs. Mechanistic and stereochemical aspects of addition reactions involving electrophiles, nucleophiles and free radicals,

regio and chemoselectivity, orientation and reactivity. Addition to cyclopropane ring. Hydrogenation of double and

triple bonds, hydrogenation of aromatic rings. Hydroboration, Michael reaction, Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation.

5. Addition to Carbon – Hetero Multiple Bonds 12 Hrs. Mechanism of metal hydride reduction of saturated and unsaturated carbonyl compounds, acids esters and nitriles, Addition of Grignard reagents, organozinc and organolithium reagents to carbonyl and unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Wittig reaction. Mechanism of condensation reactions involving enolates - Aldol , Knoevenagel, Claisen, Mannich, Benzoin, Perkin and Stobbe reactions. Hydrolysis of esters and amides, ammonolysis of esters.

6. Elimination Reactions 5 Hrs. The E2, E1 and E1 CB mechanisms and their spectrum. Orientation of the double bond. Reactivity - effects of substrate structures, attacking base, the leaving group and the medium. Mechanism and orientation in pyrolytic elimination.

7. Pericyclic reactions 18 Hrs. Molecular orbital symmetry, Frontier orbitals of ethylene, 1,3- butadiene, 1,3,5-hexatriene and allyl system. Classification of pericyclic reactions. Woodward-Hoffmann correlation diagrams. FMO and PMO approach. Electrocyclic reactions- conrotatory and disrotatory motions, 4n,4n+2 and allyl systems. Cycloadditions- antarafacial and suprafacial additions, 4n and 4n+2 systems, 2+2 addition of ketenes, 1,3 dipolar cycloadditions and cheleotropic reactions.

Sigmatropic rearrangement, - Suprafacial and antarafacial shifts of H, Sigmatropic shifts involving carbon moieties, 3,3- and 5,5- Sigmatropic rearrangements. Claisen, Cope, Sommelet Hauser Rearrangement, Ene reaction.

Books Suggested:

1. A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Peter Sykes, Orient longman. 2. Organic Reaction Mechanism, R. Breslow, Benjamin. 3. Mechanism and Structure in Organic Chemistry, B.S. Gould, (Holt Reinh). 4. Organic Chemistry, Hendrikson, Cram and Hammond, McGraw Hill. 5. Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry, J.D. Roberts and M.C. Caserio, Benjamin. 6. Organic Reaction Mechanism, R.K. Bansal, McGraw Hill. 7. Organic Chemistry, R.T. Morrison and R.N. Boyd, Prentice Hall. 8. Principle of Organic Synthesis, R.O.C. Norman and J.M. Coxon, ELBS. 9. Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, S.M. Mukharji and S.P. Singh. 10. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, D. Nasipuri.


14

11. Advanced Organic Chemistry, J. March, McGraw Hill. 12. Stereochemistry, P.S. Kalsi, New Age International.


15

M.Sc. Chemistry I Year: II Semester Physical Chemistry – II


4 1 0

1. Chemical Dynamics 20 Hrs.

Methods of determining rate laws, collision theory of reaction rates, steric factor, activated complex theory, Arrhenius equation and the activated complex theory; ionic reactions, kinetic salt effects, steady state kinetics, kinetic and thermodynamic control of reactions, treatment of unimolecular reactions.

Dynamic chain (hydrogen-bromine reaction, pyrolysis of acetaldehyde, decomposition of ethane), photochemical

(hydrogen-bromine and hydrogen-chlorine reactions) and oscillatory reactions (Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction),

homogeneous catalysis, kinetics of enzyme, reactions, general features of fast reactions, study of fast reactions by flow

method; relaxation method, flash photolysis and the nuclear magnetic resonance method. Dynamics of molecular

motions, probing the transition state, dynamics of unimolecular reactions (Lindemann Hinshelwood and Rice-

Ramsperger - Kassel- Marcuss[RRKM] theories of unimolecular reactions.

2. Surface Chemistry Adsorption:

20 Hrs.

Surface tension, capillary action, pressure difference across curved surface (Laplace equation), vapour pressure of droplets (Kelvin equation), Gibbs adsorption isotherm, estimation of surface area (BET equation), Elementary treatment of BET Equation, catalytic activity at surfaces

Micelles: Surface active agents, classification of surface active agents, micellization, hydrophobic interaction, critical micellar concentration (CMC), factors affecting the CMC of surfactants, counter ion binding to micelles, thermodynamics of micellization, solubilization, micro emulsion, reverse micelles.

