04/10/2023 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE 1DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

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EngineeringIngenious means ‘Clever person’ in Latin

Engineer cleverly uses the available natural resources for the benefit of mankind

Provides comfort to mankind and makes life comfortable.

Application of scientific and mathematical knowledge and rational thinking to improve living standards

Definition:- “Civil Engineering is the art of directing the great sources of power in nature for the use and convenience of man”.

The main scope of civil engineering or the task of civil engineering is planning, designing, estimating, supervising construction, managing construction, execution, and maintenance of structures like building, roads, bridges, dams, etc.

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Discipline – Civil Engineering

Rural And Urban Planning

Environmental

Geotechnical

Hydraulic

Surveying

Water Resources

Transportation

Structural Bridge

Timber

Construction Management

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BRANCHES & SCOPE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

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BRANCHES & SCOPE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

• Civil engineering may be divided into the following fields:

• Surveying & leveling• Building, Planning and construction• Advanced Construction• Structural Engineering• Geotechnical Engineering• Water Resources Engineering• Transportation Engineering• Environmental Engineering• Town Planning & etc.,

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SURVEYING & LEVELLING

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SURVEYING & LEVELLING

• Surveying includes measurements of distances and angles in horizontal & vertical planes, while leveling is the measurement of heights in vertical plane. Chain, compass, level and theodolite are the instruments used for surveying.

• Surveying fixes the relative positions of different points on the basis of surface of earth. It also includes measurements of areas and volumes. Basic aim of surveying is to prepare a map of the area to some scale.

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SURVEYING & LEVELLING• Surveying is carried out to fix the alignment of

road, railway canal. It is also useful in selecting the site for the construction of structures. Modern surveying instruments like Electronic total station and Geographical Positioning System(GPS) are the modern electronic digital instruments for survey works.

• Remote sensing and Geographical Information system(GIS) are adopted for surveying and planning of many civil engineering projects.

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BUILDING PLANNING & CONSTRUCTION

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BUILDING PLANNING & CONSTRUCTION

• Civil engineers are concerned with many types of structures of which buildings are of prime importance. Buildings are planned according to the fundamental principles of planning & bylaws of local municipal bodies.

• Building planning requires basic knowledge of principles of architecture. Buildings may be residential or public building like school, colleges, government office, Hospitals, etc. They are designed according to need of specific occupants and purposes.

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ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION

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ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION• Construction of dams, bridges, tunnels, ports,

requires several advanced construction techniques of construction. Under water construction requires specific type of equipment.

• Pile foundations or well foundations are generally provided for foundation of bridges across rivers in alluvial soil.

• Large scale earthworks in excavation requires equipment's like power shovel, dragline, bulldozers, etc.

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STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

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STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING• This Branch of civil engineering deals with

structural analysis and design of structures. • Structural analysis is done to calculate stresses

in structural components, on the basis of loads, acting on structures.

• Sections of structural elements like beams, columns, slabs, etc. are designed. Structural analysis requires much calculation, hence advanced computing software‘s are used to carry out structural analysis and design.

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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING• Geotechnical engineering is that field of civil engineering

which deals with soil investigation and design of proper foundations of structures.

• Soil investigation includes collection and testing of soil samples.

• Geotechnical engineering includes measurement of soil Parameters and safe bearing capacity.

• It also includes construction and design of simple foundations, pile foundations, well foundations, caissons, coffer dams, construction of foundation of dams, construction of tunnels, sub base of road, earthen dams, earth related constructions.

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WATER RESOURCES ENGIEERING

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• Water resource engineering means measurements, utilization and development of water resources for agriculture, municipal and power generation purpose. It mainly includes irrigation engineering, design of hydraulic structures like dams, canals etc.

• Water resource engineering deals with planning designing and developing water resources by constructing several hydraulic structures like dams, barrages, hydropower stations, canal and pipe networks etc.

WATER RESOURCES ENGIEERING

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TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

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TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

• Transportation means movement of Passengers and goods by means of vehicles on land, ship on water and aircrafts in air.

• Transportation Engineering is that branch of Civil engineering which deals with planning, designing and construction ofroads, bridges, railways, tunnels, harbours, ports, docks, runways and airports.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

• Environmental Engineering deals with pollution control and public health engineering. Different types of pollutions are water, air, noise and other pollution.

• Environmental engineering includes design, construction and maintenance of water treatment plant, waste water treatment plant, water distribution network and sewerage system, it also deals with solid waste management in towns and cities.

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TOWN PLANNING

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TOWN PLANNING

• Town planning means planned & controlled growth of town by dividing town in to different land use zones and regulating building construction to provide better environment for the people of the town.

• In the town planning areas of town are divided into residential, commercial, recreational and industrial zones, which is called zoning.

• Floor space index, and other byelaws are fixed to guide and regulate the building construction.

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FUNCTIONS OF CIVIL ENGINEER

• Civil engineering functions performed can broadly be classified in three categories.

• Before construction• During construction • After Construction

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BEFORE CONSTRUCTION

• Feasibility study • Surveying• Site investigation• Planning• Design and drawing• Estimating• Planning & Scheduling

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DURING CONSTRUCTION

• Dealing with clients, Consulting engineer and contractors

• Execution and supervision• Quality control• Costing

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AFTER CONSTRUCTION• Maintenance and repairs• Valuation• After the construction regular maintenance of

structures is to be carried out. Valuation is carried out for the purpose of sale, purchase and many others purposes.

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Assignment

1. What is Civil Engineering? What are the main functions of a civil engineer?2. List the main disciplines of civil engineering and mention the purpose and

application of each discipline.