Bauhaus - Universität Weimar

In co-operation with:Assumption College ThonburiKNOTEN WEIMAR GmbHProf. Dr. Kanoksak from Kasetsart University

   

Learning about the environment

Slide 1-1, Module G1 / S1

• Environmental education of the young generation –the students

• Waste utilisation:• By separate collection of recyclable waste,• Recycling and• Utilisation of organic waste directly on the

school site

General Project Targets:

Slide 1-2, Module G1 / S1

Definition 1: Perception of waste[Bidlingmaier]

Waste is perceived when itbecomes a problem and assertsnegative influence upon everydaylife activities. In this case,waste is matter in the wrongplace.

What is waste?Slide 2-1, Module G2 und S2

Definition 2: Subjective perception[Bidlingmaier et al]

 

With the application of subjective,respectively social valuemeasurements, a product is declaredto be waste not based on utilisationpossibilities.

Only by the subjective judgement ofthe owner, the product turns intowaste, when the owner proclaims it tobe useless or of no value e. g. emptywater bottles.

Slide 2-2, Module G2 und S2

What is waste?

1.806,85Kitchen waste

1.146,30Garden waste

6.289,17Sum

1.109,12Plastics

831,05Residual waste

535,55Material < 40 mm

304,35Fat326,85Paper, cardboard

131,18Glass

41,95Metals35,51Tetra packs20,46Hazardous waste

Amount[kg/week]

Waste Type

Slide 3-1, Module G2

Waste Composition and Disposal at ACT

6.289,17

1.806,85

1.146,301.109,12

831,05

535,55

304,35326,85

131,18

41,9535,5120,46

Amount[kg/week]

Percentage [%]

Kitchen waste

Garden waste

Sum

Plastics

Residual waste

Material < 40 mm

FatPaper, cardboard

Glass

MetalsTetra packs

Hazardous waste

Waste Type

Slide 3-2, Module S2

Waste Composition and Disposal at ACT

Kitchen waste 28,8%

Paper, cardboard 5,2%

Hazardous waste 0,3%Tetra packs 0,6%

Metals 0,7%

Garden waste 18,2%

Plastics 17,6%

Residual waste 13,2%

Material < 40 mm 8,5%Fat 4,8%

Glass 2,1%

[Weight %]

100%

Slide 4, Module G2 and S3

Waste Composition and Disposal at ACT

3.

4.

5.

Slide 5, Module G2 and S3

Waste Composition and Disposal1. 2.

Formation and lifecycle of productsas well as

Recyclingclosed loop

ProductsPackaging

Slide 6, Module G4 and S4

Waste Prevention

1. Waste prevention

2. Waste recycling

3. Appropriate wastetreatment and disposal

Slide 7-1, Module G4 ans S4

Waste Prevention

Principles and possibilities for wasteprevention, respectively waste reduction:

• When shopping take your own bag (backpack, etc.) with you• Use reusable bottles in stead of plastic bottles

In the example of the canteen:[Bidlingmaier et al]

• It is recommended to usereusable crockery and cutlery

Slide 7-2, Module G4 and S4

Waste Prevention

1.2.

3.4.

• The tree absorbs nutrients fromthe soil for its own growth, fruitand leaves

• After some time the leaves fallonto the ground

• The „soil specialists“ transformthe leaves into crumbly and richin nutrients soil

• The roots absorb the nutrients,the tree grows new leaves,blossoms and fruit [Dohmann,1999].

Slide 8-1, Module G6

Basic Principles of Composting

Numerous organisms take part inthe composting process :

• Woodlice

• Earthworms

• Millipedes

• Flagellate

• Springtails (Collembola)

• Beetles

• Mites

• Bacteria

• Fungi

Slide 8-2, Module G6 and S5

Basic Principles of Composting

• The tree absorbs nutrients fromthe soil for its own growth, fruitand leaves

• After some time the leaves fallonto the ground

• The „soil specialists“ transformthe leaves into crumbly and richin nutrients soil

• The roots absorb the nutrients,the tree grows new leaves,blossoms and fruit [Dohmann,1999].