Macromolecules: Polymer-definition, types of polymers, kinetics of radical polymerization, mechanism of polymerization. Molecular

mass, number and mass average molecular mass, molecular mass determination (Elementary treatment of Osmometry,

Viscometry, Sedimentation and Light scattering methods), chain configuration of macromolecules, calculation of

average dimensions of various chain structures.

3. Electrochemistry 20 Hrs. Electrochemistry of solutions. Debye-Huckel - Onsager treatment and its extension, ion solvent interactions. Debye-Huckel-Jerum mode. Thermodynamics of electrified interface equations. Derivation of electro-capillarity, Lippmann equations (surface excess), methods of determination. Structure of electrified interfaces. Guoy-Chapman, Stern.

Over potentials, exchange current density, derivation of Butler Volmer equation, Tafel plot. Quantum aspects of charge transfer at electrodes-solution interfaces, quantization of charge transfer, tunneling, Semiconductor interfaces-theory of double layer at Semiconductor, electrolyte solution interface, structure of double layer interfaces. Electrocatalysis: influence of various parameters. Hydrogen electrode. Bio-electrochemistry, Polarography theory, Ilkovic equation, half wave potential and its significance. Introduction of corrosion, homogenous theory, forms of corrosion, corrosion monitoring and prevention methods.

Books Suggested:

1. Advanced physical Chemistry, S. N. Blinder, The Macmilan Company. 2. Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes, Iila Prigofine.

3. Thermodynamics, R.C. Srivatsava, S. Saha and A.K. Jain, Prentice-Hall, India 4. Physical Chemistry, P.W. Atkins, ELBS.

5. Kinetics and Mechanism of Chemical Transformations, J. Rajaraman and J. Kuriacose, McMillan.

6. Micelles, Theoretical and Applied Aspects, V. Moroi, Plenum.

7. Modern Electrochemistry Vol. I & II, J.O.M. Bockris and A.K.N. Reddy, Plenum 8. Physical Chemistry (5th Ed.), I.N. Levine, Tata McGraw Hill Pub. Co. Ltd., New Delhi.


16

M.Sc. Chemistry I Year: II Semester

Group Theory, Spectroscopy and Solid State


4 1 0

1. Symmetry and Group Theory in Chemistry 11 Hrs.

Symmetry elements and symmetry operation, definitions of group, subgroup. Conjugacy relation and classes. Point symmetry group. Schonflies. symbols representations of groups by matrices (representaion for the Cn, Cnc, Dnh. Dnh etc. groups to be worked out explicitly). Character of a representation. The great orhtogonality theorem (without proof) and its importance. Character tables and their use; spectroscopy.

2. Unifying principles 5 Hrs. Electromagnetic radiation, interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter: absorption, emission, transmission, reflection, refraction, dispersion, polarisation and scattering. Uncertainty relation and natural line width, and natural line broadening. transition probability, results of time dependent perturbation theory, transition moment, selection rules, intensity of spectral lines, Born-Oppenheimer approximation, rotational, vibrational and electronic energy levels.

3. Vibrational spectroscopy a. Infrared Spectroscopy

12 Hrs.

Review of linear harmonic oscillator, vibrational energies of diatomic molecules, zero point energy, force constant and bond strengths; anharmonicity, Morse potential energy diagram, vibration-rotation spectroscopy. Breakdown of Oppenheimer approximation; vibrations of polyatomic molecules. Selection rules, normal modes of vibration, group frequencies, overtones, hot bands, factors affecting the band positions and intensities, far IR region, metal-ligand vibrations, normal co-ordinate analysis.

b. Raman spectroscopy Classical and quantum theories of Raman effect. Pure rotational, vibrational and Vibrational-rotational Raman Spectra, selection rules, mutual exclusion principle. Resonance Raman spectroscopy, coherent anti stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS).

4. Electronic spectroscopy a. Atomic spectroscopy

10 Hrs.

Energies of atomic orbitals, vector representation of momenta and vector coupling, spectra of hydrogen atom and alkali metal atoms.

b. Molecular Spectroscopy Energy levels, molecular orbitals, vibronic transitions, vibrational progressions and geometry of the excited states, Franck-Condon Principle, electronic spectra of polyatomic molecules, Emission spectra, radiative and non-radiative decay, internal conversion, spectra of transition metal complexes, charge-transfer spectra.

c. Photoelectron spectroscopy Basic principles, photo-electric effect, ionization process, Koopman's theorem, Photoelectron spectra of simple molecules, ESCA, chemical information from ESCA. Auger electron spectroscopy: basic idea.

5. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

a. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

10 Hrs.

Nuclear spin, nuclear resonance, saturation, shielding of magnetic nuclei, chemical shift and its measurements, factors influencing chemical shift, deshielding, spin-spin interactions, factors influencing coupling constant ‘J’. Classification (ABX, AMX, ABC, A2B2 etc.), spin decoupling, basic ideas about instrument, NMR studies of nuclei other than proton-13C

b. Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Basic principles, zero field splitting and Kramer's degeneracy, factors affecting the 'g' value. Isotropic and anisotropic hyperfine coupling constants, spin Hamilitonian, spin densities and McConnell relationship, measurement techniques, applications.

6. X-ray Diffraction Bragg condition, Miller indices, Laue method, Bragg method, Debye-Scherrer method of X-ray structural analysis of

crystals, index reflections, identification of unit cells from systematic absences in diffraction pattern. Structure of

simple lattices and X-ray intensities, structure factor and its relation to intensity and electron density, phase problem.

Description of the procedure for an X-ray structure analysis, absolute configuration of molecules, Ramchandran

diagram.


17

Books Suggested:

1. Chemical Applications of Group Theory, F.A. Cotton. 2. Modern Spectroscopy, J.M. Hollas, John Wiley. 3. Applied Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis, Ed. H. Windawi and F.L. Ho, Wiley

Interscience. 4. NMR, NQE, EPR and Mossbauer Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry, R.V. Parish, Ellis

Harwood. 5. Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Willard, Merrit, Dean and Settle. 6. Spectroscopic Identification of Organic Compounds, R.M. Silverstein and G.C. Bassler. 7. Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry, D.H. Williams and I. Fleming. 8. Absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Molecules, V.M. Parikh. 9. Applications of Spectroscopic Techniques in Organic Chemistry, P.S. Kalsi. 10. Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy, G.M. Barrow, McGraw Hill. 11. Basic Principles of Spectroscopy, R. Chang, McGraw Hill. 12. Theory and Applications of UV Spectroscopy, H.H. Jaffe and M. Orchin, IBH Oxford. 13. Introduction to Photo Electron Spectroscopy, P.K. Ghosh, John Wiley. 14. Introduction to Magnetic Resonance, A. Carrington and A.D. Maclachalan, Harper and Row.


18

M.Sc. Chemistry I Year: II Semester Chemistry Lab – II

Course Code MSC-211P L T P

0 0 3

Inorganic Practical

1. Acidimetry – alkalimetry titration. 2. Oxidation reduction titration.

3. Complexometric – EDTA titration.

4. pH-metric titration.

5. Precipitation titration.

6. To estimate iron and nickel in a given solution.

7. To estimate copper and nickel in the given solution.

Organic Practical 1. Analysis of binary organic mixtures

a. Sepration with NaHCO3

b. Separation with NaOH

c. Sepration with HCl

2. Two steps preparations:

a. To prepare anthranilic acid from phthalic anhydride.

b. To prepare o-chlorobenzoic acid from phthalamide.

c. To prepare benzyl from Benzaldehyde.

d. To prepare benzanilide from Benzophenone.

Physical Practical

1. To determine the relative strengths of two acids i.e., HCl and H2SO4 by studying the hydrolysis of methyl acetate. 2. To find out the rate constant of the hydrolysis of methyl acetate catalysed by (i) HCl and (ii) H2SO4. 3. To find out the strength of HCl solution by titrating it against N/10 NaOH using conductometer. 4. To find out the strength of given NH4OH solution by titrating it against HCl solution using Conductometer. 5. To determine the parachor value of given liquid. 6. To find out the surface tension of CH3COOH, C2H5OH, n-Hexane at room temperature and hence calculate the

atomic parachors of C, H and O. 7. To find out the surface tension of the given liquid by drop weight method at room temperature.

Books Suggested:

9. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, revised, svehla, Orient Longman. 10. Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis (revised), J. Bassett, R.C. Denney, G.H. Jeffery and J.

Mendham, ELBS. 11. Standard Methods of Chemical Analysis, W.W. Scott, The Technical Press.

12. Experimental Inorganic Chemistry, W.G. Palmer, Cambridge. 13. Experimental Organic Chemistry Vol. I & II, P.R. Singh, D.S. Gupta and K.S. Bajpai. Tata McGraw Hill.

14. Laboratory Manuel in Organic Chemistry, R.K. Bansal, Wiley Eastern.

15. Experiments in General Chemistry, C.N.R. Rao and U.C. Agarwal, East-West Press.

16. Experiments in Physical Chemistry, R.C. Dass and D. Behra, Tata McGraw Hill.

17. Experiments in Physical Chemistry, J.C. Ghosh, Bharti Bhavan.

18. Practical Organic Chemistry, F.G. Mann and B.C. Saunders, Pearson Education.

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