Manila Bay during its glory days..

Manila Bay at present

Existing Creeks/Esteros

Why do we have all of these?

Lack of Political

Will Part of Filipino Culture

Lack of Discipline

Lack of Awareness

Poverty

Lack of Malasakit

Why treat wastewater?

Economic losses due to poor sanitation exceed

P78 billion* per year

More than 11,338* Filipinos die yearly from diarrhea, and about

55* daily from all water-borne diseases

* - World Bank and USAID Study, 2007

DIARRHEA

Why treat wastewater?

Up to 58% of groundwater contaminated, 64% of rivers fail test for Class A waters (swimming)

* - World Bank and USAID Study, 2007

Lack of Discipline

Lack of Awareness

Poverty Lack of

Malasakit

What Must be Done?

Strict implementation of existing laws

Massive awareness campaign on the importance of proper sanitation and hygiene

Proper solid waste management implement waste segregation; invest on MRF

Proper maintenance of drainage system

Relocation of informal settlers in city relocation

Implement wastewater treatment facility projects

Lack of Political

Will

Part of Filipino Culture

Types of Wastewater

Domestic Commercial Industrial

Wastewater Generation

at HOME

Toilet Others

Yellow Water Brown Water Gray Water

Black Water

SEWAGE

Commercial

Mainly comprised of

restaurants and other food chains

Industrial

Usually comes from

manufacturing plants such as

petrochemical and food manufacturing

Wastewater Services

Provide sewer service connections

Maintain/repair sewer network

Attend to customer complaints

Operate and maintain wastewater treatment

facilities

Plan for sewerage coverage expansion

SEWERAGE Plant Operation and Network Maintenance

SANITATION Septic Tank Desludging

Provide regular cleaning of septic tank

Operate and maintain septage treatment plant

Attend to customer complaints

Fleet maintenance

Plan for sanitation coverage expansion

Septage management (emptying

septic tanks): Only in Metro Manila, Dumaguete and

Alabel (Sarangani)

Sewerage coverage:

Metro Manila 15%,

national less than 4%, compared

(Dhaka 30%, Phnom Penh 50%)

Sewerage and Sanitation

Lift Station

Sewage Treatment

Plant

manhole

households

sewer line (gravity)

sewer line (force main)

sewer service connection

How do we collect our wastewater for treatment?

Pumping Station

Septage Treatment

Plant

households

Septic tank

Vacuum truck unit

Sanitation services through septic tank desludging

Treatment

Disposal of Untreated

Wastewater

Treated Wastewater

Physical

Sewage Treatment

Biological Chemical

Sewage Treatment

Organics

NPK

Preliminary (Physical)

Sewage Treatment Plant

Primary (Physical)

Secondary (Biological)

Sludge Management/ Disposal

Sludge Stabilization Digestion Sludge Dewatering Decanter Filter Press Screw Press

Sludge Disposal

Options for Water Reuse/Recycle

Options for Waste to Energy

Screening Grit Removal Oil and Grease

TSS, Oil and Grease

Tertiary Treatment Disinfection Nitrification and

Phosphorus Removal

Total Coliform, Nitrogen and Phosphorus,

Suspended Growth Process

Attached Growth Process

Integrated Fixed-film Activated Sludge Process

BOD, COD,

Flow Equalization Aeration Sedimentation

TSS, BOD,

Sewage Treatment Plant

solid

liquid

Pollutants and Microorganisms

Sludge

CO2

CO2

CO2

Sludge

CO2 CO2

Organics in sewage

Aerobic microorganisms Oxygen

CO2 CO2 and Sludge

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

ORGANICS BOD

ORGANICS BOD

Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen

ORGANICS BOD

ORGANICS BOD Dissolved Oxygen

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Sewage Treatment Plant

Secondary Treatment (Biological)

Suspended Growth process Oxidation Ditch Conventional Activated

Sludge Sequencing Batch Reactor

Attached Growth process Rotating Biological Contactors Trickling Filter

Integrated Fixed-film Activated Sludge Process Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor

(MBBR) Aerotor

Aeration efficiency Height of the Tank Type of Bacteria

Media Aeration Efficiency

Carriers Aeration Efficiency

New Technologies in the Market

Sewage Treatment Plant (Secondary Treatment)

Technology Selection Criteria

Technical Process robustness Process efficiency Compact footprint Ease of operation and

maintenance

Environmental/Health Sludge management Odor treatment requirement Noise

Statutory Requirements

Economics Cost efficiency

Technology Currently Used

Screening/Grit Removal preliminary treatment (physical) treatment Process in Central Manila Sewerage System (CMSS)

Lagoon (Oxidation Pond) a man-made lake or body of water in

which organic wastes are consumed or oxidized by bacteria.

treatment process in Dagat-Dagatan Sewage Treatment Plant (DDSTP)

Extended Aeration a type of activated sludge process with no

primary settling and long aerobic detention time to generate less excess sludge overall

treatment process in Alabang STP (ASTP)

React

Fill

Influent Wastewater

Reaction Time

Settle Clarify

Decant

Remove Effluent

Idle

Waste Sludge

SBR is a fill-and draw activated sludge system designed to operate under non-steady state conditions Features:

Smaller footprint because of absence of primary, secondary clarifiers and digester

Biological nutrient (N&P) removal

High degree of coliform removal

Less chlorine dosing required for post disinfection

Ability to withstand hydraulic and organic shock loads

Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)

