Basic Shot Vocabulary
Establishing shot: 1 – 3 shots that sets the scene for your video. It establishes the context for a scene by showing the relationship between its important figures and objects.
Basic Shot Vocabulary
B-Roll: Any video that is not an interview. It can be any type of person, movement, or a location.
Subject: Person(s) or object(s) being photographed
Types of Shots
Low Angle: Camera below the subject
High Angle: Camera above subject
Types of Shots
Wide Shot: All of the subject and his/her/its surroundings is visible
Medium Shot: Most or all of the subject is visible
Types of Shots
Close Up Shot: A portion of the subject is in the frame
Tight Shot: A smaller portion of the subject that reveals the fine details.
What type of shot?
What type of shot?
What type of shot?
What type of shot?
What type of shot?
What type of shot?
What type of shot?
Sequencing
Wide Medium Tight
WALLDO
Wide Angled - any other shot Low angle Linking - pan or tilt. Follow action Depth - Rack focus. manual focus
setting Opposite - reaction shot
Tips
Look for action, even in an empty room WMT WALLDO Check for sound Can edit sound later Foley sound – create your own
sound effects and add to video later
Plan Today
Shoot wide (:10) Medium (:10) Close up (:10) Close (:10) to pull back wide (:10) WALLDO
Shot practice
• Videography - 1:30 • Nat sound and sequences unedited. • Make a shot list and storyboard for planning
WMT WALLDO What programs and brainstorm techniques you want
to try
Editing practice
Look up a trick at home Edit your video here Watch programs and brainstorm
techniques
Reaction Shots
Person reacting with facial expression, quick comment/reaction Wow!, tastes good, I knew it!
Representational Video
For news stories Example Story is on girl who was raped Car driving on dark street Door locking Back of car seen with headlights Empty park with swing swinging (find the action)
Break your shot into 9 boxes Don’t aim dead center Line your subject up with one of the corners of the
center box Give your subject dimension
Rule of Thirds
Rule of Thirds
Pullback Shot: Medium shot
smoothly moves to wide shot Push-in Shot: Wide shot smoothly
moves to close-up shot
Shooting
Tilt: Angle lens up or down
Pan: Sweeping lens left or right
Truck: Physically move camera
Shooting
Definition: Any video that is not an interview
Important to match video to words Get as much B-roll as possible Get video of subjects working so you can use it to
cover any sound bites Action is important Empty rooms are boring
B-Roll
Consistency between movie or broadcast parts:
consistency in the details from one part of a movie or broadcast to another
Unchanging quality: the fact of staying the same, of being consistent throughout, or of not stopping or being interrupted
Continuity
An imaginary line called the axis connects the
subject/object Keep the camera on one side of this axis for every
shot in the scene If the camera passes over the axis, it is called
crossing the line or jumping the line
180 Degree Rule
Jack should be kept on the right side always Butler should be on left side always
In The Shining -- Stanley Kubrick shoots wide shots from both directions, a 180 degree flip, crossing the line
Dry Run: A rehearsal without the cameras on and
the video tape machines recording
Ratings Point: Percentage total of TVs that are tuned to a particular program
Ratings Share: Percentage of TVs being watched that are tuned to a particular program
Chroma key: Electronic process where green screen background that can be changed using an image
Television
Hand held: Cardio pattern of sound – picks up noise in a
heart pattern around the head of it. Boom: Directional microphone attached to a pole or arm;
is flexible to sound source with shotgun pick up Lav: Cardio pattern of sound Attaches to interviewee and
picks up his/her voice. Be carful if he/she turns head so sound is still good
Microphone tips: Hold away from subject’s mouth Hold under your chin Eliminates breathiness and tongue clacking Can't fix distortion, reverberation, background noise
Microphones
Complete Script: All formatted shows, except for live
interviews, demonstrations, play-by-play sports, game shows
Help on-air person (no teleprompter): Write script on back of prop Write lines on cue cards On-air person wears ear piece to transmit
Editing scripts: Edit out politically incorrect language
Scripts
Shooting Reminders
Reminders about shooting Variety of shots Get B-roll Finish action in shot – person/object
needs to leave shot and complete action 180 rule – Continuity
Video Requirements
Two Interviews ALL original video No photos unless ok’d by teacher Story should not be bias Get all perspectives Students Teachers Administrators Anyone else involved you an think of!
Focus Statement
A succinct statement that summarizes what will be learned about the situation. Consists of a noun and a verb.
Examples: - Soccer Loses Stars - New Schedule Working - Mountain Biking Begins
Man on the Street
Interviewing a stranger Purpose: Get immediate reactions or to take a poll.
Cutaways
Interruption of a continuously filmed action by inserting a view of something else
Watch The Headroom
Leave 10-15 percent space above the subject’s head and the top of the frame. More than 20 percent will most likely result in wasted space, which is boring and/or distracting. Less than 20 percent could make the subject appear crammed into the frame.
Watch The Headroom
There are some exceptions to the less than 20 percent rule, such as going for a tight face shot to reveal tension.
Watch The Headroom
The same rule applies if the photographer is shooting an object instead of a person—be it a tree, a car, a sign, or a building.
And Storyboards
Why Script or Storyboard?
Planning: Video and Audio Organize Information (On Air People,
Narration, Dialogue, Facts) Story Arc Communication Tool for Production Team
Television Script
Two Columns Left Hand Column: All Video Details Right Hand Column: All Audio Details
Standard Television Script
Video Audio MD: Baseball Player w/bat on shoulders
SOT Player: “The Cubs are the greatest team in the world.”
CU: Baseball Player Face SOT Player: “Just kidding!”
T: Hands on Bat T: Cleats Kicking Dirt T: Eyes Hat Brim T: Top of Bat
M/UP: “Tubular Bells”
MD: Player Hits Ball
Abbreviations
Video T: Tight Shot CU: Close Up MD: Medium Shot WS: Wide Shot L: Low Angle H: High Angle
Audio SOT: Sound Bite NAT: Natural
Sound M: Music M/UP: Music Up
Full M/UN: Background
Why Storyboard?
Easier to read Easier to write
Writing A Storyboard
Writing A Storyboard