Slide 8-3, Module S5

Basic Principles ofComposting

• During the degradation of thecomposting material, the organismsgenerate heat, the temperature inthe compost rises

• After the degradation, thermophileorganisms e. g. fungi initiate humusdecay and the temperature falls

• The composting process ischaracterised by a certaintemperature course, see the figure[Bilitewski et al, 2000]

• This process is divided into threephases: Degradation phase,Modification phase and Compositionphase [Bilitewski, 2000]

Degradationphase

Modificationphase

Compositionphase

Slide 8-4, Module S5

Basic Principles of Composting

Container possibilities for your own composting

Slide 9-1, Module G6 and S5

Basic Principles of Composting

• Construct on grown soil, in order to obtain soil organisms in the compost

• Do not construct the compost site in pits and do not close it on all sides Decay danger!

• The compost should be a mix of diverse materials, such as wood pieces, leaves, etc.

• Reduce to small pieces all large material particles

• Mix very well the different materials with one another

• Create a lower level of 20 cm from coarse materials, such as shrub cuttings; afterwards applyfiner materials

• Waste, which attracts animals should be covered with soil

• Do not let the compost dry, as small organisms need moisture; do not wet it too much either, inorder to avoid lack of air

• Cover the ready compost with leaves, soil or straw, to keep the heat and protect it from drying

• After certain period of time (~ 6 months in Europe) shovel the compost, in order to loosen thematerial and to stir it again

Slide 9-2, Module G6 and S5

Basic Principles of Composting

Kitchen waste such astee and coffee grounds

Egg shells

Fruit rests

Food rests

Garden waste suchas leaves, straw

Vegetable rests

Flower rests

Slide 10, Module G6 and S5

Materials for Composting

Hold the paper against the light. Is ittranslucent or not?Compare your paper with others. Is it thick,medium or thin?

Touch the paper with your finger. Is thesurface rough, smooth or shiny?Is your paper recycled or is it made from newfibres?

Hold the paper with one end in water. Does itabsorb a lot or little water?

Blow at the paper. Is it permeable to air ornot?

Hold the paper at the corner and wave it.Does it rustle strongly, medium or slightly?

For what purpose can we use your paper?

What is the colour of your paper?

What is the name of your paper?

AnswerQualities

Slide 11, Module G7 and S6

Basic Knowledge of Paper

2,3 kg new wood

220 litres water !!!

7,4 kWh

1,1 kg old paper

20 litres water

0,8 kWh

1 kg new paper 1 kg recycled paper

Slide 12, Module S6

Production - New und Recycled Paper

Further utilisation possibilities for old paper:

• Use of the fibre qualities for producing silages, chipboard, etc.

• Use of the thermal qualities – incineration for energy production

• Use of the biodegradability qualities for composting and production of fertilizers and compost

The following types can be used for these examples:

• newspapers and books,

• catalogues and magazines,

• writing, copying and printing paper,

• cardboard and paper packagings

Slide 13, Module G7 and S6

New and Recycled Paper

approx. 325 kg paper per week at ACT

If all the paper is disposed at alandfill site, it will be theequivalent of : 

~ 32.500 A4 pages / week ! 

The landfill will become biggerand bigger every day.

If the paper is collected andrecycled, raw materials such aswater will be economised andyou will have less waste!

Slide 14, Module G7 and S6

New and Recycled Paper

Slide 15-1, Module G8 and S7

How to make our own paper?

Slide 15-2, Module G8 and S7

How to make our own paper?

Cog wheals, pulp, wall dowels, electrical castingsPAPolyamide

Compact discs, bead mouldings, bottles, ampullaePCPolycarbonate

Disposable cups, glassy household articles,injection moulded parts, styrofoamPSPolystyrene

Films, window frames, pipes, cable isolationPVCPolyvinyl chloride

Technical parts, e.g. for motor vehiclesPPPolypropylene

Slide blaring, rollers, castings for spark plugsPBTPolybutyleneterephthalate

Wear resistant elements for fine mechanics,appliances castings, plastic filmsPETPolyethylene

terephthalate

Plastic films, moulded padding, bulk goodsPEPolyethylene

ApplicationChemicalformula

Abbr.Thermoplastics

Slide 16-1, Module S8

Background Knowledge of Plastics

Castables, foams, varnishPRPolyurethane

Binders for moulding materials, woodglue, varnishURUrea resin

Binders for moulding materials, woodglue, varnishMRMelamine resin

Electrical isolation materials, hardboard,cast & varnish resin, wood glue, car bodyparts

