BATTERY TRAINING

WELCOME TO BATTERY TRAINING

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ABOUT USTarget Solutions is a client-oriented company,providing products of excellence and professional service for over 30 years.

A leader in innovative and profitable solutions, exceeding the expectations of our client.

Product knowledge is of extremely high importance to us, as we continuously strive to better serve our clients by providing them with the most effective and sustainable solutions available.

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Established in 1944

ISO 9001 certified in 1994

ISO 14001 certified in 1998

3 locations by 2000

Received eco-friendly certification in 2007

Acquired by Hankook Tyre Company Ltd. in 1977

Largest automotive battery producer in Korea

Map ofSouth KoreaABOUT ATLAS BX

All About Batteries

Cleaning

Changing

Storage

Charging & Testing

Jump-starting

Dos and Donts

FAQsTOPICS

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What is a battery? A device that produces electricity from a chemical reaction.

What does a battery consist of? Six cells, which each contain: Electrolyte Positive & negative plates Separators A positive & negative electrode

ALL ABOUT BATTERIES

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Electrolyte:

A mixture of sulphuric acid and distilled water, which has been stripped of minerals and nutrients.

Fully charged battery has 36% acid & 64% water

Reacts chemically with the active materials on the plates

Creates an electrical pressure (voltage)

Conducts the electrical current produced by that pressure from plate to plate.

BATTERY COMPONENTS

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Separators:

Thin, porous insulators

Made of woven glass or plastic envelopes

Placed between positive and negative plates

Allow passage of electrolyte

Prevent the plates from touching and shorting out

BATTERY COMPONENTS

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Plates:

Flat, typically rectangular components that contain a mechanical support structure called a grid

Active material is pasted to the grid

Are either positive or negative, depending on the active material they hold.

Brown-coloured lead dioxide on the positive plates

Grey-coloured sponge lead on the negative plates

BATTERY COMPONENTS

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Electrodes:

These can be either positive or negative

Negative electrode cathode

Positive electrode anode

There are one of each of these in each cell in a battery

BATTERY COMPONENTS

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A battery charger

Its function is to charge the battery while the engine is working.

A malfunctioning alternator can damage a battery and should be repaired or replaced.

Have your alternator checked at least every six months at a mechanic to ensure that it is functioning correctly.THE ALTERNATOR

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Proper care of a battery is essential to its longevityBe sure to check your battery monthly for the following:

Dirt

Loose or corroded terminals

Cracked cell cover or case

Frayed or broken cables

Remember! A clean and well-maintained battery always lasts longer than a neglected one.

GENERAL MAINTENANCE

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Batteries are very often damaged and destroyed through constant vibration and severe impact.

Avoid this by checking for the following:Deteriorated battery cablesLoose or slack connections between the terminals and polesCracked or broken battery trayLoose or defective battery hold-down clampCorroded battery hold down clampMisfit battery too small or too large

Where applicable, make repairs immediately!

NEVER hammer or shove terminals onto poles this is sure to drastically decrease the life of the battery.GENERAL MAINTENANCE

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Types of batteries: Serviceable & Maintenance-FreeMaintenance Free:

Water level does not need to be maintained

Built-in hydrometer (Magic Eye Indicator)

Sealed for life

TYPES OF BATTERIES

Sealed CellsMagic Eye Indicator

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Serviceable:

Have removable caps for each of the cells

Electrolyte can and should be checked regularly

Specific gravity of each cell must be manually checked with a hydrometer

Must be refilled with distilled water, not tap water nor filtered water.

Removable CapsTYPES OF BATTERIES

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AGM BATTERIESCharacteristics of an AGM Battery:

Has a very low internal resistance and therefore is able to deliver high currents on demand.

Lighter than the flooded lead acid type battery

Provides good electrical reliability

Spill proof

Maintenance free

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Characteristics of an AGM Battery:

Allows for extremely deep discharges, of up to 80%, without being damaged.

Has a charging rate that is five times faster than that of a flooded lead acid battery!

Extreme vibration protection resists vibration damage for better performance and longer life.

Tough, stainless steel terminals prevent corrosion for more power and better performance.AGM BATTERIES

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A tool used to measure the state of charge of the battery, via the specific gravity

Specific gravity = exact weight

Hydrometer compares exact weight of electrolyte with that of water.

