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MicroGrid
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C Madhava ReddyEE09G003
April 8, 2023
OutlineIntroduction to MicroGridMicroGrid Operating ModesDriving Factors for MicroGridInterconnected MicroGrids – Power Parks.How MicroGrid deviates from Traditional Distribution
SystemChallenges in MicroGridControl strategiesProtection and SafetyEnvironmental AspectsMicroGrid advantages and disadvantagesFuture scope of ResearchReferences
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Introduction to MicroGridWhat is MicroGrid?MicroGrid is an integrated power delivery system consisting
of inter connecting loads and distributed energy resources
MicroGrid can be operated in parallel with the conventional grid or in island mode(independent)
MicroGrid consists of Fuel cells ,Micro turbine , Reciprocating engines , wind power and PV array systems which are together called Micro sources
Excess Power can be sold to Utility grid or It can Draw surplus power to its loads
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Introduction to MicroGridMicro grid Consists
Distributed Energy Resources(DER)LoadsStorage DevicesControllersPoint of Common Coupling
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Introduction to MicroGridDifferentiation
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Schematic diagram of MicroGrid
MicroGrid Operating ModesGrid Connected Mode: Utility grid is active
Static switch is closed
A,B,C feeders are being Supplied by utility grid and Micro grid
D feeder is supplied byUtility grid only
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MicroGrid Operating ModesIsland Mode:Utility grid is not supplying power
Static switch is open
Feeder A, B, C are being Supplied by Micro sources
Feeder D (not sensitive )is dead from microgrid view
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Driving Factors for Micro GridIncreasing Power demand
Emphasis on Reliability ,Quality, Price of Power
Consumer choice
Transmission constraints driving generation sources closer to loads
Environmental issuesApril 8, 2023 9
Interconnected Micro grids Practical size of Micro grids is limited to a few MW
For larger loads, it is desirable to interconnect many Micro grids to form a larger Micro grid network called Power Parks
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How MicroGrid deviates from Traditional Distribution SystemMicroGrid (MG) has 2 modes of operation
Its short circuit capability changes when mode of operation changes
MG allows Bidirectional Power flow
MG has power electronics interface, so it can’t provide high levels of fault current for relays
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Challenges in MicroGrid Distribution protection and control practice is largely
incompatible with the MicroGrid concept
Non-conventional generation will require new unit control and protection strategies for successful MicroGrid operation
Supervisory controls will be needed to achieve the full operating potential
Tariff structures are presently incompatible with multiparty MicroGrids
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Control StrategiesIt has mainly 3 types of control levels
Micro Generator controllerMicroGrid central controllerDistribution Management System
Since MicroGrid is inverter dominated grid it has Inverter control strategies
PQ inverter controlVSI control
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Protection and SafetyIn Traditional distribution system• Power flow is unidirectional• We use over current and Earth fault protection
But in MicroGrid first it should identify whether the fault is inside or outside of MicroGrid
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Environmental AspectsMicroGrid encourages the use of the renewable
energy sources which are environmental friendly
Large land use impacts are avoided
CO2 Emissions are reduced due to the usage of Renewable energy sources
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MicroGrid advantages and disadvantagesAdvantages Disadvantages Ability to disconnect from
utility grid during disturbance and operate independently
It reduces demand on utility grid thus prevents grid failure
We can use both electricity and heat energy so that over all efficiency increases
Voltage ,frequency and power quality should be at acceptable limits
Requires battery tanks to store which requires space and maintenance
Resynchronization to utility grid is difficult
Protection is difficult
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Future scope of ResearchVoltage and frequency control under various
modes of operationProtection schemes for MicroGridTransition between grid connected mode and
island modeTransformation of MicroGrid system today into the
intelligent, robust energy delivery system in the future by providing significant reliability and security benefits
Development of tariff structure for multi MicroGrids
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References “The Rise of MicroGrid Power Networks“
http://www.sustainablefacility.com/Articles/Feature_Article/58905d08bd629010VgnVCM100000f932a8c0
"Why the MicroGrid Could Be the Answer to Our Energy Crisis"http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/137/beyond-the-grid.html
"How a MicroGrid Works“http://science.howstuffworks.com/microgrid.htm
M. Dicorato,G. Forte,M. Trovato “A procedure for evaluating MicroGrids technical and economic feasibility issues” , IEEE Bucharest Power Tech Conference, June 28th - July 2nd,2009, Bucharest, Romania.
Chem Nayar, Markson Tang, and Wuthipong Suponthana “Wind/PV/Diesel Micro Grid System implemented in Remote Islands in the Republic of Maldives”,IEEE transactions 2008.
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