PRPhenolic resin

Varnish, cast resin, adhesivesEREpoxy resin

Cast resin, varnish, spacklePEPolyester

ApplicationChemical formulaAbbr.Thermosettingplastics

Slide 16-2, Module S8

Background Knowledge of Plastics

Conveyer belts, cable coatings,foam rubber, protectiveclothing

CRPolychloroprene

Car tires, linings, isolationmaterialsPBPolybutadiene

Car tiresSBRStyrene butadienerubber

Soft & hard rubber, hoses,gasketsNRNatural rubber

ApplicationChemical formulaAbbr.Rubbers

Slide 16-3, Module S8

Background Knowledge of Plastics

Genuine, slightlycontaminated plastic

cupsGenuine plastic bottles

Mixed and contaminatedplastic waste

Slide 17, Module S8

Recycling of Plastics

Description:

The plastics areincinerated in incinerationplants and utilised forenergy production.

Description:

The polymeric materialsare degraded into rawmaterials consisting ofsmall molecules, i. e. thelong-chain plastics aredecomposed in short-chainraw materials. By thischemical transformation,the cycle: raw materials-plastics-raw materials isclosed.

Description:

When melted the thermoplastics can be reused(transformed) for theproduction of otherproducts.

The melting takes place at150°C and 230°C.

IncinerationRaw materials recyclingBasic materialsrecycling

Slide 18-1, Module S8

Recycling of Plastics

Advantages:

Plastics have a high heatvalue.

Advantages:

No sorting and cleaning arenecessary. Acquisition ofhigh quality plastics.

Advantages:

Well utilisable in plasticprocessing companies, asthe waste is sorted outaccording to the type.

IncinerationRow materials recyclingBasic materials recycling

Slide 18-2, Module S8

Recycling of Plastics

IncinerationRow materials recyclingBasic materialsrecycling

Disadvantages:

It is sustainable only in thecases, which involve theapplication of energy-intensive methods for theseparation and sorting ofplastics waste.Hazardous substances aredischarged during theincineration process, whichcan be filtered but stillneed to be disposed.

Disadvantages:

High costs are required forenergy and equipment,which can be seldomjustifiable.Not all plastics can berecycled in this way.

Disadvantages:

Sorting and cleaning arenecessary for mixed waste.Eternal recycling is notpossible as the processreaches a point in which thematerial deteriorates.Production of low qualityproducts, which will have tobe disposed of at a landfillsite. Recycling, in order toproduce high qualityproducts, is currently noteconomically sustainable.

Slide 18-3, Module S8

Recycling of Plastics

-4.389,12Sum

0,801.806,85Kitchenwaste

0,111.146,30Gardenwaste

0,031.109,12Plastics

0,25326, 85Paper,cardboard

Volume[m³]

Thickness[mg/m³]

50 % ofthe amount

[kg]

Amount[kg/week]

WasteType

Slide 19, Module S9

Waste has a value!

These 50% recyclable materials add up to a volumeof 25,5 m³per week!

1,75 m

2,94 m

Somuch!

Slide 20, Module S9

Waste has a value!

769,83Sum

232,90Plastic cups

78,90Plastic bottles

326,85Paper, cardboard

131,18Glass

Baht / weekAmount

[kg/week]Waste Type

Slide 21, Module S9

Waste has a value!

Kitchen waste

Garden waste

Plastics

Residual waste

Material < 40 mm

Fat

Paper, cardboard

Glass

Metals

Tetra packs

Hazardous waste

……………Colour &Type

ContainerWaste TypeType

Slide 22, Module S9

Separate Waste Collection

Can we collect the following waste types separately?

GoodComposting

Bad Landfill plantGood

Recycling

YesNoYes

Paper Garden & Kitchen waste

GoodRecycling

Bad Landfill plantGood

Recycling

YesNoYes

Plastic cups Plastic bottles

Slide 23, ModuleS9

Separate Waste Collection

Wastefraction

Containertype

Diagram

Utilisation

Container colour Red Orange Blue Green Yellow

Plasticcup

Plasticbottle Paper

Foodwaste

Gardenwaste

Residualwaste

Recycling Recycling Recycling Compost LandfillPartiallyCompost

Cupcontainer

260 lcontainer

260 lcontainer

260 lcontainer

260 lContaineror metalboxes

Stainlesssteel260 lcontainer

Slide 24-1, Module S9

Separate Waste Collection at ACT

1.) Waste mixture 2.) Transportation

2.) Separate transportation1.) Separated waste

3.) Separation 4.) Limited recycling

3.) Recycling

Slide 24-2, Module S9

Separate Waste Collection