Each cell in a fully charged battery has a specific gravity of 1.265 or a voltage of 2.10.HYDROMETER

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Several Battery Capacity Ratings have been established to determine the current capacity of a battery.

The current capacity is an indication of the batterys ability to develop and deliver high amperage current to the starter, and provide reserve power to the electrical system.

Some commonly used ratings are:-

Cold Cranking AmpsCranking AmpsHot Cranking AmpsReserve CapacityAmpere Hours

CAAhHCACCARCCAPACITY RATINGS

COLD CRANKING AMPS (CCA)

This rating indicates the batterys ability to deliver a specified current at low temperature.

It is determined by the amount of current a fully charged battery can supply for thirty (30) seconds at 0 F without the voltage falling below 7.2V.

CAAhHCACCARCCAPACITY RATINGS

CRANKING AMPS (CA)

This rating indicates the batterys ability to deliver cranking current at 32 F.

To convert CCA to CA, multiply the Cold Cranking Amps by 1.25.

For example, 650 CCA x 1.25 = 812 CA

CAAhHCACCARCCAPACITY RATINGS

HOT CRANKING AMPS (HCA)

This rating indicates the batterys ability to deliver cranking current at 80 F.

To convert CCA to HCA, multiply the Cold Cranking Amps by 1.5.

For example, 650 CCA x 1.5 = 975 HCA

CAAhHCACCARCCAPACITY RATINGS

RESERVE CAPACITY (RC)

This is the time in minutes that a vehicle can be driven after the charging system fails.

The assumed battery load is a constant discharge current of 25 Amps.

The Reserve Capacity is the length of time a fully charged battery at 80 F can supply 25 Amps before the voltage falls below 10.5 V.

CAAhHCACCARCCAPACITY RATINGS

AMPERE HOURS (Ah)

This is the amount of current a fully charged battery can supply for 20 hours without the voltage falling below 10.5 V at 80 F.

For example, if a battery can deliver 4 Amps under these conditions, it is an 80 Ah battery.

4 Amps x 20 Hours = 80 Ah.

CAAhHCACCARCCAPACITY RATINGS

CLEANING A BATTERY

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Reminders:

Wash away dirt and residue from positive and negative terminals.

Use a solution of baking soda and water to neutralise corrosion.

Dry with a clean rag.

Reconnect the terminals to the battery, replacing the positive cable first and the negative cable last.

Replace/Repair damaged and deteriorated items.

Spray battery terminals with a solvent-free rust retardant, such as Fluid Film, to protect against rust and corrosion.

CLEANING A BATTERY

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CHANGING A BATTERY

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Ensure you have the correct battery for your vehicle by measuring the dimensions of the tray in which the battery sits, including width, length and depth.

Make certain the hand brake is up, the engine is switched off and the keys are out of the ignition.

Disconnect the negative connector first and then the positive connector. Reconnect in the opposite sequence.

Ensure the terminals and posts are clean and all tightening devices, such as nuts and bolts are in sound working order.

Before re-fitting the clamp and lid, try turning on the vehicle to make sure the battery is correctly inserted.

Once clamp is refitted, ensure the battery is secured properly and there is no sign of movement.

CHANGING A BATTERY

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Storing a Battery Safely:

Disconnect the battery cables negative (black) first and positive (red) last.

Inspect battery, conducting general maintenance checks.

Check the electrolyte level in each cell, if it is a serviceable battery.

Refill where necessary with distilled water.

Remove the battery from the vehicle.

Store it in a cool, dry location, out of direct sunlight, elevated at least 12 inches off of the ground.

STORAGE OF BATTERIES

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Storing a Battery Safely:

Ensure the battery is fully charged when storing.

Where possible, a smart or float charger should be used, to maintain the charge during storage.

For extended storage, a battery needs to be checked monthly to ensure charge isnt being extensively depleted.

Recharge as needed.

Batteries stored in a partially discharged state will self-destruct.

STORAGE OF BATTERIES

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Using the correct method of charging a battery is essential to its longevity.

Both too much or too little charging can be disastrous to the battery and result in a shorter life.

Batteries should be tested regularly to ensure they are being correctly charged and are running at the proper amount of voltage.

