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Battery Hardware in the Loop
Neeraj ShidoreArgonne National LaboratorySponsored by Lee Slezak
DOE Merit Review28 February, 2008
This presentation does not contain any proprietary or confidential information
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Battery Hardware in the Loop ( BHIL) : A real battery(energy storage) in a virtual vehicle
Environmental Chamber
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Hardware description
Virtual Vehicle (dSPACE),DAQ (NI Compact Rio). J CS VL41M ( 72 cells, 260 V nominal,
41 Ah, liquid cooled)
ABC-150 HVDC power supply
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Significance of Battery HIL: component evaluationand systems integration
Battery testing:
(performed at module
Level)Performance tests
(e.g. HPPC)Calendar life tests
Battery evaluation
In a vehicle (vehicle
Benchmarking)
Frozen controls, vehicleplatform
Battery evaluation
in a flexiblevehicle systems context
AND/OR
Vehicle System response
to various
Vehicle conditions
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Accomplishments in FY07 funding $ 400K
6, 89.11
2, 95.151.4, 95.5
6, 21.5
2, 7
1.4, 5
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
0 2 4 6 8
Charger Power (kW)
Batteryroundtripefficiency
(%)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Batterychargingcurrent-
RMS(A)
1. Impact of different charger ratings onbattery roundtrip efficiency.
2. Validation of ANL developed VL41M modelWith BHIL
Same current is sent
3. Sensitivity of Charge sustaining FEto operation at different SOCs
3. All electric range for a midsize, crossover andSUV with the VL41M at 20 C
o
6, 89.11
2, 95.151.4, 95.5
6, 21.5
2, 7
1.4, 5
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
0 2 4 6 8
Charge r Powe r (kW)
Batter
yroundtrip
efficiency
(%
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Batte
rycharging
curren
t-
RMS
(A)
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Accomplishments in FY08 total funding $ 500K-total funding spent - $ 150 K
Battery HIL (phase 2): Expandedset-up with a state of the art DCpower supply and environmentalchamber.
Impact of cold temperature on theEV range using a VL41M.
WFO with SK Energy impact ofmodifications of BMS on vehiclefuel economy and battery.
Initial
batterytemperature
EVrange
(miles)
Rise intemperature
( degrees C)
20 17.3 9
0 15.7 14
-7 15 160 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Time in seconds
Temperatureind
egreesC
9 degrees rise intemperture
No cooling:14 degrees rise in
temperture
No cooling:16 degrees rise intemperture
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Future Work for FY08 and Beyond
Impact of different blended mode strategies (rates of SOC depletion) onbattery temperature rise (battery life) vis--vis improvement in petroleumdisplacement.
Evaluation of vehicle controls and battery energy management for extremecold and hot battery conditions to more fully investigate observations madewith ANL on-road data on HEVs and PHEVs over wide extremes ofambient temperatures.
Battery Evaluation in a systems context:
Evaluation of other PHEV batteries in a vehicle system.
Create a standard evaluation matrix for comparison of batteries as a
system, which includesState of charge window
Temperature rise
Regen versus state of charge, temperature
Charging efficiency, time.
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What is the Value of Battery HIL and Support to OtherVehicle Technology Activities
Battery HIL
OEMs, USABC
System level evaluation of batteries.Comparison of battery technology.
Backbone forother Energy Storage experiments;e.g. Ultra capacitor-Battery HIL
PHEV test procedure
development (SAE J1711)
Study and understanding of non-linearbattery behavior important.
PSATValidation of battery models.
Furthering energy managementstrategies to include battery life impacts
and cold/hot temperature effects.
Battery Manufacturers
Evaluationof battery
management controller.Battery thermal designand management .
MATT
1.Validation of battery models.
2. Complements PHEVemissions work.
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To Summarize:
Advanced energy sources are the enablers of PHEV technology, and yetremain the main technical challenge.
Battery issues such as sizing/chemistry effects on life, cost and extremetemperature performance are directly linked to battery usage in a vehicle(i.e., battery systems integration is as important as cell development).
Battery HIL is an ideal tool for
Understanding the vehicle system integration issues that exist.
Evaluating the impact of cell level development on a system level.
.
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Publications
Rousseau, A., Shidore, N., Carlson, R., Freyermuth, V., Research onPHEV Battery Requirements and Evaluation of Early Prototypes, AABC2007, Long Beach (May 2007).
Neeraj Shidore, Lohse-Busch, H., Smith R., Bohn T., Sharer P.,Component and subsystem evaluation in a systems context usingHardware in the LoopVPPC 2007, Arlington, TX ( August2007).
Shidore, N., Lohse-Busch, H., Duoba, M., Bohn T., Sharer P., PHEV AllElectric Range and fuel economy in charge sustaining mode for low SOCoperation of the J CS-VL41M using Battery HIL , EVS-23, Anaheim, CA( December 2007).
Neeraj Shidore and Ted Bohn, Evaluation of the cold temperatureperformance of the J CS VL41M battery using BHIL, to be presented atSAE World Congress 2008.
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