Fine Screen

Grit & Grease Removal

MBBR Tank

MultiFlo Settler

Ultraviolet Disinfection

Sludge Holding Tank

Influent

Sludge Hauling

Effluent

MBBR is an integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) process and essentially a hybrid between a suspended growth (ASP) and a fixed film system Features:

Flexible design that allows for increased capacity

Stable under large load variations

Smaller foot print

Single pass treatment

Extremely compact and simple biological treatment system

Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)

Screen

Equalization Tank

STM Aerotor

Clarifier

Chlorine Contact Tank

Sludge Holding Tank

Influent

Effluent

Sludge Hauling

STM Aerotor is activated sludge and fixed film technology as part of a process that provides biological nutrient removal for municipal wastewater treatment Features:

Low energy requirement

Small footprint

Improved sludge settling and quality

Low capital

Advance biological nutrient removal

Stable process

No odors

Can handle various load fluctuations

STM AEROTOR

Screen

Aeration Tank

Secondary Clarifier

Chlorine Contact Tank

Sludge Holding Tank

Influent

Effluent

Sludge Hauling

CAS is the most common suspended growth process used for municipal wastewater treatment. It consists essentially of an aerated biological reactor followed by a secondary clarifier. Features:

Good process flexibility

Reliable operation

Proven track record in all plant sizes

Low odor emission

Energy production

Ability to withstand nominal changes in water characteristics

Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS)

Lift

Station

Sewage

Treatment

Plant

manhole

households

sewer line

(gravity)

sewer line

(force

main)

sewer service

connection

Sewerage Services

Pumping

Station

03/25/09

3 2

4

1

5

5 Sewerage Systems in Maynilad 1. Central Manila Sewerage System (CMSS) - (ISO 9001&14001; OSHAS 18001) 2. Dagat-dagatan Sewerage System - (ISO 9001 &14001; OSHAS 18001) 3. Communal Sewerage System at Quezon City 4. Makati Isolated System 5. Alabang System

Total capacity of 469,000 cmd More than 480 km of sewer lines ~120,000 households served

Sewerage

Overview of Current Wastewater Services

Central Manila Sewerage System (Process Flow)

Sewerage System

CUSTOMERS

1.8m dia. Outfall

3.9 km long

Screening &

grit removal and aeration

(Sewage generated)

Tondo Pumping Station

Manila Bay

Lift Station Screening

Central Manila Sewerage System (Process Flow)

Lift Station

Central Manila Sewerage System

1

STA. ANA

2

PACO 3

4

5

6

7

MALATE

LUNETA PORT AREA

LEGARDA

STA. CRUZ

S

I

P

TONDO AND DAGUPAN SYSTEM

TONDO

Assimilative Capacity

Dissolved

Oxygen

(DO)

Distance / Time

Dagat - Dagatan Sewage Treatment Plant

Dagat - Dagatan Sewage Treatment Plant

PUMPING STATION

AERATED PONDS SEWER

INTERCEPTOR

AERATED PONDS

FACULTATIVE PONDS

FACULTATIVE PONDS

POLISHING PONDS

POLISHING PONDS

TREATED WASTEWATER TO

MAYPAJO CREEK

RAW SEWAGE

FILTRATE FROM

SEPTAGE TREATMENT

PLANT

Alabang Sewerage System

Alabang Sewage Treatment Plant

Alabang Town Center

Madrigal Business Park

Lift Station

Lift Station

Lift Station

SOURCE TRANSFER TREATMENT

Ayala Alabang Village Lift Station

Communal Septic Tanks

LEACHING

CHAMBER

LEACHING

CHAMBER

EGL

PLAN of a TYPICAL SEPTIC TANK

DIGESTIVE

CHAMBER

From

Household To Sewer

Line/Drainage

System

Communal Septic Tanks

Legal CAPACITY = 409 cmd

Service Area = 36 ha

Project 8

CAPACITY = 567 cmd

Service Area = 66 ha

CAPACITY = 621 cmd

Service Area = 37 ha Grant

Congressional

Upgraded to STP

Upgraded to STP

Upgraded to STP

Communal Septic Tanks

Project 7

Road A, Project 7

CAPACITY

2,400 cmd sewage

240 cmd septage

CAPACITY = 93 cmd

Roosevelt, Project 7

Septage

Treatment

Plant

households

Septic tank

Vacuum

truck unit

Sanitation services

SEPTAGE TREATMENT

ACCEPTANCE UNIT

DEWATERING PROCESS

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

COLLECTION

RECEIVING BODY OF WATER

TREATED FILTRATE

FILTRATE SLUDGE

GRIT

DEBRIS

BIOSOLIDS

FURTHER TREATMENT 1. SUN DRYING 2. COMPOSTING 3. LIME STABILIZATION

SEPTIC TANK

Septage Management

Septage Collection

Dagat - dagatan Septage Treatment Plant

Wastewater Management Existing Facilities

San Juan Sewerage System

Dagat-dagatan Sewerage System

Central Manila Sewerage System

Makati Isolated System

Alabang Sewerage System

3

1

4

5

2

11%

Sewerage Sanitation

Separate System

Maximize the use of the existing network

Expand the sewerage coverage using the combined system

Maintain sanitation facilities to serve customers outside the

sewered areas

Sanitation

Sewerage

Combined System

Desludging

Combined System

Legend Drainage Flow Combined Sewer Overflow Interceptor Line Separate Line Laterals

Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)

Dry Weather

Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)

Storm Flow

MAYNILAD Sewage Treatment

Plant

Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)

Dry Weather

Storm Flow

Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)