CHARGING A BATTERY

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Batteries can easily be under-charged. Having to frequently jump-start a battery signifies inferior charging. This can be a result of any of the following:

Damaged or Frayed Battery Cables Dirt or Corrosion on Battery Terminals and Poles Slack Terminals Cracked Battery Case Defective Alternator : Inspect the alternator or serpentine belts to be sure they are properly tensioned.

They should move less than an inch from their resting place.

If they are torn, cracked or frayed, they should be replaced.UNDER-CHARGING BATTERIES

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Constant over-charging of a battery will rapidly destroy it. Batteries that have been over-charged can be identified by the following traits:

Swollen case Strong odourTwisted or deformed shape

How to check your battery for overcharging:

Start your vehicle.

Ensure the engine is running at a fast idle.

Measure the voltage that runs through the battery terminals.

It should be between 12.8V and 14.7V. Anything higher than 14.7V indicates overcharging in the battery.

Also measure the alternator voltage, which should be between 12.8V and 14.7V as well.OVER-CHARGING BATTERIES

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Avoid over-charging by:

Having your alternator checked regularly by a mechanic to make sure it is operating efficiently. Malfunctioning alternators often send too much voltage to the battery, causing overcharging.

Conducting a battery load test on your battery every six months.

Using a modern battery charger if you need to charge the battery, as these will shut off before the battery becomes overcharged while older models may not have this safety feature.

OVER-CHARGING BATTERIES

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Before jump-starting a battery, ensure the following criteria is met:

No signs of damage to the batteryNo loose or slack terminalsAll electrical devices are offLightsAir ConditionerWipersRadioThe vehicle is in neutral (manual) or park (automatic)The handbrake is engaged

When jump-starting, always use power from a battery with the same voltage, usually 12 volt.

After the engine has started, leave the vehicle running for some time to build up charge in the battery, before turning off.

JUMP-STARTING BATTERIES

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JUMP-STARTING BATTERIES

DO:

Regular inspection and maintenance, especially in extremely hot and dusty conditions.

Frequently clean battery of dirt and water Regularly neutralise and clean off corrosion, spraying with an anti-corrosive substance.

Recharge batteries immediately after discharge.

Check charging rate of alternator frequently.

Disconnect the battery whenever you work on it, but be sure to shut the engine off first.

Use gloves and goggles for protection when working with a battery.

Remove negative cables first and replace last when maintaining, charging or testing a battery.

Replace any cracked or damaged batteries immediately!BATTERY DOS

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DONT:

Disconnect battery cables while the engine is running.

Store a battery in a discharged state.

Place your vehicle into storage without some type of device to keep the battery charged.

Add new acid to the electrolyte.

Add filtered or tap water to the electrolyte, as it may contain minerals that will contaminate the electrolyte.

Discharge a battery any deeper than you possibly have to.

Mix sizes and types of batteries.

Allow slack connections.

Smoke around a battery.

Hammer or shove terminals onto battery poles.BATTERY DONTS

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When do I need to replace my battery?

Battery replacement may be necessary if you experience any of the following: Loss of power in cold or extended startsSlow or interrupted turnover of the starting motorBattery discharge light on the vehicle instrument panel is litCracks or other obvious damage to battery case

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, you should have your battery and electrical system checked.

Why are slack or loose connections between terminals and poles so destructive to a battery?

Loose connections cause an electrical arching effect This destroys and damages battery poles and terminalsCan also cause damage to the electrical system and alternator.FREQUENTLY-ASKED QUESTIONS

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How does excessive heat affect my battery?

Heat increases the rate of evaporationThis causes a loss of water from the electrolyteExtreme heat also increases the rate of self-discharge and promotes the corrosion of the positive plate grids. Heat is the number one killer of a batteryIt may increase performance in the short-term, but battery life is drastically reduced over time.

What characteristics should I look for in a battery?

Characteristics of a reliable battery: Maintenance Free Heat Resistant Vibration Resistant High Cranking Amps Warranty on both gas and diesel vehiclesFREQUENTLY-ASKED QUESTIONS

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FREQUENTLY-ASKED QUESTIONSWhat causes a battery to explode?

Batteries contain sulphuric acid electrolyteThis is a highly corrosive substance that produces gases When ignited, it will explode. Explosions could result from the following:

Metal objects, such as rings, watch straps or hand tools brushing the battery and creating a spark

Jump-starting a battery that is leaking

Having smoke or naked flames near batteries which could ignite the gases released.

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THE END

Thank you for attending!